FACTORES PROTECTORES Y RESILIENCIA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: UN ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO DE RECURSOS PSICOSOCIALES Y SALUD MENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n4.4708Keywords:
Resiliencia, Factores Protectores, Estudiantes Universitarios, Salud Mental, Estrategias de Afrontamiento, Apoyo SocialAbstract
Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y cuantificar factores protectores y recursos de resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su asociación con resultados de salud mental y éxito académico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal con 3,847 estudiantes universitarios de 18 instituciones en 6 países (2023-2024). Los participantes completaron instrumentos validados que midieron resiliencia, apoyo social, estrategias de afrontamiento, autoeficacia académica e indicadores de salud mental. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple para identificar factores protectores asociados con resultados positivos de salud mental. Resultados: Los estudiantes con puntuaciones altas de resiliencia (≥percentil 75) mostraron 4.23 veces mayor probabilidad de mantener buena salud mental (OR: 4.23; IC 95%: 3.67-4.88). El apoyo familiar fuerte (OR: 3.89; IC 95%: 3.41-4.44), las estrategias de afrontamiento activas (OR: 3.56; IC 95%: 3.12-4.07) y la autoeficacia académica (OR: 3.12; IC 95%: 2.71-3.59) fueron factores protectores significativos. Los estudiantes con tres o más factores protectores demostraron 78.4% de probabilidad de mantener bienestar psicológico a pesar del estrés académico. Los servicios de apoyo institucional mostraron efecto protector (OR: 2.87; IC 95%: 2.45-3.36). Conclusiones: Los factores protectores y recursos de resiliencia juegan un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de la salud mental entre estudiantes universitarios. Las intervenciones deben enfocarse en fortalecer estos mecanismos protectores en lugar de solo abordar factores de riesgo. Las políticas universitarias deben priorizar el desarrollo de programas de construcción de resiliencia y garantizar acceso equitativo a recursos de apoyo.
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