MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF URDU–ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING OF TWEETER ACTIVISTS IN PAKISTAN

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5012

Keywords:

Multilingual, Code-Mixing, Morphosyntax, Economic Globalization, Decent Jobs (SDG8)

Abstract

The paper explores code-switching and mixing at both levels of linguistics, Morphology and Syntax. These are frequently used terms by bilingual or multilingual during an everyday formal or informal conversation. In this paper, these terms are primarily studied qualitatively between Urdu and English languages. The current study also examines the types of code-mixing and switching such as inter-sentential and intra-sentential among the multilingual in their tweets. Meanwhile, it also highlights the morphosyntactic analysis of English and Urdu codes. The statistical data shows that Pakistani Twitter activists use noun and adjectival phrases more frequently when switching from one code to another. In the meanwhile, the lexicons which are used in their tweets belong to the word category of Nouns, Adjectives and Conjunctions at different levels. The result of the present study shows that the use of lexicons and the types of phrases vary from person to person when switching the codes.

References

Abas I.H.; Krishnamurthi N.; Rasli A.; Gusteti M.U., 2025. A Delphi study on factors influencing school students’ adoption of social media as a learning platform in Malaysia, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i3.32939

Ahmad, F., Mahmood, A., & Shahid, M. A. (2023). Code-switching and code-mixing among bilinguals: A sociolinguistic study. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 7(3), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2023(7-III)04

Ali M. A., Alharbi W., Farooq M., Abbas S., Albadrani N., 2026. Integrating Computer-Supported Language Learning for Digital Reading in Saudi Arabia. Scientific Culture, Pp. 612-627, Vol. 12, Issue 2.1, 2026. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.122.12655, URL: https://sci-cult.net/index.php/cult/article/view/2612/1498

Auer, P. (1998). Code-switching in conversation: Language, interaction and identity. Routledge.

Awan, Z. N., Begum, U., & Khan, M. (2025). Code-switching and code-mixing in Pakistani English: A sociolinguistic analysis. Social Science Review Archives, 3(1), 1448–1456. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.446

Blom, J. P., & Gumperz, J. J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics (pp. 407–434). Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Chan T.J., Mahadi N.A., Adamu A.A., Ng M.L., Fadzilah A.H.H., 2025. Integrated Marketing Communication Practices as the Predictors on University Reputation of Malaysian Private Higher Education Institutions, Studies in Media and Communication, https://redfame.com/journal/index.php/smc/article/view/7491

Dad, K., Shabbir, I., & Sultan, F. (2023). Reasons for code-switching and mixing: A gender-based comparative study of social interactions on Twitter. Journal of Academic Research for Humanities, 3(3), 207–217.

Fishman, J. A. (1972). The relationship between micro-and macro-sociolinguistics in the Study of who speaks what language to whom and when. In Anwar, S. Dil (Ed.), Language in sociocultural change. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge University Press.

Hussain, A., & Arshad, M. U. (2021). An attention-based neural network for code switching detection: English and Roman Urdu. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.02252

Iqbal, L. (2011). Linguistic Features of Code-Switching: A Study of Urdu/English Bilingual Teachers‟ Classroom Interactions. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 14; October 2011. Islamabad, Pakistan.

Jamali, J., Rasool, M., & Batool, H. (2022). Code-switching by multilingual Pakistanis on Twitter: A qualitative analysis. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 25(2), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2022.25.2.22

Kamran, S., & Mansoor, S. (2017). Globalization and language use on social media in Pakistan. European Journal of Language and Literature, 3(2), 79–84.

Mahootian, S., & Santorini, B. (1996). Code-switching and the syntax of word order. In S. Mahootian & B. Santorini (Eds.), The syntax of code-switching (pp. 1–30). Cambridge University Press.

Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Social motivations for code-switching: Evidence from Africa. Oxford University Press.

Myers-Scotton, C. (2002). Contact linguistics: Bilingual encounters and grammatical outcomes. Oxford University Press.

Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en español: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics, 18(7–8), 581–618.

Rasul, S. (2013). Borrowing and Code Mixing in Pakistani Children’s Magazines: Practices and Functions. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 5, No. 2 (2013). Islamabad, Pakistan.

Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism (2nd ed.). Blackwell.

Woolard, K. A. (1989). Double talk: Bilingualism and the politics of ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Wei, L. (1994). Three Generations, two languages and one family: language choice and language shift in a Chinese Community in Britain. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-20

How to Cite

Farooq, M., Eesa, M., Sahar, A., Farooq, S., M., S. B., Khan, A., & Hassan, R. (2026). MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF URDU–ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING OF TWEETER ACTIVISTS IN PAKISTAN. Veredas Do Direito, 23(8), e235012. https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.5012