COMPARATIVE IMPACTS OF WIND, SOLAR, HYDRO, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON SUSTAINABILITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n6.3913Palabras clave:
Green Energy, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Hydropower, Renewable Energy, Sustainable DevelopmentResumen
This study investigates how different forms of green energy contribute to sustainable development across 77 countries from 2005 to 2023. Using a Bayesian regression framework, the analysis distinguishes the effects of wind, solar, hydropower and total renewable energy consumption, allowing for a clearer understanding of how each energy source shapes sustainability outcomes. The Bayesian approach provides flexible inference, accounts for parameter uncertainty and overcomes limitations associated with traditional frequentist methods. The results show that wind and solar energy exert the strongest and most consistent positive effects on the Sustainable Development Goals Index, supported by high posterior probability. Total renewable energy also demonstrates a positive influence, though with a smaller magnitude. Hydropower displays a positive but highly uncertain effect, indicating that its contribution is sensitive to ecological and country specific factors. The probability estimates highlight the robustness of wind and solar energy, while also revealing that inflation and population growth are likely to hinder sustainability progress. These findings underscore the importance of prioritising wind and solar deployment, improving the composition of national energy portfolios and maintaining macroeconomic stability. Overall, the study provides new Bayesian evidence on the heterogeneous role of green energy in advancing global sustainable development.
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