PRIVATIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS ESTATAIS
UM ESTUDO COMPARADO ENTRE INDONÉSIA E PAÍSES BAIXOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n4.4885Palavras-chave:
State-Owned Enterprises, Privatization, Corporate Governance, Comparative LawResumo
Este artigo examina a privatização das empresas estatais a partir de um estudo comparativo entre a Indonésia e os Países Baixos. Parte-se da constatação de ineficiências nas empresas estatais indonésias, evidenciadas pela concentração das contribuições de dividendos, por prejuízos recorrentes e pela intensa intervenção estatal nas decisões empresariais. O estudo busca comparar como ambos os países estruturam a relação entre o Estado e as empresas estatais, com o objetivo de identificar modelos de governança capazes de promover maior eficiência na Indonésia. A pesquisa adota o método law in context e uma abordagem histórica, analisando os marcos normativos, os arranjos institucionais e os processos políticos que moldam a governança das empresas estatais em cada país. Por meio de análise macrocomparativa, avalia-se de que forma o desenho jurídico influencia a autonomia gerencial e a responsabilização dos administradores. Os resultados indicam que a Indonésia mantém um papel estatal predominante, tratando as empresas estatais não apenas como entidades empresariais, mas também como instrumentos de política pública. Essa dupla função restringe a autonomia societária e gera incertezas jurídicas quanto à responsabilidade dos órgãos societários. Em contraste, os Países Baixos posicionam o Estado primordialmente como acionista, submetendo as empresas estatais ao direito societário comum e à disciplina de mercado. Conclui-se que a filosofia de governança influencia os resultados de desempenho, recomendando-se o fortalecimento da autonomia societária, a clara separação entre finanças públicas e patrimônio empresarial e a aplicação consistente dos princípios do direito societário, a fim de aprimorar eficiência e responsabilização.
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