THE IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP PERCEPTION ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' INNOVATION IN UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n2.3509Palavras-chave:
Perceived Spiritual Leadership, Teachers’ Innovative Behaviors, Workplace Spirituality, Physical Education TeachersResumo
Physical education teachers play a unique role in the university environment. They need to not only teach physical skills, but also cultivate students’ teamwork spirit and physical fitness, thereby playing a crucial role in higher education. This study used the questionnaire survey method, taking physical education teachers in Chinese universities as samples. A total of 554 formal questionnaires were collected. This study aims to explore predictive effects of perceived spiritual leadership of physical education teachers in Chinese universities on teachers’ innovation, and the mediating effect of workplace spirituality between perceived spiritual leadership and innovative behaviors. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in teachers’ innovative behaviors among physical education teachers of different genders, while there are significant differences among teachers with different educational backgrounds and professional titles. Perceived spiritual leadership has a significant positive impact on teachers’ innovative behaviors and workplace spirituality; workplace spirituality has a significant positive influence on teachers’ innovative behaviors; and workplace spirituality has a mediating effect between the perceived spiritual leadership and teachers’ innovative behaviors. This study provides practical guidance for university administrators by exploring the impact of perceived spiritual leadership on the innovative behaviors of physical education teachers in universities.
Referências
Afsar, B., & Badir, Y. (2017). Workplace spirituality, perceived organizational support and innovative work behavior: The mediating effects of person-organization fit. Journal of workplace Learning, 29(2), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-11-2015-0086
Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45(3), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.011
Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2015). The relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of perceived person–organization fit. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12(4), 329-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2015.1060515
Alfarajat, H. S., & Emeagwali, O. L. (2021). Antecedents of service innovative behavior: the role of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality. Organizacija, 54(4), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2021-0022
Alhashedi, A. A. A., Bardai, B., Al-Dubai, M. M. M., & Alaghbari, M. A. (2021). Organizational citizenship behavior role in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance in gold industry of Saudi Arabia. Business: Theory and Practice, 22(1), 39-54. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1008133
Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., Griffith, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (2017). What works for you may not work for (Gen) Me: Limitations of present leadership theories for the new generation. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.001
Andersen, I., Buch, R., & Kuvaas, B. (2020). A literature review of social and economic leader–member exchange. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 538446. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01474
Astakoni, I. M. P., Sariani, N. L. P., Yulistiyono, A., Sutaguna, I. N. T., & Utami, N. M. S. (2022). Spiritual Leadership, Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Commitment; Individual Spirituality as Moderating Variable. Italienisch, 12(2), 620-631. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/I-Nyoman-Sutaguna/publication/366248549_Spiritual_Leadership_Workplace_Spirituality_and_Organizational_Commitment_Individual_Spirituality_as_Moderating_Variable/links/639974f3e42faa7e75bed8ce/Spiritual-Leadership-Workplace-Spirituality-and-Organizational-Commitment-Individual-Spirituality-as-Moderating-Variable.pdf
Bantha, T., & Nayak, U. (2020). The relation of workplace spirituality with employees’ innovative work behaviour: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Indian Business Research, 13(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-03-2020-0067
Bao, Y. (2024). A dual mediation model of the association between principal inclusive leadership and teacher innovative behavior. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article e12320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63332-0
Blase, J., & Kirby, P. C. (2008). Bringing out the best in teachers: What effective principals do. Corwin Press.
