HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE REINFECTION AMONG CHILDREN IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM, 2017–2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n5.3733Palabras clave:
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, Reinfection, Enterovirus, Children, Epidemiology, VietnamResumen
Objectives: To describe the temporal and epidemiological characteristics of HFMD reinfection and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with reinfection among children in Ca Mau Province, southern Vietnam, from 2017 to 2023. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 2017–2023 surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Ca Mau and Bac Lieu provinces, now administratively unified as Ca Mau Province. All reported HFMD cases diagnosed according to Ministry of Health guidelines were included. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed using Stata 16.0 to determine factors associated with reinfection. Results: Among 30,174 HFMD cases, 912 (3.0%) were identified as reinfections. Reinfections occurred year-round, peaking in October–November, with moderate seasonal variation (coefficient of variation = 0.92). The mean interval between the first and second episodes was 419.8 ± 377.7 days. Reinfection was significantly associated with age 24–59 months (OR = 5.75; 95% CI: 3.78–8.76), male sex (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.36), rural residence (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65–0.90 for urban), and epidemic year (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.39–1.85) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HFMD reinfection remains a persistent public health concern in southern Vietnam, characterized by seasonal clustering and repeated infections among preschool-aged children. Enhanced surveillance, hygiene promotion in childcare facilities, and development of multi-serotype vaccines are essential to mitigate recurrent HFMD transmission in endemic regions.
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