MODELO DIFUSO PARA LA EVALUACIÓN ERGONÓMICA EN EL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO: INTEGRACIÓN DEL MÉTODO JOB STRAIN INDEX Y LÓGICA DIFUSA PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL ESFUERZO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5043Abstract
Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) representan uno de los riesgos laborales más prevalentes en el sector agrícola, donde el trabajo manual intensivo expone a los trabajadores a elevadas demandas físicas y posturas forzadas. El presente estudio propone un modelo híbrido difuso que integra el método del Índice de Tensión Laboral (Job Strain Index, JSI) con lógica difusa, con el propósito de mejorar la evaluación ergonómica de puestos de trabajo manuales. El JSI evalúa seis variables clave: intensidad del esfuerzo, duración del esfuerzo por ciclo, esfuerzos por minuto, desviación de la muñeca, velocidad de trabajo y duración de la tarea. las cuales se combinan de forma multiplicativa para cuantificar el riesgo de trastornos traumáticos acumulativos en las extremidades superiores. Dada la subjetividad de algunas de las variables del JSI, se incorporó la lógica difusa mediante funciones de pertenencia y reglas de inferencia, con el fin de modelar la incertidumbre e imprecisión propias del proceso de evaluación. El modelo fue validado en un proceso de compactación de alimento para ganado, representativo del trabajo manual intensivo en el ámbito agrícola. Los resultados demuestran que la integración JSI-difuso genera evaluaciones de riesgo más robustas y discriminantes, permitiendo diferenciar eficazmente entre condiciones de trabajo seguras, de riesgo moderado y de riesgo elevado para las extremidades superiores. Este enfoque híbrido constituye una herramienta confiable de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en la gestión de la seguridad y salud ocupacional en el sector agrícola.
References
Aksüt, G., & Eren, T. (2023). Evaluation of the Reasons for Health and Safety Risks in Agriculture by Integration of ANP and PROMETHEE Methods. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2409071/v1
Atli, H. F. (2024). Safety of agricultural machinery and tractor maintenance planning with fuzzy logic and MCDM for agricultural productivity. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.4
Bairwa, R. C., Meena, M. L., Dangayach, G. S., & Jain, R. (2022). Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Agricultural Workers: A Review [Review of Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Agricultural Workers: A Review]. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 439. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94277-9_38
Barneo-Alcántara, M., Díaz-Pérez, M., Gómez-Galán, M., Carreño-Ortega, Á., & Ferre, Á. J. C. (2021). Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agriculture: A Review from Web of Science Core Collection [Review of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agriculture: A Review from Web of Science Core Collection]. Agronomy, 11(10), 2017. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102017
Benos, L., Tsaopoulos, D., & Bochtis, D. (2020). A Review on Ergonomics in Agriculture. Part I: Manual Operations. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10061905
Buisseret, F., Draye, N., Santo, C. D., Pacewicz, J., Pannetier, J., Dierick, F., & Telliez, F. (2024). Occupational Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Workers in Dairy Diversification. Healthcare, 12(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020178
C., R. M. A., V., M. L. S., O., M. M. P., G., M. L. J., & Moreno, N. (2013). Condiciones de vida y trabajo de familias campesinas agricultoras de Marinilla, un pueblo agrario del oriente Antioqueño, Colombia, 2011. Revista de La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, 31(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.13473
Carrasco, J. L., Asqui, A. I. L., & Gadvay, A. D. B. (2023). Riesgos ergonómicos y su influencia en el desempeño laboral. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v4i2.836
Choi, K., Kim, D.-M., Cho, M.-U., Park, C.-W., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, M., & Kong, Y. (2020). Application of AULA Risk Assessment Tool by Comparison with Other Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186479
Ciccarelli, M., Papetti, A., & Germani, M. (2025). Empowering industry 5.0: automated sensor-based ergonomic risk assessment. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-025-02412-5
Dimitrov, V., Borisova, L. V., & Nurutdinova, I. (2023). Formalization of Fuzzy Statements in the Task of Technological Adjustment of Grain Combines. E3S Web of Conferences, 398, 1002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339801002
Duarte, J. A. L., Martínez-Cadena, G., & Olea-Miranda, J. (2021). Sistema automatizado de análisis de movimiento para la detección del factor de riesgo ergonómico en la industria de la construcción. Información Tecnológica, 32(6), 213. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642021000600213
Ertuğrul, G. Ö., Aygün, İ., & Urkan, E. (2025). A Study Examining the Potential of the 5S Methodology for Improving Efficiency in Agricultural Production Processes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 13(3), 587. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i3.587-593.7503
Fales, C., Stone, R., Mgaedeh, F., & Kim, J. (2022). Know thy user, know thy tool: a population review and critique of current ergonomic analysis tools for the agricultural workforce [Review of Know thy user, know thy tool: a population review and critique of current ergonomic analysis tools for the agricultural workforce]. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 9(2), 128. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhfe.2022.122395
