VALORACIÓN NUTRICIONAL MEDIANTE CINTA MUAC Z-SCORE EN ESCOLARES DE ZONA RURAL: ESTUDIO TRANSVERSAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n2.4257Palavras-chave:
Circunferencia Del Brazo Superior, Desnutrición, Escolares, Zona Rural, Z-ScoreResumo
Antecedentes: La desnutrición infantil constituye un problema de salud pública global, particularmente en zonas rurales con acceso limitado a servicios de salud. La circunferencia media del brazo superior (MUAC) con z-score representa una herramienta diagnóstica simple y eficaz para la evaluación nutricional en entornos con recursos limitados. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado nutricional de escolares de una zona rural mediante cinta MUAC z-score y determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición en esta población. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 128 estudiantes de 3-12 años de la Escuela Educación Básica Carchi Macará, Santa Lucía. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Variables evaluadas: datos sociodemográficos, medición MUAC z-score, patrones alimentarios mediante cuestionario validado. Análisis estadístico con SPSS v.28, pruebas de correlación de Pearson, significancia p<0.05. Resultados: Se identificó prevalencia de malnutrición del 27.6% (n=35), con z-score promedio de -0.35±1.18. La distribución nutricional mostró 72.9% en estado normal, 20.9% en riesgo, 4.7% con malnutrición moderada y 1.6% severa. Los patrones alimentarios revelaron consumo predominante de cereales (38.8%) y deficiencias en frutas/verduras (41.1% con poco consumo). Conclusiones: La implementación de cinta MUAC z-score permitió identificación efectiva del riesgo nutricional, facilitando intervenciones oportunas en poblaciones vulnerables rurales.
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