EFFECT OF FOREIGN FINANCE ON SME’S PRODUCTIVITYIN LAGOS, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n2.4509Palavras-chave:
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Foreign Finance, SMEs Performance, ProductivityResumo
This study explored the effect of foreign finance on the productivity of SMEs in Lagos State Nigeria. Adopting Pecking Order Theory and the Resource-Based Theory, the study hypothesised links between foreign finance and SMEs performance variable. The study employed a survey design using random sampling technique with 361 sample size out of a population of 5,344. Primary data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale distributed through hard and electronic means to SMEs in Lagos State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics with regression analysis were employed to examine the five hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The overall findings revealed that foreign finance elements of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign venture capital (FVC), foreign loan (FL) and foreign grant (FG) had significant positive effect on the performance of SMEs in Lagos Statewith foreign grant leading the park. Size of the firm has no significant effect on SMEs performance. The study concluded that change foreign finance elements have significant effects on SMEs productivity in Lagos State. SMEs can draw insight from this study to engage in structuring their business to attract foreign investors. It is recommended that SMEs should make themselves attractive to foreign investors and grantors by structuring their companies and improve on their reporting process.
Referências
Adegboye, A. C., & Iweriebor, S. (2018). Does access to finance enhance SME innovation and productivity in Nigeria? Evidence from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. African Development Review, 30(4), 449-461.
Adeniran, A. O. (2025). Understanding Cronbach’s Alpha in Social and Management Studies. Current Science Research Bulletin, 2 (2), 11-16. Available on: https://csrbjournal.org/index.php/csrb
Adeniran, A. O. (2019). Application of Likert Scale’s Type and Cronbach’s Alpha Analysis in an Airport Perception Study. Scholar Journal of Applied Science Research, 2(4), 01-05.
Adeniran, A. O., Asifat, J. T., Familusi, O. B., & Folorunso, S. S. (2024). Critical Analysis of Research Methods and Misperceptions of Statistical Analysis. International Journal of Innovation in Management Economics and Social Sciences, 4(3), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.59615/ijimes.4.3.29
Adeniran, A., O., & Fakunle, O., S. (2025). Adoption of Likert-Type Scales for Airline Service Quality Assessment. Systemic Analytics, 3(1), 20-26.
Adeniran, A. O., & Obembe, O. E. (2020). The Significance of Strategic Management Accounting on the Performance of Transport Businesses in Nigeria. Insights into Regional Development, 2(3), 677-688. https://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2020.2.3(5)
Adeniran, A.O., & Olorunfemi, S.O. (2020). The Essence of Knowledge Management in the Air Transportation Sector. International Journal of Human Capital and Urban Management, 5(2): 175-186.
Adeniran, A. O., Stephens, M. S., & Akinsehinwa, F. O. (2020). Factor Analysis of Passengers’ Satisfaction at Murtala Muhammed Airport (MMA2). Aeronautics and Aerospace Open Access Journal, 4(1):13‒24. DOI: 10.15406/aaoaj.2020.04.00101
Adeniran, A. O., & Tayo-Ladega, O. (2024). Critical Analysis of Phenomenological Research Design in a Qualitative Research Method. Management Analytics and Social Insights, 1(2), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.22105/ad338t15
Adetayo, A. O., Ilugbami, O. J., Olorunfemi, S. O., & Ojo, T. K. (2024). Analysis of Paratransit Crimes in Akure, Nigeria. Discover Global Society, 2:35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-024-00056-6
Adetayo, A. O., Olorunfemi, S. O., Akinsehinwa, F. O., & Azrour, M. (2024). “Google Trend Analysis of Airport Passenger Throughputs: Case Study of Murtala Muhammed International Airport”, Azrour, M. Mabrouki, J. Guezzaz, A. and Benkirane, S. (Ed.) Blockchain and Machine Learning for IoT Security, Pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003438779-1
Adetayo, A. O., Olorunfemi, S. O., & Njoku, I. (2022). Modelling Minicab Drivers’ Disordered Behaviour for Choosing Passenger and Destination In Akure, Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS), 11(1),19-28 DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v11.i1.pp19-28
Adeyinka, Ad. J., Abdulkarim, M., & Odi, N. (2019). Implications of Development Bank Finance on the Growth and Development of Msmes in Nigeria (2010-2017). Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 3(3), 28-48. http://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.3(3).28-48.2019.
