THE LEGALITY OF SUSPICIOUS TRANSACTION REPORTING DUTIES FOR NOTARIES IN INDONESIA: MINISTERIAL POWERS AND LEGAL CERTAINTY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5363Keywords:
Anti–Money Laundering, Notaries, Suspicious Transaction Reporting, Ministerial Powers, Legal Certainty, IndonesiaAbstract
Global anti–money laundering (AML) regulation has shifted from a narrow focus on financial institutions to a broader “gatekeeper” model that includes designated non-financial businesses and professions (DNFBPs) such as notaries and lawyers. Indonesia follows this trend by designating notaries as Reporting Parties under Law No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering and Government Regulation No. 43 of 2015, as amended by Government Regulation No. 61 of 2021, on Reporting Parties. These provisions are operationalised through Minister of Law Regulation (Permenkum) No. 10 of 2026 on the Implementation of the Know Your User Principle for Notaries, which replaces Permenkumham No. 9 of 2017 and imposes customer due diligence and suspicious transaction reporting (STR) duties on notaries, alongside existing obligations and confidentiality duties under the Notary Office Act (UUJN). This article examines, first, whether the Minister of Law’s supervisory authority over notaries can lawfully extend to the imposition of AML obligations and, second, how STR duties affect legal certainty and professional confidentiality. Using doctrinal legal research, the article interprets the interaction between UUJN, the specialised AML regime, and Permenkum No. 10 of 2026, supplemented by comparative insights from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. It argues that the Minister’s role as de facto Supervisory and Regulatory Authority for notaries can be functionally justified through lex specialis reasoning, but still suffers from incomplete statutory grounding, and that STR duties generate structural tension with notarial secrecy that must be addressed through explicit legislative clarification and safe-harbour protections. The article concludes that Indonesia has made important progress in integrating notaries into the AML framework but that legislative reform is necessary to consolidate ministerial powers, embed AML duties within UUJN, and provide adequate legal protection for notaries acting as AML gatekeepers.
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