THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PRINCIPLES OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE AND THE BAR IN COMBATING CRIME

Abstract

The present study examines the theoretical and applied foundations of the activities of prosecution and advocacy bodies in the prevention and counteraction of criminal offenses. In the context of contemporary legal systems, these institutions perform complementary functions aimed at maintaining the balance between public interests, individual rights, and the principles of the rule of law. The research highlights the evolving role of prosecution as a state guarantor of law enforcement, and advocacy as a professional guarantor of legal protection, emphasizing the necessity of coordinated interaction based on ethical principles, transparency, and respect for human rights. Particular attention is paid to preventive strategies, which focus not only on post-factum prosecution but also on the proactive identification of crime risk factors, including social, economic, and environmental determinants. The study analyzes the integration of information technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) in the operational and analytical activities of prosecution and advocacy bodies. Digitalization, electronic document management systems, AI-based case analysis, and predictive modeling are identified as key tools enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and speed in legal proceedings. At the same time, the research emphasizes the ethical and legal challenges associated with the use of AI, including algorithmic bias, transparency, and the protection of personal data, highlighting the central role of human oversight and professional judgment in the justice system. Drawing upon both domestic and international scholarship, the study provides a systematic assessment of organizational, procedural, and technological mechanisms for crime prevention and legal protection. It is argued that only an integrated approach – combining legal, ethical, and technological dimensions – can ensure effective prevention, timely detection, and impartial adjudication of criminal activities. The paper further stresses that the modernization of prosecution and advocacy institutions must align with the principles of democratic governance and the protection of fundamental rights, ensuring that technological innovations serve to enhance, rather than replace, human decision-making. The author concludes that the effectiveness of contemporary crime prevention and counteraction strategies relies on the harmonization of legal norms, professional ethics, and technological innovation. Proactive, data-driven, and ethically grounded approaches not only improve the capacity of prosecution and advocacy bodies but also contribute to the sustainability of the legal system and the protection of the rule of law in the digital era. This research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the interplay of traditional legal principles with modern technological tools in advancing justice and preventing criminal conduct in complex, dynamic societies.