Faria, J. A. A. de, Andrade, E. T. de, & Oliveira, F. da S. de. (2024). Occupational Risks of Agricultural Workers Exposed to Heat: Literature Review. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-169
Fiegenbaum, T. R., Santana, E. V. S., Rempel, C., & Grave, M. T. Q. (2021). Prevalência de Dores Musculoesqueléticas em Trabalhadores Rurais: Uma Revisão de Literatura. Research Society and Development, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17305
García‐Izquierdo, A. L., Ramos‐Villagrasa, P. J., & Lubiano, M. A. (2020). Developing Biodata for Public Manager Selection Purposes: A Comparison between Fuzzy Logic and Traditional Methods. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 36(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2020a22
Golabchi, A., Han, S., & Fayek, A. R. (2016). A fuzzy logic approach to posture-based ergonomic analysis for field observation and assessment of construction manual operations. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 43(4), 294. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0143
Gómez, M. M., & Robledo, M. M. (2015). Factores de riesgo biomecánicos y psicosociales presentes en la industria venezolana de la carne. Ciencia & Trabajo, 17(54), 171. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-24492015000300003
Govindan, A. R., & Li, X. (2023). Fuzzy logic-based decision support system for automating ergonomics risk assessments. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 96, 103459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2023.103459
Gurnani, U., Singh, S. K., Sain, M. K., & Meena, M. L. (2022a). A Postural Risk Assessment of Manual Dairy Farm Workers using NIOSH Lifting Equation. Evergreen, 9(3), 721. https://doi.org/10.5109/4843105
Gurnani, U., Singh, S. K., Sain, M. K., & Meena, M. L. (2022b). Musculoskeletal Health Problems and their Association with Risk Factors among Manual Dairy Farm Workers. Evergreen, 9(4), 950. https://doi.org/10.5109/6622881
Herrera-Torres, E., Pámanes-Carrasco, G. A., Araiza-Rosales, E. E., Sánchez-Arroyo, J. F., Palacios-Torres, J., & Murillo-Ortiz, M. (2022). In vitro gas production, rumen fermentation and production performance of steers fed multinutritional prickly pear blocks. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 31(3), 258. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149991/2022
Junkes, V. H., Matos, C., Matias, G. de S., Lermen, F. H., Patriarca, R., Siqueira, H. V., & Lenzi, G. G. (2024). Occupational risks of work in the agricultural sector: a systematic literature review. Production, 34. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20230042
Jorgensen, M. J., Martinez, A., & Hakansson, N. A. (2024). Comparison of multi-task ergonomic assessment methods for risk of upper extremity and low back musculoskeletal disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 119, 104313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104313
Kamala, V., & Robert, T. (2022). Fuzzy-logic-based ergonomic assessment in an automotive industry. The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.7166/33-4-2593
Kim, D., Zarei, M., Lee, S., Lee, H., Lee, G., Lee, S. G., Lee, S. G., & Lee, S. G. (2025). Wearable Standalone Sensing Systems for Smart Agriculture. Advanced Science, 12(16). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202414748
Kyriazos, T., & Poga, M. (2024). Exploring fuzzy logic as an alternative approach in psychological scoring. The Open Psychology Journal, 17, Article e18743501337527. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743501337527241125044301
Kodaloğlu, m., & Kodaloğlu, f. a. (2022). Evaluation of thermal comfort in terms of occupational safety in weaving facilities by fuzzy logic. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 6(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.1081567
Kolln, A. M., Kolln, F. T., Gonçalves, A. P. A., & Lopes, H. (2022). Riscos laborais na agricultura familiar em Rondônia. Research Society and Development, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32936
Kong, Y., Lee, S. J., Lee, K. S., Kim, G. R., & Kim, D. (2015). Development of an Ergonomics Checklist for Investigation of Work-Related Whole-Body Disorders in Farming – AWBA: Agricultural Whole-Body Assessment. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 21(4), 207. https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.21.10647
Kundu, T., Kumar, M., Joshi, P., Bharadwaj, A., Marwaha, S., & Pal, S. (2021). Development and validation of mobile based decision support system for Human Physical Drudgery Index (HPDI). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(8). https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i8.115805
Li, Y. (2024). Model Based Work Assessment: Combining Spatial and Temporal Modeling for Structured Proactive Work Analysis. Deep Blue (University of Michigan). https://doi.org/10.7302/22889
Mahmoud, O. H. (2021). Discomfort estimation using machine learning for pick and place tasks in industry. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://inria.hal.science/tel-03496989
Malek, H. A. (2022). Methodology of a vehicles assembly line’s organization based on the analysis of automation variations in a multi modal production context. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03811852
Massó, D. V., Sánchez, V. V., & Rivero, A. R. (2023). Cambios en la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos y el estado nutricional en campesinos de Yaguajay, centro de Cuba, 2017-2022. Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica, 25(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e069
McQuerry, M., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2023). Thermal comfort assessment of active cooling technology for agricultural end use: a field study. Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology, 9(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00327
