FREQUENCY OF GBS (GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME) WITH POST-COVID AND LONG COVID DISEASE IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN CHILDREN HOSPITAL LAHORE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5974Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Post-COVID Syndrome, Long COVID, Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS), Peripheral Neuropathy, Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), Immune-Mediated NeuropathyResumen
Background: A very broad range of neurological complications has been linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neuropathy which is on the rise after COVID-19 infection. Nonetheless, there is few data on its occurrence in children, especially in post-COVID and long COVID. Objective: To find the prevalence of post-COVID and long COVID disease in children hospitalized with GBS in The Children’s Hospital Lahore (CHL). Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in the Department of Neurology, CHL, from October 2025 to Jan 2026. Eighty-seven cases of GBS in children of 2-18 years were included using consecutive sampling. The exposure to COVID-19 was proven by antibody testing (IgM/IgG). The patients were identified with post-COVID (212 weeks) and long COVID (>12 weeks). The SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze data. Results: In the case of 87 children with GBS, a major percentage of participants had previous exposure to COVID-19. The number of cases post-COVID was higher than the cases of long COVID. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in age groups and post-COVID GBS (p ≤ 0.05) but no significant difference in gender. Conclusion: Pediatric populations are characterized by post-COVID neurological complications, especially the GBS. Childhood GBS should be diagnosed and treated promptly, and this is only possible through early detection and surveillance of COVID-19 patients.
Citas
Siracusa, L., Cascio, A., Giordano, S. et al. Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2021;47, 123.
Mussinatto I, Benevenuta C, Caci A, Calvo MM, Impastato M, Barra M, Genovese E, Timeus F. Possible association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23;24(1):462.
Pimentel V, Luchsinger VW, Carvalho GL, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19: a systematic review. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023;28:100578.
Shang P, Zhu M, Wang Y, Zheng X, Wu X, Zhu J, Feng J, Zhang HL. Axonal variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update. J Neurol. 2021;268(7):2402-2419.
Aljomah L., Almedlej S., Baarmah D., Altwaijri W., Alrumayyan A., Alrifai M., et al. Pediatrics COVID-19 and neurological manifestations: single tertiary centre experience. eNeurol Sci 2021;24:100355.
Sánchez-Morales A., Urrutia-Osorio M., Camacho-Mendoza E., Rosales-Pedraza G., Dávila-Maldonado L., González-Duarte A., et al. Neurological manifestations temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients in Mexico. Childs Nerv Syst 2021;37:2305-12.
Barroso E, Tuta-Quintero E, Olivella J, Aragón C, Vásquez L, Acosta L, Pinzón O, et al. Síndrome de Guillain Barré en población pediátrica.¿ Consecuencia de la infección activa o de la covid prolongada?. Revist Colombiana Reumatol 2022;29(4):335-46.
Ray STJ, Abdel-Mannan O, Sa M, et al. Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2021;5(9):631-41.
Radišić V, Ždraljević M, Perić S, Mladenović B, Ralić B, Jovanović DR, et al. Is there a difference between GBS triggered by COVID-19 and those of other origins?. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg 2022;58(1):54.
Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al. Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2574–2576.
Keddie S, Pakpoor J, Mouseley C, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 associated Guillain–Barré syndrome. Brain. 2021;144(12):3694–3702.
Say D, Crawford N, McNab S, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes in children and adolescents. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021;5(12):863–872.
Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Guillain–Barré syndrome. Lancet. 2016;388:717–727.
Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology. Brain. 2020;143(10):3104–3120.
Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Guillain–Barré syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021;57:55.
Dalakas MC. Guillain–Barré syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16:443–445.
Abrams R, Walensky RP, Del Rio C, et al. COVID-19 and neurological complications. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(10):1201–1202.
NINDS/NIH. Guillain–Barré Syndrome Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH. 2022.
CDC. Post-COVID conditions among children and adolescents. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
I (we) submit this article which is original and unpublished, of my (our) own authorship, to the evaluation of the Veredas do Direito Journal, and agree that the related copyrights will become exclusive property of the Journal, being prohibited any partial or total copy in any other part or other printed or online communication vehicle dissociated from the Veredas do Direito Journal, without the necessary and prior authorization that should be requested in writing to Editor in Chief. I (we) also declare that there is no conflict of interest between the articles theme, the author (s) and enterprises, institutions or individuals.
I (we) recognize that the Veredas do Direito Journal is licensed under a CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0


