BOOSTS TO SUCCESSFUL PLATFORMS WITH TECHNOLOGY OR BUSINESS MODEL: SOME EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n2.4496Palabras clave:
Application, Technology, Innovation, Business Model, PlatformResumen
The Nobel Prize in Economics 2014 announcement has officially awakened the business theory states the advanced characteristics of business platform models. It contributes to the precise explanation for practically successful business applications mainly from perspectives of new business models’ justified features instead of technology. Even though denying the importance of technology and traditional business strategies is challenging, some evidence from Vietnam shows that apps may lose their business projects when they run without a clear perception and consumption of the platform’s beneficial characteristics and advantages. The laws and policies on digital business, particularly platforms, must highlight these new business models’ merits to support them while making essential regulations and restrictions.
Citas
Adam, M., Kee, D. M. H., Junaina, I., Fadhilah, N., Uwais, N., Rashidi, F. A., … Pandey, R. (2020). The Influence of Customer Satisfaction on Grab Services in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific (IJTHAP), 3(2), 26–37.
Ambrus, A., & Argenziano, R. (2009). Asymmetric Networks in Two-Sided Markets. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 1(1), 17–52.
An Nhien. (2022, April 14). “Gộp taxi công nghệ với taxi truyền thống: Cần trọng tài cho sân chơi bình đẳng” [Combining technology taxis with traditional taxis: Need referees for a level playing field]. Diendandoanhnghiep.vn. Retrieved from https://diendandoanhnghiep.vn/gop-taxi-cong-nghe-voi-taxi-truyen-thong-can-trong-tai-cho-san-choi-binh-dang-10063779.html
Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in Two-Sided Markets. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37(3), 668–691.
Armstrong, M., & Wright, J. (2007). Two-sided markets, competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts. Economic Theory, 32(2), 353–380.
Bala, K., & Bagga, S. (2016). Uber Referral: Successful Marketing Strategy. Journal of Commerce & Business Studies, 3(1).
Bao Bao. (2020, May 17). Cựu CEO Facebook VN nói về case WeFit [The former CEO of Facebook VN talked about the WeFit case]. The CafeF. Retrieved from https://cafef.vn/cuu-ceo-facebook-vn-noi-ve-case-wefit-thu-tien-truoc-cua-nguoi-tap-cung-la-hinh-thuc-huy-dong-von-khong-the-de-tieng-noi-sang-tao-cua-startup-lan-at-niem-tin-nguoi-dung-20200517180153056.chn
Bardey, D., Cremer, H., & Lozachmeur, J.-M. (2014). Competition in Two-Sided Markets with Common Network Externalities. Review of Industrial Organization, 44(4), 327–345.
Binh An. (2020, November 5). Từng được kỳ vọng trở thành Unicorn của Việt Nam, vì đâu WeFit phải tuyên bố phá sản? [Once expected to become the Unicorn of Vietnam, why did WeFit have to declare bankruptcy?]. The CafeF. Retrieved from https://cafebiz.vn/tung-duoc-ky-vong-tro-thanh-unicorn-cua-viet-nam-vi-dau-wefit-phai-tuyen-bo-pha-san-20200511111218763.chn
Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. M. (2003). Chicken and egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. RAND Journal of Economics, 34 (2), 309–328.
Chen, Y., & Wang, L. (2019). Commentary: Marketing and the Sharing Economy: Digital Economy and Emerging Market Challenges. Journal of Marketing, 83(5).
Costello, J. P., & Reczek, R. W. (2020). Providers Versus Platforms: Marketing Communications in the Sharing Economy. Journal of Marketing, 84(6), 22–38.
Dao, T. K., Bui, A. T., Doan, T. T. T., Dao, N. T., Le, H. H., & Le, T. T. H. (2021). Impact of academic majors on entrepreneurial intentions of Vietnamese students: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Heliyon, 7(3), e06381.
Dudley, G., Banister, D., & Schwanen, T. (2017). The Rise of Uber and Regulating the Disruptive Innovator. The Political Quarterly, 88(3), 492–499.
E. Glen Weyl. (2006). The Price Theory of Two-Sided Market [Working Paper]. US.
Edelman, B. G. (2015). Whither Uber?: Competitive Dynamics in Transportation Networks. Competition Policy International, 1.
