MODELO DIFUSO PARA LA EVALUACIÓN ERGONÓMICA EN EL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO: INTEGRACIÓN DEL MÉTODO JOB STRAIN INDEX Y LÓGICA DIFUSA PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL ESFUERZO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5043Resumo
Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) representan uno de los riesgos laborales más prevalentes en el sector agrícola, donde el trabajo manual intensivo expone a los trabajadores a elevadas demandas físicas y posturas forzadas. El presente estudio propone un modelo híbrido difuso que integra el método del Índice de Tensión Laboral (Job Strain Index, JSI) con lógica difusa, con el propósito de mejorar la evaluación ergonómica de puestos de trabajo manuales. El JSI evalúa seis variables clave: intensidad del esfuerzo, duración del esfuerzo por ciclo, esfuerzos por minuto, desviación de la muñeca, velocidad de trabajo y duración de la tarea. las cuales se combinan de forma multiplicativa para cuantificar el riesgo de trastornos traumáticos acumulativos en las extremidades superiores. Dada la subjetividad de algunas de las variables del JSI, se incorporó la lógica difusa mediante funciones de pertenencia y reglas de inferencia, con el fin de modelar la incertidumbre e imprecisión propias del proceso de evaluación. El modelo fue validado en un proceso de compactación de alimento para ganado, representativo del trabajo manual intensivo en el ámbito agrícola. Los resultados demuestran que la integración JSI-difuso genera evaluaciones de riesgo más robustas y discriminantes, permitiendo diferenciar eficazmente entre condiciones de trabajo seguras, de riesgo moderado y de riesgo elevado para las extremidades superiores. Este enfoque híbrido constituye una herramienta confiable de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en la gestión de la seguridad y salud ocupacional en el sector agrícola.
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