GOVERNANCE DEADLOCK IN COASTAL TOURISM: DISENTANGLING JURISDICTIONAL OVERLAPS BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY AUTHORITY IN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n3.3264Keywords:
Coastal Governance, Institutional Deadlock, Civil-Military Relations, Sustainable Development Goals, Evolutionary Governance TheoryAbstract
Institutional deadlock that undermines both economic development and environmental sustainability are among the unique challenges that coastal tourism governance in post-authoritarian Indonesia encounters when democratic decentralization intersects with persistent military territorial authority. This study investigates the governance deadlock in the coastal tourism sector of Cilacap Regency. The elimination of collaborative management arrangements due to military land certification (Hak Pakai Hankam) since 2013 and the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) prohibitions on inter-governmental revenue-sharing in 2019 has resulted in a collapse of local government tourism revenue from 2.7 billion rupiah annually to zero, while also accelerating ecosystem degradation. We conducted 27 key informant interviews, two focus group discussions, quantitative revenue analysis, and environmental assessments across military-controlled coastal sites from April to October 2024, utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicate that institutional incompatibility deadlock is a unique governance failure mode. This mode is characterized by the creation of mutually reinforcing constraints that prevent coordination, despite the recognition of superior collaborative alternatives by stakeholders. These constraints are a result of rigid path dependencies (military land rights) and goal dependencies (financial accountability regulations). Even when cooperation generates mutual benefits, transaction cost barriers—information asymmetries, multi-principal negotiation complexity, and the absence of enforcement mechanisms—maintain non-cooperative equilibria. The research theoretically advances Evolutionary Governance Theory by defining self-reinforcing dependency mechanisms and empirically illustrating how civil-military jurisdictional deadlock directly impede the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 13 and 14 by eliminating environmental oversight institutions and revenue streams that fund sustainability investments. This has implications for coastal governance in contexts where authoritarian-era military prerogatives persist within democratic institutional frameworks.
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