Evans, D. S. (2003). The antitrust economics of multi-sided platform markets—EconBiz. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20(2), 325–382.
Evans, D. S., & Noel, M. D. (2007). Defining Markets that Involve Multi-Sided Platform Businesses: An Empirical Framework With an Application to Google’s Purchase of DoubleClick [Working Paper 07-18]. London and California: Reg-Markets Center.
Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2013). The Antitrust Analysis of Multi-Sided Platform Businesses (Working Paper No. 18783). National Bureau of Economic Research-NBER.
Grab VN. (2025, March 14). Quy chế hoạt động và Điều khoản sử dụng [Operating Regulations and Terms of Use]. Retrieved January 17, 2026, from https://www.grab.com/vn/terms-wip/
Grab website. (2017, June 6). Grab Celebrates Fifth Anniversary and Significant User Milestones. Retrieved October 23, 2021, from Grab VN website: https://www.grab.com/vn/en/press/business/grab-ky-niem-5-nam-thanh-lap/
Ha My. (2017, September 27). Mất hàng chục năm để xây dựng đội ngũ, Uber và Grab xuất hiện đã khiến Mai Linh và Vinasun phải cắt hợp đồng 14.000 người chỉ trong 6 tháng [It took dozens of years to build the team, the emergence of Uber and Grab causes Mai Linh and Vinasun to cut off 14,000 labor contracts in just 6 months]. Tri thuc tre online. Retrieved from http://ttvn.vn/kinh-doanh/mat-hang-chuc-nam-de-xay-dung-doi-ngu-uber-va-grab-xuat-hien-da-khien-mai-linh-va-vinasun-phai-cat-hop-dong-14000-nguoi-chi-trong-6-thang-52017279163143553.htm
Huyen Trang. (2020, December 17). “Cơ quan thuế nên coi Grab là bên thứ ba,” [Tax authorities should consider Grab as a third party]. Diendandoanhnghiep.vn. Retrieved from https://diendandoanhnghiep.vn/co-quan-thue-nen-coi-grab-la-ben-thu-ba-10077268.html
Kumar, V., Lahiri, A., & Dogan, O. B. (2018). A strategic framework for a profitable business model in the sharing economy. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 147–160.
Lac D. (2020, December 24). Grab và tài xế: Mối quan hệ “nửa vời” giữa hợp đồng hợp tác kinh doanh và lao động? ["Grab and Drivers: The “Half-Hearted” Relationship Between Business and Labor Cooperation Contracts?]. Tạp chí Kinh tế Sài Gòn. Retrieved from https://thesaigontimes.vn/grab-va-tai-xe-moi-quan-he-nua-voi-giua-hop-dong-hop-tac-kinh-doanh-va-lao-dong/
Lan Anh. (2021, January 10). Những chuỗi phòng gym nào đã mở lại ở TP.HCM? [Which gym chains have reopened in HCMC?]. ZingNews. Retrieved from https://zingnews.vn/zingnews-post1267741.html
Lan Huong. (2020, May 11). WeFit: Từ tham vọng dẫn đầu đến phá sản cay đắng [WeFit: From ambition to the bitter bankruptcy]. VTC News online. Retrieved from https://vtc.vn/wefit-tu-tham-vong-dan-dau-den-pha-san-cay-dang-ar545306.html
Laurell, C., & Sandström, C. (2016). Analysing Uber in social media: Disruptive technology or institutional disruption? International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(5).
Lin, M., Li, S., & Whinston, A. B. (2011). Innovation and Price Competition in a Two-Sided Market. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(2), 171–202.
Lobel, O. (2016). The Law of the Platform. Minnesota Law Review, 87, 81.
Luan, X., Cheng, L., Zhou, Y., & Tang, F. (2018). Strategies of Car-Sharing Promotion in Real Market. 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE), 159–163. Singapore: IEEE Xplore.
Mai Phuong. (2020, December 5). Ứng dụng phòng tập WeFit nộp đơn xin phá sản: Khách hàng mất tiền? [Gym app WeFit files for bankruptcy: Customers lose money?]. Thanh Nien Online. Retrieved from https://thanhnien.vn/ung-dung-phong-tap-wefit-nop-don-xin-pha-san-khach-hang-mat-tien-post954934.html
Min, S., So, K. K. F., & Jeong, M. (2019). Consumer adoption of the Uber mobile application: Insights from diffusion of innovation theory and technology acceptance model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(7), 770–783.
