FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND FROM PUNITIVE JUSTICE TO RESTORATIVE JUSTICE: COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION ISSUES ON WRONGFUL CONVICTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n43704Keywords:
State liability, Compensation, Restorative Justice, Rehabilitation, Pakistan, United States, Doctrinal AnalysisAbstract
Freedom embodies the intrinsic human aspiration to exercise autonomy and make choices concerning one’s own life. While, injustice is compounded when wrongful convictions occur, resulting in irreversible damages to both individuals and societal perceptions of the justice system. This paper discusses the transition from purely punitive justice systems focusing on retribution to systems advocating restorative justice, with the emphasis being placed on the corrective measures, rehabilitation, and reintegration of the wrongfully convicted individuals. This paper uses doctrinal and comparative approaches to examine the absence of statutory frameworks on compensation in Pakistan, and the more comprehensive federal and state laws in the United States concerning wrongful conviction compensation. In this context, the Pakistan judicial system relies on constitutional guarantees and the judicial discretion, while the United States provides formalised statutory remedies through the Innocence Protection Acts and various state compensation laws. This paper advocates for a paradigm shift in Pakistan’s restorative justice philosophy in criminal justice, centered on the international human rights framework coupled with the U.S. model. For this reason, the authors proposed the enactment of comprehensive statutory rehabilitation laws, accompanied by state support to regain lost dignity, promote mental health, and social standing of the rehabilitated wrongfully convicted individuals.
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