Mendes, W. R., Araújo, F. M. U. de, & Er‐Raki, S. (2019). Integrating Remote Sensing Data into Fuzzy Control System for Variable Rate Irrigation Estimates. In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87023
Moore, J. S., & Garg, A. (1995). The Strain Index: A Proposed Method to Analyze Jobs For Risk of Distal Upper Extremity Disorders. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56(5), 443. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119591016863
Moura, V. B., Farias, V. D. da S., Sousa, D. de P., Nunes, H. G. G. C., & Souza, P. J. de O. P. de. (2022). Riscos ambientais e segurança do coletor no extrativismo do fruto de açaízeiro na Amazônia Oriental. Ciência Florestal, 32(2), 597. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509842790
Navas-Reascos, G. E., Romero, D., Rodrı́guez, C. A., Guedea-Elizalde, F., & Stahre, J. (2022). Wire Harness Assembly Process Supported by a Collaborative Robot: A Case Study Focus on Ergonomics. Robotics, 11(6), 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11060131
Pedraza, B. de los Á. P., Olvera-Romero, G. D., Valdés‐García, K. P., & Praga-Alejo, R. J. (2024). Normas sociales, publicidad y consumo alimentario en escolares: modelado mediante lógica difusa tipo 2. CienciaUAT, 75. https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v18i2.1782
Porras, J. O., Erquínigo, A. B., Chávez, T. C., Palma, L. H., & Guevara, L. R. (2023). Método ergonómico para reducir el nivel de riesgo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en una pyme de confección textil de Lima - Perú. Industrial Data, 25(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.15381/idata.v25i2.22769
Prieto, N. W., Leite, J. C., Silva, C. A. de S., & Brito, J. de A. (2024). Assessment of ergonomic risks in car radio manufacturing using the Suzanne Rodgers and NIOSH criteria: a practical application. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i5.3800
Rodríguez, V. M. P., & López, J. L. H. (2022). Propuesta de estrategias de prevención de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en agricultores. Sapienza International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(5), 16. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v3i5.440
Rojas, N. M., & Sosa, H. H. A. (2016). Integración de la Lógica Difusa a la Dinámica de Sistemas para la selección de terrenos de cultivos agrícolas. ELEMENTOS, 6(6), 149. https://doi.org/10.15765/e.v6i6.842
Sakinala, V., Paul, P. S., & Fissha, Y. (2024). Promoting safety of underground machinery operators through participatory ergonomics and fuzzy model analysis to foster sustainable mining practices. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67375-1
Santos, R. C., Lovatto, J., Sanches, A. C., Gomes, É. P., & Souza, C. M. A. de. (2020). Expert systems as a tool to manage accident risks in grain storage facilities. Semina Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, 41(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2020v41n1p87
Shamsipour, M., & Kouhnavard, B. (2025). Investigation of Observational Techniques Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers - A Systematic Review [Review of Investigation of Observational Techniques Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers - A Systematic Review]. Journal of Agromedicine, 30(3), 616. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2024.2436447
Sharma, D., & Garg, S. (2016). A critical study of fuzzy logic systems and its applications. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 56. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd105
Short, N. M., Woodward-Greene, M. J., Buser, M. D., & Roberts, D. P. (2023). Scalable Knowledge Management to Meet Global 21st Century Challenges in Agriculture. Land, 12(3), 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030588
Suazo, D. M., Muñoz, J. N., Lazarraga, P. C., Rodríguez, A., Alcayde, M. I., Díaz‐Román, A., & Cano, R. (2019). Mejora de la atención en niños y niñas con TDAH tras una intervención física deportiva dirigida. Cuadernos de Psicología Del Deporte, 19(3), 37. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.360451
TARAKÇI, E., & Can, E. (2024). A novel approach to ergonomic risk analyses. In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004385
Vélez-Silva, D.-A., Solano-Natera, R.-J., & Ortíz‐Barrios, M. (2023). Caracterización de Operación de Montacarga para Identificación de Nivel de Riesgo Biomecánico en Empresa del Sector Minero: Un Caso de Estudio. Boletín de Innovación Logística y Operaciones, 5(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.17981/bilo.5.1.2023.04
Villanueva-Gómez, R., Thamsuwan, O., Castro, R. A. B., & Barrero, L. H. (2023). Seasonal Migrant Workers Perceived Working Conditions and Speculative Opinions on Possible Uptake of Exoskeleton with Respect to Tasks and Environment: A Case Study in Plant Nursery. Sustainability, 15(17), 12839. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712839
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
I (we) submit this article which is original and unpublished, of my (our) own authorship, to the evaluation of the Veredas do Direito Journal, and agree that the related copyrights will become exclusive property of the Journal, being prohibited any partial or total copy in any other part or other printed or online communication vehicle dissociated from the Veredas do Direito Journal, without the necessary and prior authorization that should be requested in writing to Editor in Chief. I (we) also declare that there is no conflict of interest between the articles theme, the author (s) and enterprises, institutions or individuals.
I (we) recognize that the Veredas do Direito Journal is licensed under a CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
