ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE AGONISTAS DO RECEPTOR GLP-1 E DESFECHOS CARDIOMETABÓLICOS NA OBESIDADE: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.6237Keywords:
Obesidade, GLP-1, Semaglutida, Perda de PesoAbstract
OBJETIVO: Mapear e analisar as evidências científicas sobre o uso de agonistas do receptor de GLP-1 no manejo da obesidade e as lacunas existentes na literatura. MÉTODOS: Revisão de escopo realizada entre janeiro e março de 2026, conduzida conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute e o PRISMA-ScR, com protocolo registrado na Open Science Framework. Utilizou-se a estratégia PCC: adultos com obesidade ou excesso de peso em manejo clínico; uso de agonistas do receptor de GLP-1; e manejo clínico da obesidade em diferentes cenários assistenciais. As buscas foram realizadas em PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library e Google Acadêmico. Incluíram-se estudos completos dos últimos cinco anos, em todos os idiomas, com foco em efeitos clínicos, aplicações terapêuticas e implicações no controle ponderal. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram incluídos 12 estudos. As evidências demonstram que os agonistas do receptor de GLP-1, especialmente a semaglutida, promovem perda de peso significativa e sustentada, além de benefícios cardiometabólicos relevantes, incluindo melhora glicêmica e reversão de pré-diabetes. Formulações injetáveis e orais mostraram eficácia em diferentes populações, inclusive adolescentes e grupos asiáticos. Entretanto, a suspensão do tratamento associa-se à recuperação ponderal e à perda parcial dos benefícios metabólicos. Estudos de vida real confirmam parte desses efeitos, mas revelam baixa adesão e persistência terapêutica como barreiras centrais. CONCLUSÃO: Os agonistas do receptor de GLP-1 configuram estratégia eficaz no manejo da obesidade, mas sua efetividade depende de uso contínuo, adesão sustentada e integração com estratégias de cuidado longitudinal e personalizado.
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