JURIDICAL REVIEW OF VISUM ET REPERTUM AS EVIDENCE IN RAPE CASES INVOLVING MARRIED VICTIMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5237Palavras-chave:
Evidence, Law of Proof, Marital Victim, Rape, Visum Et RepertumResumo
Sexual violence cases, particularly rape involving married women, often present complex evidentiary challenges due to the dominance of psychological coercion and the limited availability of visible physical injuries. In such cases, Visum et Repertum (VeR) plays a crucial role as medicolegal evidence to support the criminal justice process. This study aims to analyze the legal status and evidentiary strength of VeR as a means of proof in rape cases involving married victims, as well as to examine its judicial application in Decision Number 21/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Bjw. This research employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical and literature study approach, analyzing statutory regulations, doctrines of criminal evidence, medicolegal standards, and court decisions. The results indicate that VeR holds a strong evidentiary position as both documentary evidence and expert opinion, enabling judges to verify forced penetration, assess the consistency of the victim’s testimony, and establish the element of coercion, even in the absence of prominent physical injuries. However, the findings also reveal inconsistencies in judicial interpretation, particularly when psychological pressure outweighs physical violence. Therefore, the study highlights the need for strengthened legal interpretation, harmonized medicolegal guidelines, and improved capacity of law enforcement officials to ensure the optimal use of VeR in sexual violence cases. The main legal contribution of this study lies in clarifying the doctrinal position of VeR as a scientific evidentiary instrument capable of bridging medical findings with the legal construction of sexual violence under the Indonesian criminal justice system. Practically, these findings highlight the need for clearer interpretative guidelines and improved capacity of investigators, prosecutors, and judges in understanding medicolegal evidence to ensure the optimal use of VeR in sexual violence cases.
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