SECURITY IN EUROPE: EUROPOL, FRONTEX AND NATO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5491Keywords:
NATO, Security Strategy, USA, EU, Europol, European Border and Coast Guard Agency (EBCG-Frontex),Abstract
Security in Europe is a multidimensional and dynamic field of political and operational action, especially in recent years, as the continent faces multifaceted challenges: terrorism, organized crime, refugee and migration flows, cyber threats (Smith, 2023) and geopolitical tensions. In this context, three key institutions play a crucial role: Europol, Frontex (now European Border and Coast Guard Agency-EBCGA) and NATO (NATO, 2022), (Lanoszka, 2022), (Walt, 2020). Europol (European Police Office) is an important institution of the European Union (EU) in the fight against organized crime (Korontzis, 2013, c) and terrorism. It focuses on the collection, analysis and exchange of information between Member States (MS), facilitating cross-border investigations. Although it has no executive powers, it functions as a hub for cooperation between national authorities, strengthening the collective capacity to respond to criminal networks. EBCGA has been significantly upgraded in recent years, acquiring a strengthened operational role. It is involved in the surveillance and management of the EU's external borders, especially in times of migration crisis. It supports MS with joint operations, technical assistance and personnel. However, its action has provoked reactions, as issues of transparency, accountability and respect for human rights are raised. NATO, although not an EU institution, remains the cornerstone of European collective defense. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 reminded us of the Alliance's crucial role in deterrence and security in the wider region. At the same time, EU-NATO cooperation is being strengthened to address common threats, such as hybrid warfare, disinformation and cyberattacks. In conclusion, security in Europe requires multi-level cooperation, strengthening institutions and adapting to new forms of threats (Biscop, 2021). The challenge lies in finding a balance between effective protection and the safeguarding of fundamental rights and values. The purpose of this brief study is to highlight common points and possibilities for cooperation between these bodies so that security in Europe is strengthened (Sloan, 2019). At the same time, problems will also emerge in such a development, especially after the election of D. Trump in the 2024 elections (Rosen, 2014), (Daalder, Goldgeier, 2021), (Sloan, 2020).
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