Budiono, I., & Yasin, M. (2020). Linking prophetic leadership, workplace spirituality, employee engagement and innovative work behavior in sufism-based Islamic boarding school. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 12, 3766-3786. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09
Carnevale, J. B., Huang, L., Crede, M., Harms, P., & Uhl‐Bien, M. (2017). Leading to stimulate employees' ideas: A quantitative review of leader–member exchange, employee voice, creativity, and innovative behavior. Applied Psychology, 66(4), 517-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12102
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
Dedahanov, A. T., Bozorov, F., & Sung, S. (2019). Paternalistic leadership and innovative behavior: Psychological empowerment as a mediator. Sustainability, 11(6), 1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061770
Ding, Z., Cao, G., & Jin, Q. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on the innovative behaviour of new teachers in applied undergraduate universities. Journal of Changzhou Institute of Technology, 6, 72-76. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-0436.2020.06.015
Elrehail, H., Rehman, S. U., Chaudhry, N. I., & Alzghoul, A. (2021). Nexus among cyberloafing behavior, job demands and job resources: A mediated-moderated model. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 4731-4749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10496-1
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation: Self‐determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256-275. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111129055
Fairholm, G. W. (2011). Real leadership: How spiritual values give leadership meaning: How spiritual values give leadership meaning. ABC-CLIO.
Fischer, C., Malycha, C. P., & Schafmann, E. (2019). The influence of intrinsic motivation and synergistic extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 416995. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137
Fry, L. W. (2005). Introduction to The Leadership Quarterly special issue: Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 5(16), 619-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.001
Fry, L., & Kriger, M. (2009). Towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667-1696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709346380
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: A study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130
Garg, N. (2017a). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685816689741
Garg, N. (2017b). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance in indian context: Mediating effect of organizational commitment, work motivation and employee engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 4(2), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093717736134
Garg, N. (2018a). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical Exploration. Purushartha-A Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 10(2), 8-24. http://journals.smsvaranasi.com/index.php/purushartha/article/view/60
Garg, N. (2018b). Promoting organizational performance in Indian insurance industry: The roles of workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behaviour. Global Business Review, 21(3), 834-849. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918778983
Garg, N., Punia, B. K., & Jain, A. (2019). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction: Exploring mediating effect of organization citizenship behaviour. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(3), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262919850928
Gibson, A. (2014). Principals’ and teachers’ views of spirituality in principal leadership in three primary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(4), 520-535. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213502195
Guo, Y., Peng, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2023). How does empowering leadership motivate employee innovative behavior: A job characteristics perspective. Current Psychology, 42(21), 18280-18290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03000-6
Hart, P. F., & Rodgers, W. (2024). Competition, competitiveness, and competitive advantage in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 49(11), 2153-2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2293926
Hassan, M., Bin Nadeem, A., & Akhter, A. (2016). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction: Mediating effect of trust. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1189808. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1189808
Hellison, D., Wright, P. M., Martinek, T. J., & Walsh, D. S. (2025). Teaching personal and social responsibility through physical activity. Human Kinetics.
Helmy, I., & Wiwoho, G. (2016, October 26-27). The influence of spiritual leadership and emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior: Mediation effect of workplace spirituality. Proceedings-International Conference of Banking, Accounting, Management and Economics & Call For Papers (ICOBAME), Magelang, Indonesia. https://www.unisbank.ac.id/ojs/index.php/icobame/article/view/4679
Hidayat, R., & Patras, Y. E. (2024). Teacher innovativeness: The effect of self-efficacy, transformational leadership, and school climate. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(1), 208-222. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1417827
