DECENT WORK IN MONGOLIA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

Abstract

This article examines the current state of decent work in Mongolia within the framework of the International Labour Organization Decent Work Agenda and evaluates the structural challenges affecting labor market balance and employment quality. The study aims to identify the major constraints facing decent work development in Mongolia and to highlight policy directions that should be prioritized by the government in order to strengthen employment opportunities, improve labor productivity, and ensure safe and equitable working conditions. The research analyzes the present condition of decent work in Mongolia through three principal dimensions: employment opportunities, productive and adequately remunerated employment, and working conditions. The study relies on statistical indicators, labor market data, and policy analysis derived from national statistical databases, government reports, and international labor standards. The findings reveal that public understanding and policy coordination related to decent work remain insufficient in Mongolia. Despite certain improvements in macroeconomic performance and unemployment indicators in recent years, labor force participation and employment rates have shown limited progress, while informal employment remains high. Moreover, wage growth has not been accompanied by proportional increases in real income and labor productivity across major sectors of the economy. The article further argues that although market economies generally favor limited state intervention, active government participation remains essential for promoting balanced labor market development, supporting productive employment, and ensuring social protection and occupational safety. Based on the findings, the study proposes policy recommendations in six major areas, including macroeconomic coordination, sectoral employment policies, labor market regulation, labor relations, wage and productivity policies, and social protection reforms.