PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF LAW ON INTERNATIONAL ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE XXI OF THE GATT: POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS AND DIPLOMATIC DISPUTES BETWEEN COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n3.3258Keywords:
GATT, Article XXI, National Security, Geopolitical Implications, International TradeAbstract
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established to regulate international trade and ensure fair practices between countries. However, the ambiguity of Article XXI, which allows countries to safeguard their “essential security interests,” has led to its abuse, often for political motives. This study explores the geopolitical implications of Article XXI’s application and the challenges it poses to international trade. It examines cases where countries, particularly the United States and Russia, have invoked this article to implement trade protectionism under the guise of national security. The study argues that the vague terminology in Article XXI, such as “emergency in international relations” and “necessary for the protection of essential security interests,” opens the door for arbitrary use and undermines the spirit of fair trade. The research also highlights the importance of legal philosophy in understanding the balance between a nation’s sovereignty and its obligations under international agreements. It proposes solutions, including the qualification of ambiguous terms, the introduction of clearer guidelines for discretion, and the establishment of an independent monitoring body to ensure transparency. By addressing these issues, the study aims to contribute to a more objective and fair application of security exceptions in international trade law.
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