O Conceito do Direito Consuetudinário Popasaangu na Resolução de Infrações Penais Juvenis na Indonésia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n4.4747Palavras-chave:
Customary Law, Popasaangu Fikiri, Juvenile Criminal Offenses, Restorative Justice, Customary Dispute ResolutionResumo
Resumen : Muchos casos de delitos penales juveniles ocurren y no se resuelven necesariamente a través de procesos formales. Esto se debe a que la implementación de la justicia restaurativa a través de la desviación, que se esperaba proporcionara una solución beneficiosa para ambas partes a nivel policial, de fiscalía y de tribunales según lo mandado por la Ley de Justicia Penal Juvenil, aún no ha cumplido con las expectativas públicas. El tipo de investigación utilizado en la preparación de esta propuesta de disertación es la investigación jurídica empírica. La urgencia de esta investigación es formular el concepto de resolución de delitos menores cometidos por niños dentro de la costumbre Popasaangu Fikiri. Esta investigación utiliza el tipo de investigación jurídica empírica. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que, filosóficamente, el Popasaangu Fikiri se basa en la cosmovisión de las comunidades indígenas que valoran altamente el equilibrio, la humanidad y la armonía social. La justicia no se entiende como retribución, sino como la restauración del honor y las relaciones sociales a través de tres etapas principales: reconocimiento del error, disculpa y perdón, y reafirmación de las relaciones sociales. La novedad de esta investigación radica en el descubrimiento de un modelo conceptual restaurativo-comunal para resolver delitos menores cometidos por niños, donde el Popasaangu Fikiri no solo sirve como un mecanismo de paz consuetudinaria, sino también como un sistema legal de recuperación social que une valores morales, sociales y legales dentro de un único proceso de justicia consuetudinaria. Este modelo difiere del concepto de justicia restaurativa en el sistema de justicia juvenil moderno porque enfatiza la restauración del honor y el equilibrio social, en lugar de simplemente reparar el daño o mediar entre el delincuente y la víctima. Así, Popasaangu Fikiri hace una nueva contribución conceptual al desarrollo de un paradigma basado en el derecho consuetudinario para resolver casos penales infantiles que sea humanista, participativo y socialmente justo.
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