DHANI LANGUAGE USE DECLINES ACROSS CHAKWAL GENERATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.4438Palavras-chave:
Language Decline, Intergenerational Transmission, Language Endangerment, Social Exclusion, RevitalizationResumo
This study investigates the use of the Dhani language within the family domain and explores the intergenerational transmission processes among native Dhani speakers in the Chakwal district, revealing a concerning trend of language decline and highlighting the challenges in preserving this linguistic heritage. Data collection was through the use of a four-point Likert scale, with a purposive sample that covered three generations of Dhani native speakers (N=320). The findings show that Dhani use is mostly confined to the family domain, with the generations moving increasingly towards the use of Urdu and English. The low esteem attached to Dhani as well as the dominance of the national language in the official domain are contributing factors towards the decline, with the consequence that a diglossic situation emerges. The study calls for revitalization efforts, including community-educational programs, policy advocacy, and promotion of cultural pride, as essential steps towards the preservation of Dhani against social exclusion. Comparative research with other endangered languages, including Kensiu and Kashmiri, further underscores the issues in common, calling for concerted strategies towards the prevention of linguistic erosion and the preservation of cultural heritage. This study identifies the causes of Dhani language decline to help counter its endangerment.
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