Ministry of Planning and Investment. (2021, October 23). Products on a specific enterprise [Information Services]. Retrieved October 23, 2021, from Information Services webpage for business registration website: https://dichvuthongtin.dkkd.gov.vn/inf/Forms/Products/ProductCatalog.aspx?h=76fb
MoT. Quyết định số 24/QĐ-BGTVT [Decision No. 24/QD-BGTVT]. , (2016).
Nam Hai. (2017, February 21). Uber biến đổi và mánh kinh doanh bị xem “trái quy định” ở Việt Nam [Uber transforms and business tricks are considered “illegal” in Vietnam]. VietNamNet. Retrieved from https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/dau-tu/hanh-trinh-uber-vao-viet-nam-357555.html
Ngo T. D. (2022, September 2). Hành trình 25 năm của Internet Việt Nam [25-year journey of Vietnam Internet]. Znews.vn. Retrieved from https://znews.vn/znews-post1351631.html
Ngoc Lan. (2018, March 27). Luật Cạnh tranh và thương vụ Grab-Uber [Competition Law and Grab-Uber deal]. The Saigon Times Online. Retrieved from https://www.thesaigontimes.vn/270623/Luat-Canh-tranh-va-thuong-vu-Grab-Uber.html
Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Tran, P. T. K., Su, D. N., Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., & Johnson, L. W. (2021). The formation of passenger loyalty: Differences between ride-hailing and traditional taxi services. Travel Behaviour and Society, 24, 218–230.
OECD. (2009). Two side markets. OECD.
Parker, G. G., & Van Alstyne, M. W. (2005). Two-Sided Network Effects: A Theory of Information Product Design. Management Science, 51(10), 1494–1504.
Pham, T. N. (2017). The Impactions of the Global Sharing Economy Enterprises to Vietnam. In International Conference Proceedings: Vol. EIEB 2017. International conference: Emerging issues in economics and business in the context of international integration. Hanoi, Vietnam: National Economics University Press.
Phuong Dong. (2017, June 22). Vinasun: Hơn 4.000 lao động nghỉ việc vì Uber, Grab [Vinasun: More than 4,000 employees quit their jobs because of Uber and Grab]. VnExpress. Retrieved from https://vnexpress.net/kinh-doanh/vinasun-hon-4-000-lao-dong-nghi-viec-vi-uber-grab-3603038.html
Prime Minister. Công văn số 1850/TTg-KTN [Official Letter No. 1850/TTg-KTN]. , (2015).
Prime Minister. Chỉ thị 01/CT-TTg 2020 [Directive 01/CT-TTg 2020]. , (2020).
PV. (2020, May 12). WeFit: Hành trình 4 năm từ một start-up triệu đô đến tuyên bố phá sản [WeFit, the 4-year journey: From a million dollar start-up to the bankruptcy]. VTV online. Retrieved from https://vtv.vn/kinh-te/wefit-hanh-trinh-4-nam-tu-mot-start-up-trieu-do-den-tuyen-bo-pha-san-20200512124205031.htm
Rochet, J. C., & Tirole, J. (2008). Tying in two-sided markets and the honor all cards rule. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(6), 1333–1347.
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2002). Cooperation among Competitors: Some Economics of Payment Card Associations. The RAND Journal of Economics, 33(4), 549–570.
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029.
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006). Two-Sided Markets: A Progress Report. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37(3), 645–667.
Rogers, B. (2015). The Social Costs of Uber. University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue, 82, 85.
Schmalensee, R., & Evans, D. S. (2007). Industrial Organization of Markets with Two-Sided Platforms. Competition Policy International, 3(1), 151–179.
So KamFung [So, K. F. K., HaeMoon, O., & SoMang, M. (2018). Motivations and constraints of Airbnb consumers: Findings from a mixed-methods approach. Tourism Management, 67, 224–236.