Akinwale, S. O., Adekunle, E. O., & Obagunwa, T. B. (2018). Foreign direct investment inflow and agricultural sector productivity in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(4), 12-19.
Alraja, M. N., Hammami, S., & Al Samman, H. M. (2016). Investment in ICT in developing countries: The effect of FDI: Evidences from Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1632–1636.
Aluko, T. O., & Bayai, I. (2023). Grant Amount and Firm Revenue Performance: Moderating Effects of Government Financial Support Scheme. Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, 11(1), 46-57.
Awaad, S. M. (2022). The Impact of Inward Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers on Small and Medium Enterprise Performance. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 7(12).
Bacovic, M. (2021). Domestic vs Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Productivity in Southeast Europe. Academia Letters, 2(1), 33-46.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
Bartolacci, F., Caputo, A., & Soverchia, M. (2020). Sustainability and financial performance of small and medium sized enterprises: A bibliometric and systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1297–1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2434
Bebczuk, R. N., and Haimovich, F. (2007). MDGs and microcredit: an empirical evaluation for Latin American countries, CEDLAS Working Paper No. 049, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2005). SMEs, growth, and poverty: cross- country evidence. Journal of Economic Growth, 10(3), 199-229.
Bigos, K., & Michalik, A. (2023). The role of foreign venture capital and foreign business angels in start-ups’ early internationalization: The case of Polish ICT start-ups. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 11(4), 139-153.
Berhe, E., Abebe, B., & Azene, D. (2017). A new perspective to productivity measurement. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(1-2), 205-217. Biney, C. O. (2018). Impact of Venture Capital Financing on SMEs’ Growth and Development in Ghana (Doctoral dissertation, Lincoln University).
Bradley, S. W., Kim, P. H., Klein, P. G., McMullen, J. S., & Wennberg, K. (2021). Policy for innovative entrepreneurship: Institutions, interventions, and societal challenges. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 15(2), 167-184.
Burgstaller, J., & Wagner, E. (2015). How do family ownership and founder management affect capital structure decisions and adjustment of SMEs? Evidence from a bank-based economy. Journal of Risk Finance, 16(1), 73-101.
Charoenrat, T., & Harvie, C. (2014). The efficiency of SMEs in Thai manufacturing: A stochastic frontier analysis. Economic Modelling, 43, 372-393.
Chodisetty, D. R. C. M., & Babu, P. P. R. (2022). Effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Indian Economic Growth with Special reference Telecommunication Sector-An Empirical Analysis-An Empirical Evidence. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, XIV(III), 766-782
Christian, B.C. (2018). The impact of venture capital financing on SMEs growth and development in Ghana. Business Economics Journal, 9, 370.
Daskalakis, N., Eriotis, N., Thanou, E. and Vasiliou, D. (2014). Capital structure and size: new evidence across the broad spectrum of SMEs. Managerial Finance, 40(12), 1207-1222.
Dvouletý, O., Srhoj, S., & Pantea, S. (2020). Public SME grants and firm performance in European Union: A systematic review of empirical evidence. Small Business Economics, 57(1),243-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00306-x
Ekienabor, E., Aguwamba, S., & Liman, N. (2016). Foreign direct investment and its effect on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(5), 671-679.
Edeh, C. E., Eze, C. G., & Ugwuanyi, S. O. (2020). Impact of foreign direct investment on the
Fowowe, B. (2017). Access to finance and firm performance: Evidence from African countries. Review of development finance, 7(1), 6-17.
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics. McGraw-hill.
