PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES): THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.6010Palabras clave:
Small and Medium-Sized Business, Employee Retention, Work-Life Balance, Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, Psychological Well-BeingResumen
La estabilidad laboral constituye una preocupación estratégica para las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME), especialmente ante la persistente escasez de mano de obra y la alta rotación de personal. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar cómo factores psicológicos, como el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y personal y el empoderamiento, afectan el bienestar psicológico y la satisfacción laboral de los empleados, y cómo estos, a través del compromiso organizacional, influyen en la retención de personal.
Los datos se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios aplicados a empleados de pequeñas y medianas empresas, y los efectos directos e indirectos entre las variables se analizaron mediante el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Los resultados indican que el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y personal y la autonomía laboral tienen un efecto positivo estadísticamente significativo en el bienestar psicológico (R² = 0,660) y la satisfacción laboral (R² = 0,723) de los empleados. Además, se observó que estos estados psicológicos ejercen un fuerte efecto mediador en la retención de personal a través del compromiso organizacional (R² = 0,556). Los resultados del estudio demuestran que el compromiso organizacional es una variable mediadora clave entre los factores psicológicos y la retención de empleados, con implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el comportamiento de las pequeñas y medianas empresas y para la gestión de recursos humanos.
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