THE ROLE OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN SUSTAINABLE URBAN AREAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5351Keywords:
ESSs, Sustainable Cities, Renewable Energy Integration, Smart Grids, Urban Energy Systems, Positive Energy DistrictsAbstract
Urbanisation has intensified energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, making the transition to sustainable urban energy systems an urgent priority. However, the increasing penetration of renewable energy, such as solar and wind, introduces significant temporal mismatches between electricity generation and urban demand. Energy storage systems (ESSs) have then become key facilitators, enabling the matching of supply to demand, enhancing grid flexibility, and improving the reliability of renewable-dominated urban energy infrastructures. This paper provides a critical analysis of the role of ESSs in sustainable cities through the lens of the integrated urban energy systems approach. Based on a wide literature review from 2017 to 2026, we examine the major storage technologies and their suitability in a continuum of urban deployment. The review also explores the role of ESSs in positive energy districts, smart grids, and decentralised energy networks. We also question the main barriers to large-scale implementation, including technical constraints, financial factors, regulatory uncertainties, environmental concerns, and socio-spatial considerations. We found that no single storage technology can address the complexity of issues in cities with a single solution; instead, a hybridised, system-integrated approach to storage is essential to support resilient, low-carbon, and adaptable urban energy systems.
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