Harash, E., Al-Timimi, S., & Alsaadi, J. (2014). The influence of finance on performance of small and medium enterprises (SMES). Technology, 4(3), 161-167.
Kehinde, O. J., Abiodun, A. J., Adegbuyi, O., & Oladimeji, H. (2016). Small and medium scale enterprises: Pivotal to sustainable economic development: The Nigerian experience. International Journal of Current Research, 8(1), 1-10.
Kippa (2022). Nigeria MSME Report: Fuel for Africa’s next billion business. Retrieved on 5th October, 2023 from Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria. http://nigerianstat.gov.ng
Leitão, J., & Baptista, R. (2011). Inward FDI and ICT: are they a joint technological driver of entrepreneurship? International journal of technology transfer and commercialisation, 10(3-4), 268-288.
Memba, S.F. (2011). The Impact of Venture Capital finance on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprise in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(6), 00200-6200.
Misterek, S. D., Dooley, K. J., & Anderson, J. C. (1992). Productivity as a performance measure. International journal of Operations & Production management, 12(1), 29-45.
Moscalu, M., Moscalu, M., Girardone, C., & Calabrese, R. (2020). SMEs’ growth under financing constraints and banking markets integration in the euro area. Journal of Small Business Management, 58(4), 707-746.
Muraközy, B., & Telegdy, Á. (2023). The effects of EU-funded enterprise grants on firms and workers. Journal of Comparative Economics, 51(1), 216-234.
Myers, S.C. and Majluf, N.S. (1984), “Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have”, Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187-22
Nyathi, K. A., Nyoni, T., Nyoni, M., & Bonga, W. G. (2018). The role of accounting information in the success of small & medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe: A case of Harare. Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 01-15.
Nyikos, G., Béres, A., Laposa, T., & Závecz, G. (2020). Do financial instruments or grants have a bigger effect on SMEs’ access to finance? Evidence from Hungary. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(5), 667-685.
Olaniyi, A. A., Muraina, M. J., & Ngonadi, J. C. (2023). “Energy Consumption for Transportation in Sub-Sahara Africa”, ”, Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. (Ed.) Achieving Net Zero (Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility, Vol. 20), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, Pp. 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320230000020009.
Olaniyi, A. A., Olorunfemi, S.O., & Akanmu, A. A. (2025). “Exploring Sustainable E-Commerce Logistics Services for Customer Satisfaction”, Emmanuel, M. Ogochukwu, U. and Chinebuli, W. (Ed.) Transport Management Services in Africa, Vol. 1, Taylor & Francis, Pp. 30. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003560074-6
Olorunfemi, S. O., & Adeniran, A. O. (2024). “Impediment to Walking as a Form of Active Mobility in Akure, Nigeria”, Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. (Ed.) Society and Sustainability, Vol. 24, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, Pp.97-121.https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320240000024005
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2004). Foreign Direct Investment for Development. OECD. Retrieved on September 15, 2024 from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264199286-en
Okonkwo, N. O. & Obidike, C. P. (2016) Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Financing in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 4(1), 77-86.
Pasali, S. S., & Chaudhary, A. (2020). Assessing the impact of foreign ownership on firm performance by size: Evidence from firms in developed and developing countries. Transnational Corporations Journal, 27(2).
Piza, C., Cravo, T., Taylor, L., Gonzalez, L., Musse, I., Furtado, I., & Abdelnour, S. (2016). The Impact of Business Support Services for Small and Medium Enterprises on Firm Performance in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.
Peter, F., Adegbuyi, O., Olokundun, M., Peter, A. O., Amaihian, A. B., & Ibidunni, A. S. (2018). Government financial support and financial performance of SMEs. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17. http://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/2288/
Psillaki, M., & Daskalakis, N. (2009). Are the determinants of capital structure country or firm specific? Small Business Economics, 3, 319–333.
Radas, S., Anić, I. D., Tafro, A., & Wagner, V. (2015). The effects of public support schemes on small and medium enterprises. Technovation, 38, 15-30.
