GOVERNING DRONE TECHNOLOGY FOR GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION: CLIMATE CHALLENGES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.n2.4479Keywords:
Climate Change, Agriculture, Food Production, Drone Technology, Agriculture, UAVS, Legal Challenges, Privacy Concerns, Regulatory ComplianceAbstract
Climate change is a global phenomenon that poses significant challenges to agriculture and food sector. Due to certain natural and human activities, the planet is undergoing unexpected changes that are affecting the animal and plant agriculture and food production system as a whole. Shifting temperatures and rain patterns, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, as well as the spread of new pests and diseases, are transforming the ecosystem. Due to these rapid changes the production of agricultural sector decreased and threatening global food security due to lack of uses of innovative technologies. To address this agriculture and its mounting problems, sustainable agriculture development has come to rely on drone technology. The use of drones observed and transformed the agriculture sector through enhanced crop monitoring, resource allocation, and overall farm productivity. However, there is a need to establish compliance, to manage a broad spectrum of airspace law, privacy law, and information protection law. Fears about drones violating privacy by taking unapproved video of private property are growing along with public concerns and expectations of stringent drone laws. Farmers are provided with real-time valuable information pertaining to several components of their operations through state-of-the-art equipment drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-definition resolution cameras. This is not limited to just soil conditions and assessments, it includes crop productivity, pest or disease levels and biodiversity. Farmers can now effectively collect data with this level of precision, allowing for more rational timelier resolutions regarding the application of irrigation, fertilizer as well as pest controls, all of which contribute towards maintaining productivity among the demanding climate conditions. This also allows farmers to reduce the amount of damage and crop loss that occurs by enabling them to deal with situations as they develop. For instance, drones can squash a field at one time to look for signs of drought and disease which enables quick and cost-effective measures to be put in place regions where the possible productivity of crops is higher. This form of agriculture helps improve productivity and ensures that environment friendly farming practices are used. The review described and critically analyzed the importance of drone technology specifically in the agriculture sector. To better use of drone technology in agriculture sector, all relevant bodies must ensure that these tasks are carried out through specialized training, comprehensive data management, and dialogue with regulatory bodies. By collaboration and innovation within the agricultural sector, farmers are able to improve their productivity, while ensuring compliance with existing legislations. Finally, this study investigates the changing legal frameworks governing drone activities at the national and international levels. Drones have a lot to offer in resource management and precision farming, but their use presents serious issues with airspace sovereignty, liability, privacy, and environmental preservation. Cross-border drone operations face difficulties due to international laws like the 1944 Chicago Convention, which establish state sovereignty over airspace, especially in situations where security is a concern. Although national frameworks differ greatly, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has made an effort to offer regulatory guidelines.
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