T.D.V. (2017, April 10). WeFit—Giải pháp cho bài toán chi phí phòng tập [WeFit—A Solution to Cost Problem for Gym]. Tuoi Tre Online. Retrieved from https://tuoitre.vn/wefit-giai-phap-cho-bai-toan-chi-phi-phong-tap-20171004145258826.htm
Thao Nguyen. (2017, October 10). Vinasun trượt dài từ thị phần vận tải đến chứng khoán. ZingNews.vn. Retrieved from https://zingnews.vn/zingnews-post786115.html
To H. (2022, April 28). “Có nên gộp taxi truyền thống và taxi công nghệ?” [Should traditional taxis and technology taxis be combined?]. SKĐS. Retrieved from https://suckhoedoisong.vn/co-nen-gop-taxi-truyen-thong-va-taxi-cong-nghe-169220428162652951.htm
Tomassetti, J. (2016). Does Uber Redefine the Firm: The Postindustrial Corporation and Advanced Information Technology. Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal, 34, 1.
Tran B. V. (2017, September 10). Vì đâu Vinasun và Mai Linh đánh mất mình? [Why did Vinasun and Mai Linh lose themselves?]. The Leader. Retrieved from https://theleader.vn/vi-dau-vinasun-va-mai-linh-danh-mat-minh-20171009160515823.htm
Tran D. (2024, June 22). Thấy gì sau 10 năm taxi công nghệ vào Việt Nam? [What do you see after 10 years of technology taxis entering Vietnam]. Báo Xây dựng. Retrieved from https://baoxaydung.vn/thay-gi-sau-10-nam-taxi-cong-nghe-vao-viet-nam-192240621165115228.htm
Tran, H. N. (2015). Hiện tượng “taxi Grab/Uber” và vấn đề nhận diện chính sách [The phenomenon of ‘Grab/Uber taxi’ and the problem of policy identification]. The Legislative Studies, 21(301)(1), 41–50.
Tran T. H. (2019). Phát triển kinh tế chia sẻ tại Việt Nam trong bối cảnh cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 và một số khuyến nghị [Development of Sharing Economy in Vietnamese in the Context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and some Recommendations]. Journal of Science & Technology, 54, 7.
Tran, T. M. P. (2013). Enactment of Vietnam Competition Law 2004: A case study of harmonizing internal and external factors (Master). Victoria University of Wellington.
Truong, T. H. (2017, June 18). Kinh tế chia sẻ biến tướng? [Sharing economics has had variant types?]. The Weekly Magazine of The Youth. Retrieved from https://tuoitre.vn/kinh-te-chia-se-bien-tuong-1328091.htm
Truong, T. H. (2019). Suggestions for a repositioning of antimonopoly regulation under perspectives of dynamic competition regime. Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management, 3(3), 190–198.
Truong T. H. (2020a, February 29). Về đâu, taxi “công nghệ”? [Where are the “technological” taxis?]. Tạp chí Kinh tế Sài Gòn. Retrieved from https://thesaigontimes.vn/ve-dau-taxi-cong-nghe/
Truong, T. H. (2020b, May 22). Kinh tế chia sẻ nhìn từ Wefit: Sai lầm ngay từ cách tiếp cận [Sharing Economy Seen From Wefit: Mistakes From The Perception]. The Saigon Times. Retrieved from https://thesaigontimes.vn/kinh-te-chia-se-nhin-tu-wefit-sai-lam-ngay-tu-cach-tiep-can/
Truong, T. H., Đào, M. C., Phùng, T. K. H., Nguyễn, T. H. H., & Lê, T. H. T. (2016). Kinh doanh lưỡng diện và một số vấn đề liên quan đến pháp luật cạnh tranh [two-sided business và một số vấn đề liên quan đến pháp luật cạnh tranh]. Legislative Studies, 23(327)(1), 51–58.