Rao, P., Kumar, S., Chavan, M., & Lim, W. M. (2021). A systematic literature review on SME financing: Trends and future directions. Journal of Small Business Management, 1-31.
Rawoof, H. A., Said, L. R., Irmak, E., Pelit, I., & Shabbir, M. S. (2023). The dynamic effects of foreign direct investment services and energy consumption on information and communication technology sector. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(5), 553-557.
Ruivo, P., Oliveira, T., & Neto, M. (2015). Using resource-based view theory to assess the value of ERP commercial-packages in SMEs. Computers in Industry, 73, 105-116.
Saurav, A., & Kuo,R. C. (2020). Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity: A Literature Review on the Effects of FDI on Local Firm Productivity (English). FDI In Focus Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. Retrieved 14th January, 2024 from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/247211591942545444.
Šelebaj, D., & Bule, M. (2021). Effects of grants from EU funds on business performance of non-financial corporations in Croatia. Public Sector Economics, 45(2), 177-207.
SMEDAN. (2022). SMEDAN and the National Bureau of Statistics collaborative survey: Selected findings 2022. Abuja: SMEDAN. Retrieved on 23rd October, 2023 from Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria. http://nigerianstat.gov.ng
Srhoj, S., Lapinski, M., & Walde, J. (2021). Impact evaluation of business development grants on SME performance. Small Business Economics, 57, 1285-1301.
Storey, D.J. (1994). Understanding the small business sector. London: International Thomson Business Press.
Subair, K., & Salihu, O. (2011). Foreign direct investment and development of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. African Journal of Accounting, Economics, Finance and Banking Research, 7(7), 64.
Takahashi, K., & Hashimoto, Y. (2023). Small grant subsidy application effects on productivity improvement: Evidence from Japanese SMEs. Small Business Economics, 60(4), 1631-1658. Tülüce, N. S., & Doğan, İ. (2014). The impact of foreign direct investments on SMEs’ development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 107-115.
Ugwuanyi, G. O., & Agbo, E. I. (2013). The effect of external agencies’ financial assistance and bank credit on the development and growth of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(12), 181-184.
VC4Africa (2015). Venture finance in Africa: ‘The progress of early-stage high potential growth companies’, VC4Africa, retrieved 15 March, 2024, https://vc4a.com/ blog/2014/12/17/vc4africa-2015-report-venture-finance-in-africa/.
Wade, M., & Hulland, J. (2004). The resource-based view and information systems research: Review, extension, and suggestions for future research. MIS quarterly, 107-142.
Walter, M. H., Offiong, A. I., & Udoka, C. O. (2018). Venture capital financing and the growth of small and medium scale enterprises in CalaberMetroplis, Cross River State, Nigeria. World Journal of Innovative Research, 5(1), 7-16.
Wiik, K., & Torvund, O. (2022). Are we Taking Grants for Granted? An Empirical Study on the Impact of Government Grants on Firm Performance.University of Agder, School of Business and Law Department of Management
World Bank (2018). SME Finance: Improving SMEs’ access to finance and finding innovative solutions to unlock sources of capital. [World Bank]. Retrieved October 16, 2023 from http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/smefinance
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Submeto (emos) o presente trabalho, texto original e inédito, de minha (nossa) autoria, à avaliação de Veredas do Direito - Revista de Direito, e concordo (amos) que os direitos autorais a ele referentes se tornem propriedade exclusiva da Revista Veredas, sendo vedada qualquer reprodução total ou parcial, em qualquer outra parte ou outro meio de divulgação impresso ou eletrônico, dissociado de Veredas do Direito, sem que a necessária e prévia autorização seja solicitada por escrito e obtida junto ao Editor-gerente. Declaro (amos) ainda que não existe conflito de interesse entre o tema abordado, o (s) autor (es) e empresas, instituições ou indivíduos.
Reconheço (Reconhecemos) ainda que Veredas está licenciada sob uma LICENÇA CREATIVE COMMONS:
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0