Hocine, Z., & Zhang, J. (2014). Autonomy supportive leadership: A new framework for understanding effective leadership through self-determination theory. International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 7(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISCM.2014.069397
Hodge, D. R. (2003). The intrinsic spirituality scale: A new six-item instrument for assessing the salience of spirituality as a motivational construct. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n01_03
Houghton, J. D., Neck, C. P., & Krishnakumar, S. (2016). The what, why, and how of spirituality in the workplace revisited: A 14-year update and extension. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 13(3), 177-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1185292
Hunsaker, W. D. (2022). Spiritual leadership and employee innovation. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5048-5057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01011-9
Hunsaker, W. D., & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The role of employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(6), 1355-1371. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2021-0032
Javed, B., Naqvi, S. M. M. R., Khan, A. K., Arjoon, S., & Tayyeb, H. H. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior: The role of psychological safety. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(1), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.3
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003). The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4-5), 525-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00050-X
Kanat-Maymon, Y., Elimelech, M., & Roth, G. (2020). Work motivations as antecedents and outcomes of leadership: Integrating self-determination theory and the full range leadership theory. European Management Journal, 38(4), 555-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.01.003
Ke, J., Sun, J., & Wang, J. (2014). Development and validation of the workplace spirituality scale. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(5), 826-830. http://www.cqvip.com/qk/97961x/20145/662897279.html
Ke, J., Zhang, F., Yan, X., & Fu, Y. (2017). The effect of university teachers’ workplace spirituality on employee engagement: Professional commitment as mediator. Creative Education, 8(13), Article 79955. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2017.813145
Ke, J., Zhang, J., & You, J. (2020). Effect of workplace spirituality on creative teaching behavior: Intrinsic job satisfaction as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 48(6), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9158
Kebede, A. G., Terefe, S. D., & Ijigu, A. W. (2024). Ambidextrous leadership and academic staff innovative behavior at Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia: The mediating role of workplace happiness. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), Article e2307564. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2307564
Kesting, P., Ulhøi, J. P., Song, L. J., & Niu, H. (2015). The impact of leadership styles on innovation-a review. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(4), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.004_0004
Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Savaş, G., & Er, E. (2024). How transformational leadership influences teachers’ commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(2), 455-474. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221082803
Kinjerski, V. M., & Skrypnek, B. J. (2004). Defining spirit at work: Finding common ground. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(1), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410511288
Kinjerski, V. M., & Skryonek, B. J. (2006). A human ecological model of spirit at work. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 3(3), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080609518627
Klaeijsen, A., Vermeulen, M., & Martens, R. (2018). Teachers’ innovative behaviour: The importance of basic psychological need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and occupational self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(5), 769-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2017.1306803
Krahnke, K., Giacalone, R. A., & Carole, L. J. (2003). Pointcounterpoint: Measuring workplace spirituality. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 396-405. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810310484154
Li, B., Yu, W., Lei, Y., & Hu, M. (2023a). How does spiritual leadership inspire employees’ innovative behavior? The role of psychological capital and intrinsic motivation. European Review of Applied Psychology, 73(6), 100905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2023.100905
Li, J., Ju, S. Y., Kong, L. K., & Jiang, N. (2023b). A study on the mechanism of spiritual leadership on burnout of elementary and secondary school teachers: The mediating role of career calling and emotional intelligence. Sustainability, 15(12), Article e9343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129343
Li, Q., & Sheng, Y. (2024). Spiritual leadership and employee work performance improvement: A perspective from traditional Chinese culture. Leadership Science, 6, 68-77. https://doi.org/10.19572/j.cnki.ldkx.2024.06.019
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810310484172
Moore, T. W., & Casper, W. J. (2006). An examination of proxy measures of workplace spirituality: A profile model of multidimensional constructs. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 12(4), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190601200407
Moxley, R. S. (2000). Leadership and spirit. Jossey-Bass.