Vân P. T. C. (2022). Pháp luật và thực tiễn hoạt động cung ứng dịch vụ vận tải taxi công nghệ [Law and Practice of Providing Technology Taxi Transportation Services,]. PROCEEDINGS, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.proc.vi.17.3.2488.2022
VCC. The acquisition of Uber by Grab. , VCA (2019).
VIA. (2013, 44 Ngày 04/11). Lịch sử và những mốc son phát triển Internet Việt Nam [History and milestones of Internet development in Vietnam]. Retrieved April 10, 2025, from Lịch sử và những mốc son phát triển Internet Việt Nam website: http://via.org.vn/Lich-su-va-nhung-moc-son-phat-trien-Internet-Viet-Nam
Vien Thong. (2020, November 5). Sự sụp đổ của “ý tưởng đẹp nhưng thực hiện ngây thơ” [The fall of the ’beautiful idea but naive execution’]. Vnexpres. Retrieved from https://vnexpress.net/wefit-su-sup-do-cua-y-tuong-dep-nhung-thuc-hien-ngay-tho-4097771.html
Viljoen, S., Goldenfein, J., & McGuigan, L. (2021). Design choices: Mechanism design and platform capitalism. Big Data & Society, 8(2), 20539517211034312.
Vinasun v. Grab. , 1910/2018/KDTM-ST (Ho Chi Minh City Court 28112 2018).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 21/1997/ND-CP [Decree 21/1997/ND-CP]. , (1997).
VN Central Government. Nghị định số 55/2001/NĐ-CP [Decree 55/2001/NĐ-CP]. , (2001).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 86/2014/ND-CP [Decree 86/2014/ND-CP]. , (2014).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 10/2020/NĐ-CP [Decree 10/2020/ND-CP]. , (2020).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 126/2020/ND [Decree 126/2020/ND-CP]. , (2020).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 85/2021/ND-CP [Decree 85/2021/ND-CP]. , (2021).
VN Central Government. Nghị định 158/2024/NĐ-CP [Decree 158/2024/ND-CP]. , (2024).
VN Communist Party. Nghị quyết số 52-NQ/TW [Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW]. , (2019).
VN Gneneral Department of Taxation. Công văn 5270/TCT-DNNCN 2020 [Official Letter No. 5270/TCT-DNNCN]. , (2023).
Vu Khanh. (2020, May 13). California Fitness & Yoga ưu đãi khách hàng WeFit [California Fitness & Yoga offers its promotion to WeFit’s Customer]. VnExpress. Retrieved from https://vnexpress.net/california-fitness-amp-yoga-uu-dai-khach-hang-wefit-4098753.html
Vu, T. (2016). Enhancing the Vietnamese market presence of the case company Uber Vietnam by implementing a partnership strategy (Bachelor). Hämeen ammattikorkeakoulu, Finland.
Vu, T.-H., Nguyen, V.-D., Ho, M.-T., & Vuong, Q.-H. (2019). Determinants of Vietnamese Listed Firm Performance: Competition, Wage, CEO, Firm Size, Age, and International Trade. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12(2), 62.
Weyl, E. G. (2010). A Price Theory of Multi-Sided Platforms. The American Economic Review, 100(4), 1642–1672.
Widiyanto, G., Pujiarti, P., & Wibowo, F. P. (2021). The Influence of Price, Service Quality, and Promotion Against Decision Users Transportation Online (Grab) in Jakarta. Primanomics : Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 19(2), 62–69.
Widyatama, G. W., Chelliah, S., Kai, Y., Yingxing, Y., Tien, Y. C., Mey, W. C., & Sin, L. G. (2020). Grab Marketing Strategy, Research & Development. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific (IJTHAP), 3(2), 97–104.
Wright, J. (2004). One-sided Logic in Two-sided Markets. Review of Network Economics, 3(1).
Yunus, E., Susilo, D., Riyadi, S., Indrasari, M., & Putranto, T. D. (2019). The effectiveness marketing strategy for ride-sharing transportation: Intersecting social media, technology, and innovation. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(2), 1424–1434.
Zhu, G., So, K. K. F., & Hudson, S. (2017). Inside the sharing economy: Understanding consumer motivations behind the adoption of mobile applications. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(9), 2218–2239.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
I (we) submit this article which is original and unpublished, of my (our) own authorship, to the evaluation of the Veredas do Direito Journal, and agree that the related copyrights will become exclusive property of the Journal, being prohibited any partial or total copy in any other part or other printed or online communication vehicle dissociated from the Veredas do Direito Journal, without the necessary and prior authorization that should be requested in writing to Editor in Chief. I (we) also declare that there is no conflict of interest between the articles theme, the author (s) and enterprises, institutions or individuals.
I (we) recognize that the Veredas do Direito Journal is licensed under a CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0



