CAPITALIST IDEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLOITATION IN SELECTED SAKAI LITERARY WORKS: A MATERIALIST CRITICISM APPROACH

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how ideology in the novel Panggil Aku Sakai, the short story “Pipa Air Mata,” the children’s story Aku Ingin Sekolah, and the folk song Lancang Kocik functions as a form of resistance to modern environmental ideology, which tends to be exploitative. Therefore, this research identifies internal and external ideologies in modern literature and oral literature using Terry Eagleton’s materialist theory. External aspects include ideological constituents such as the General Mode of Production (GMP), General Ideology (GI), Literary Mode of Production (LMP), Authorial Ideology (AI), and Aesthetic Ideology (AE). Meanwhile, internal aspects refer to the textual ideology (TI), which is transformed from these external elements. Data collection was conducted through two methods: ethnographic techniques, interviews, and documentation to examine oral literature, and library research techniques to examine modern literary works. The results indicate that the internal and external ideologies in these four works reveal resistance to environmental exploitation.