A Participação no Fechamento de Mina no Direito Comparado
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Abstract
A participação da sociedade civil no fechamento de minas é crucial para a garantia de uma sustentabilidade abrangente, que contemple as diferentes visões acerca da efetivação do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Este trabalho, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a legislação brasileira sobre fechamento de mina, avaliando os mecanismos de participação popular nesse processo, comparando-os com as formas de participação durante o processo de licenciamento ambiental, e com as normas de outros países com liderança global na atividade minerária. O licenciamento ambiental já prevê a participação das comunidades afetadas por empreendimentos geradores de significativo impacto ambiental, por meio de audiências públicas. Entretanto, no caso da mineração, verificou-se que esses instrumentos não têm sido suficientes para garantir a sustentabilidade após o fechamento das minas, havendo necessidade de novos ordenamentos jurídicos complementares, como demonstra as experiências nacional e internacional.
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Abstract
The civil society participation in mine closure is crucial to guarantee a broad sustainability, one that considers the different approaches on the right to a healthy environment. This work, from a bibliographic and documental research, intends to identify and analyze the mine closure Brazilian legislation, assessing the mechanisms of popular participation in this process, comparing them with the forms of participation in the environmental licensing process and with international legislation from other countries with global leadership in mining activity. The public hearing process is already present in the environmental licensing to grant the participation of communities affected by projects generating significant environmental impact. Nonetheless, as concluded in this study, this instrument has not been successful enough in mining activities, especially concerning sustainability in mine closure. For this reason, as shown by the national and international experience, new rules are necessary to grant the participation of affected communities.
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Keywords
Environmental Licensing. Mine Closure. Participation Principle. Sustainable Development. Post Closure Sustainability.
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