PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATION UNDER CHINA'S 'DOUBLE REDUCTION' IN ZHEJIANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.6786Palabras clave:
Double Reduction, Education Policy, Education Quality, Educational Governance, School, Teacher TrainingResumen
The 'Double Reduction' education policy, introduced by the Chinese central government in July 2021, aims to alleviate students' academic burdens by restricting off-campus tutoring and improving the quality of in-school education. This study investigates how this policy has reshaped secondary school teachers’ professional roles in Zhejiang Province by employing retrospective pre-test/post-test quantitative design and self-developed Teacher Role Change Scale. A stratified random sample of 120 junior high school teachers completed the RRCS, rating their role performance before (July 2021) and after (2025) policy implementation. Paired-sample t-tests, correlation analyses, and multiple regression were conducted to test research objectives. Results show a significant improvement in overall role scores from pre-policy (M = 61.50) to post-policy (M = 64.21; t (119) = –2.918, p = .004), validating H1. However, the four demographic variables (teaching experience, professional title, school type, and location) were not significantly correlated with role-change scores (|r| ≤ .131, p > .15) and collectively failed to predict role change in regression analysis (R² = .042, p = .292), thus H2 and H3 were not supported. These findings suggest that the policy effectively expanded teachers’ roles—particularly in classroom teaching and homework guidance—the magnitude of change was uniform across demographic groups.
Citas
Ahmed, K., Ali, S., Habib, M. A., Khaleel, B., Khan, N. A., & Ashraf, R. S. (2024). Pragmatic perception of politeness in disagreement by Pakistani ESL learners. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Science, 22(2), 10889–10913. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00822
Ahmed, Z., Ahmed, K., Majeed, M. I., Hussain, S., & Qureshi, A. H. (2019). Manipulation of Pakistani women through skin-whitening advertising discourse. In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference of Management Engineering, Software Engineering and Service Sciences (pp. 107–111). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3312662.3312705
Ahmed, Z., Su, L., & Ahmed, K. (2017). Pakistani youth manipulated through night-packages advertising discourse. Human Systems Management, 36(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-171762
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
China Education Online. (2022, March 7). The implementation of “Double Reduction” policy: Challenges and transformations for teachers. https://rmt.eol.cn/2022/03/07/9914173.html
Delors, J., Al Mufti, I., Amagi, I., Carneiro, R., Chung, F., Geremek, B., Gorham, W., Kornhauser, A., Manley, M., Padrón Quero, M., Savané, M.-A., Singh, K., Stavenhagen, R., Suhr, M. W., & Nyerere, J. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. UNESCO.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308385
Finlay, L. (2002). Negotiating the swamp: The opportunity and challenge of reflexivity in research practice. Qualitative Research, 2(2), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410200200205
General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, & General Office of the State Council. (2021, July 24). Opinions on further reducing homework burden and off-campus training burden for students in compulsory education. Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202107/t20210724_546566.html
Jiang, H. (2002). Teacher role research review [Jiao Shi Jue Se Yan Jiu Shu Ping]. Educational Research and Experiment, (4), 45–52.
Jiang, S., & Zhang, M. (2023). Teacher role dilemmas under the background of “Double Reduction” and its transcendence [“双减”背景下小学教师的角色困境及其超越]. Teaching and Administration, 2023(35), 8–11.
Jin, Y., & Zhang, M. (2022). The strategic significance, implementation challenges and route choices of the “double reduction” policy. Education Science, 38(6), 15–20. https://jykx.lnnu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V38/I6/15
Khaleel, B., Nordin, U. K. U. M., Ahmed, K., & Anjum, E. (2024). Societal stigmatization and support mechanism for rape victims: An analysis of linguistic features of rape judgments in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Science, 22(2), 980–994. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.0069
Linton, R. (1936). The study of man: An introduction. Appleton-Century.
Malik, S., Qin, H., Said, M. K., & Ahmed, K. (2020). Quantitative analysis of the foreign language anxiety: Chinese and Pakistani postgraduates in focus. The Arab World English Journal, 11(1), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no1.23
Merton, R. K. (1957). Social theory and social structure. Free Press.
Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. (2021, December 22). Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on further deepening the work of reducing burden and improving efficiency in compulsory education. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/moe_2082/2021/2021_zl53/mtgc/202112/t20211222_589201.html
National Academy for Educational Research. (n.d.). 减负 [Burden reduction]. In Education Terms Dictionary. https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/d260f7e5fe4c87b2d531e4404f0dcd67/
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. Free Press.
Sarbin, T. R., & Allen, V. L. (1968). Role theory. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 488–567). Addison-Wesley.
Sina Finance. (n.d.). Central Commission for Deepening Overall Reform deliberates and approves the “Double Reduction” plan. https://finance.sina.cn/?from=wap
Stake, R. E. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. Guilford Press.
Vijayaratnam, P., Akhi, M. K., Mohiuddin, M. G., Ali, Z. B., Manoochehrzadeh, M., & Rajanthran, S. K. (2025). The impact of watching English cartoons on preschoolers’ language acquisition and behavioural development in Dhaka. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(1), 626–639. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i1.6819
Wang, L. (2022). Under the background of “Double Reduction” policy, the education subject adaptation research. Advances in Education, 12(4), 896–901. https://doi.org/10.12677/AE.2022.124142
Wei, Y. (2023). Parents’ recognition and attitude toward the “Double Reduction” policy: Results of an electronic questionnaire survey (Questionnaire No. 3633). Center for International Education Finance Research, Peking University. https://ciefr.pku.edu.cn/docs//2024-12/bcd3767a1681440c99e79c5c9e94fcd0.pdf
Xinhua. (2021, June 10). Central Committee and State Council issue opinions on optimizing fertility policies to promote long-term balanced population development. Xinhua Net. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2021-06/10/c_1127551960.htm
Yao, X. (2010). Teacher professional development and role transition [Jiao Shi Zhuan Ye Fa Zhan Yu Jue Se Zhuan Xing]. Modern Education Management, 5(2), 12–18.
Zhejiang News. (2021, August 31). Improving school after-class services: New requirements for “Double Reduction” policy implementation. Zhejiang Online. https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/202108/t20210831_23025611.shtml
Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education. (2021). Implementation plan for reducing homework and extracurricular training burdens for compulsory education students in Zhejiang Province. https://jyt.zj.gov.cn/module/download/downfile.jsp?classid=0&filename=839d9005af21446197118b9742b506ba.doc
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
I (we) submit this article which is original and unpublished, of my (our) own authorship, to the evaluation of the Veredas do Direito Journal, and agree that the related copyrights will become exclusive property of the Journal, being prohibited any partial or total copy in any other part or other printed or online communication vehicle dissociated from the Veredas do Direito Journal, without the necessary and prior authorization that should be requested in writing to Editor in Chief. I (we) also declare that there is no conflict of interest between the articles theme, the author (s) and enterprises, institutions or individuals.
I (we) recognize that the Veredas do Direito Journal is licensed under a CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