Naidoo, M. (2014). The potential of spiritual leadership in workplace spirituality. Koers, 79(2), 1-8. https://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S2304-85572014000200002&script=sci_abstract&tlng=af
National Research Council of Thailand (2015). National policy and guidelines for human research 2015. https://sp.mahidol.ac.th/pdf/ref/National_Policy_Guidelines_for_Human_Research2015.pdf
Paul, M., Jena, L. K., & Sahoo, K. (2020). Workplace spirituality and workforce agility: A psychological exploration among teaching professionals. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(1), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00918-3
Pawar, B. S. (2014). Leadership spiritual behaviors toward subordinates: An empirical examination of the effects of a leader’s individual spirituality and organizational spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(3), 439-452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1772-5
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Prasetyo, I. D. (2019). Spiritual leadership: Practical implementation for school principals in Indonesia. The Educational Review, USA, 3(3), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.26855/er.2019.03.001
Ranasinghe, V. R., & Samarasinghe, S. M. (2019). The Effect of Workplace Spirituality on Innovative Work Behavior. International Business Research, 12(12), 1-29. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ibrjnl/v12y2019i12p29.html
Rashidin, M. S., Javed, S., & Liu, B. (2020). Empirical study on spirituality, employee’s engagement and job satisfaction: Evidence from China. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(12), 1042-1054. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1665066
Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039
Ridlo, M., Wardahana, I. A., & Jessica, K. G. (2021). The effect of job satisfaction, workplace spirituality and organizational commitment on work productivity with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as intervening variable (Case study on Bank Muamalat Indonesia KC Solo). Perbanas Journal of Business and Banking, 10(2), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v10i2.2272
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Saxena, A., & Prasad, A. (2023). Exploring the influence of dimensions of workplace spirituality on innovative work behaviour: role of sense of God. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(2), 183-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0220
Sholikhah, Z., Wang, X., & Li, W. (2019). The role of spiritual leadership in fostering discretionary behaviors: The mediating effect of organization based self-esteem and workplace spirituality. International Journal of Law and Management, 61(1), 232-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2018-0081
Sonia, N. R., Sutiah, S., Wahidmurni, W., & Soeharto, S. (2024). Islamic leadership, workplace spirituality, and innovative work behavior on teachers’ Islamic performance: Mediating role of OCBIP. Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan, 22(1), 111-126. http://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/20090/
Suriyankietkaew, S., & Kantamara, P. (2019). Business ethics and spirituality for corporate sustainability: A Buddhism perspective. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 16(3), 264-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2019.1574598
Terzı, R., Gocen, A., & Kaya, A. (2020). Spiritual leaders for building trust in the school context. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 20(86), 135-156. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/54088/729815
Torlak, N. G., & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, job satisfaction and performance links in private education institutes of Pakistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2018-0182
Usmanova, K., Wang, D., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S. Z., Khan, S. U., & Younas, A. (2023). Spiritual leadership as a pathway toward innovative work behavior via knowledge sharing self-efficacy: moderating role of innovation climate. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 53(6), 1250-1270. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-04-2021-0054
Vandenberghe, C. (2011). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An integrative model. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(3), 211-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2011.599146
Widodo, S., & Suryosukmono, G. (2021). Spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality and their effects on meaningful work: Self-transcendence as mediator role. Management Science Letters, 11(7), 2115-2126. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.2.016
Yang, J., Chang, M., Chen, Z., Zhou, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). The chain mediation effect of spiritual leadership on employees' innovative behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(1), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2019-0442
Yang, F., Chen, G., Yang, Q., & Huang, X. (2023). Does motivation matter? How leader behaviors influence employee vigor at work. Personnel Review, 52(9), 2172-2188. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2021-0734
Zhang, Y., & Yang, F. (2021). How and when spiritual leadership enhances employee innovative behavior. Personnel Review, 50(2), 596-609. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2019-0346
Zheng, J., & Lü, W. (2022). The impact of knowledge sharing on the innovative behaviour of university physical education teachers: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Physical Education, 29(2), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.16237/j.cnki.cn44-1404/g8.2022.02.013
Zhu, Y., Ouyang, C., & Chen, W. (2022). Spiritual leadership, autonomous motivation and employee craftsmanship spirit: the cross-level moderating effect of caring ethical climate. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 1971-1988. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S358107
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Submeto (emos) o presente trabalho, texto original e inédito, de minha (nossa) autoria, à avaliação de Veredas do Direito - Revista de Direito, e concordo (amos) que os direitos autorais a ele referentes se tornem propriedade exclusiva da Revista Veredas, sendo vedada qualquer reprodução total ou parcial, em qualquer outra parte ou outro meio de divulgação impresso ou eletrônico, dissociado de Veredas do Direito, sem que a necessária e prévia autorização seja solicitada por escrito e obtida junto ao Editor-gerente. Declaro (amos) ainda que não existe conflito de interesse entre o tema abordado, o (s) autor (es) e empresas, instituições ou indivíduos.
Reconheço (Reconhecemos) ainda que Veredas está licenciada sob uma LICENÇA CREATIVE COMMONS:
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
