RECONCEPTUALIZING JUDICIAL PARDON (RECHTERLIJKE PARDON) IN THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL CODE: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF JUDGES AS GUARDIANS OF SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.6470Palabras clave:
Judicial Pardon, Rechterlijke Pardon, National Criminal Code, Artificial Intelligence, Restorative JusticeResumen
This article examines the urgency of reconceptualizing the judicial pardon norm (rechterlijke pardon) within Indonesia’s National Criminal Code (KUHP) in the context of rapid digital transformation and technological advancement. Judicial pardon grants judges the discretion to refrain from imposing punishment, even when the defendant’s conduct formally fulfills the elements of a criminal offense, based on considerations of humanity, proportionality, and social justice. This study aims to analyze the relevance and application of judicial pardon in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly as AI technologies are increasingly utilized in crime prevention, predictive policing, and biometric-based offender identification. This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that while AI significantly enhances efficiency in law enforcement and contributes to crime detection and prevention, its rigid application especially when heavily reliant on technological evidence, risks marginalizing the humanistic dimension of justice. Accordingly, the reconceptualization of judicial pardon becomes essential to provide clearer normative guidelines for judges in balancing the efficiency of AI-driven law enforcement with the principles of restorative justice and the protection of human rights. Such integration ensures that the criminal justice system does not operate in a purely mechanical and repressive manner, but remains humane, proportional, and socially responsive. Furthermore, strengthening the judicial pardon norm in the context of AI development serves as a safeguard against the potential misuse of technology, reinforces judicial independence, and ensures that justice remains grounded in human dignity as the fundamental value of law.
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