PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES: A STRATEGIC BUSINESS IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH FOR BS ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v22.n2.3206Keywords:
BS Entrepreneurship, Business Implementation Plan, Entrepreneurial Preparedness, Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial CompetenciesAbstract
Entrepreneurship is a vital driver of economic growth, innovation, and sustainable development. This study assessed the entrepreneurial preparedness of Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship (BSE) students at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), focusing on their knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as the challenges they face in developing sustainable entrepreneurial competencies. A descriptive research design was employed to capture perceptions from 332 students across all year levels and 13 faculty members using a validated structured questionnaire. Results showed that students demonstrated strong knowledge in management, corporate social responsibility, intellectual property, and value chain concepts. Skills were rated at an overall weighted mean of 4.02/5.00, with strengths in adaptability, task delegation, and communication, but gaps in negotiation, financial planning, and strategic marketing. Attitudinally, students exhibited high levels of perseverance, resilience, and passion, though confidence in creativity and innovation was less evident. Faculty and student assessments were consistent, suggesting shared perceptions of preparedness. Students also cited barriers such as financial limitations, managerial competence gaps, psychological pressures, and teamwork issues. To address these challenges, a sustainable business implementation plan was proposed, integrating experiential learning, mentorship, industry immersion, and sustainability-focused training. The findings provide actionable insights for educators, students, and policymakers, highlighting the need to strengthen entrepreneurial competencies that contribute to individual career success, national development, and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).
References
Abun, D. (2021). Measuring entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention of ABM Grade XII, Senior High School students of Divine Word Colleges in Region I, Philippines. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807867
Acs, Z., Audretsch, D., Lehmann, E., & Licht, G. (2016). National systems of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 46(4), 527–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9705-1
Acs, Z. J., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Szerb, L. (2018). Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: An ecosystem perspective. Small Business Economics, 51(2), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0013-9
Aldaba, R. M. (2008). SMEs in the Philippine manufacturing industry and globalization: Meeting the development challenges. In H. Lim (Ed.), SME in Asia and globalization (ERIA Research Project Report 2007-5, pp. 217–266). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. https://www.eria.org/SMEs%20in%20the%20Philippine%20Manufacturing%20Industry%20and%20Globalization%20Meeting_the%20Development%20Challenges.pdf
Aldaba, R. M. (2012). Small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) access to finance: Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Papers, DP 2012-05. https://ideas.repec.org/p/phd/dpaper/dp_2012-05.html
Bacq, S., & Alt, E. (2018). Feeling capable and valued: A prosocial perspective on the link between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(3), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.01.004
Bird, B. (2019). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial competency. In Seminal ideas for the next twenty-five years of advances (pp. 115–131). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1074-754020190000021011
Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511–532. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.40633190
Cecilia, E. (2022, September 15). Bridging the skills gap. The Manila Times. https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/09/15/campus-press/bridging-the-skills-gap/1858546
Cohen, B., & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market imperfections, opportunity, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.12.001
Cooney, T. M. (2012). Entrepreneurship skills for growth-orientated businesses. Danish Business Authority. https://www.academia.edu/25433512/Entrepreneurship_Skills_for_Growth_Orientated_Businesses
Dean, T. J., & McMullen, J. S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 50–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.003
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). (2021). Kapatid Mentor Me Project. https://www.dti.gov.ph/dti-business-center/dti-programs-projects/dti-kapatid-mentor-me-project
Diegoli, R., Gutierrez, H., & del Mar García-De los Salmones, M. (2018). Teachers as entrepreneurial role models: The impact of a teacher’s entrepreneurial experience and student learning styles in entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324413237
Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315747453
Dublino, J. (2024). The 7 biggest challenges of starting a business (and how to overcome them). Business.com. https://www.business.com/articles/the-4-biggest-challenges-to-starting-a-business-and-how-to-overcome-them/
Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., & Pearce, C. L. (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.002
Fatoki, O. (2014). Factors influencing the financing of business start-ups by commercial banks in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(20), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p94
Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.024
Gomezelj Omerzel, D., & Smolčić Jurdana, D. (2016). The influence of intellectual capital on innovativeness and growth in tourism SMEs: Empirical evidence from Slovenia and Croatia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 1075–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1211946
Incio Chavesta, J. E., Ramos Farroñán, E. V., Arbulú Ballesteros, M. A., Merino Núñez, M., Mendoza Zuta, J. C., Mendoza Zuta, L. K., Flores Solis, J. G., & Reyes-Pérez, M. D. (2025). Exploring the challenges of social and sustainable entrepreneurship strategy: A review of the literature [Special issue]. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 6(1), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv6i1siart11
Isac, C., Iordache, A., Baltador, L., Coculescu, C., & Nita, D. (2023). Enhancing students’ entrepreneurial competencies through extracurricular activities—A pragmatic approach to sustainability-oriented higher education. Sustainability, 15(11), 8708. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118708
Jala, J. V. (2025, March 29). The role of intellectual property rights in fostering innovation and economic growth. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=5197960
Kickul, J., & Lyons, T. S. (2020). Understanding social entrepreneurship: The relentless pursuit of mission in an ever changing world (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429270406
Lackéus, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship in education: What, why, when, how. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers, 2015/06. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/cccac96a-en
Li, C., Murad, M., Shahzad, F., Khan, M. A. S., Ashraf, S. F., & Dogbe, C. S. K. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion to entrepreneurial behavior: Role of entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and proactive personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01611
Man, T. W., & Lau, T. (2005). The context of entrepreneurship in Hong Kong: An investigation through the patterns of entrepreneurial competencies in contrasting industrial environments. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12(4), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058-6
Malywanga, J., Shi, Y., & Yang, X. (2020). Experiential approaches: Effective pedagogy “for” entrepreneurship in entrepreneurship education. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.82024
Mejri, R., & Zouaoui, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial competencies and growth of new micro small and medium businesses. Open Journal of Business and Management, 8(3), 1556–1570. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2020.83074
Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S. (2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026
Neck, H. M., & Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00314.x
Rakib, M., Azis, M., & Azis, F. (2022). What determines entrepreneurial readiness? Empirical study of students in Indonesia. Multicultural Education, 8(1), 38–44. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359167225
Rauch, A., & Hulsink, W. (2015). Putting entrepreneurship education where the intention to act lies: An investigation into the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial behavior. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0293
Rippa, P., & Secundo, G. (2019). Digital academic entrepreneurship: The potential of digital technologies on academic entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 900–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.013
Roxas, B. G., Cayoca-Panizales, R., & de Jesus, R. M. (2008). Entrepreneurial knowledge and its effects on entrepreneurial intentions: Development of a conceptual framework. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 8(2), 61–77. http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30042420
Sakid, M., Rabbani, M., Hawaldar, I., Jabber, M., Hossain, J., & Sahabuddin, M. (2022). Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs’ performance in a developing economy. Sustainability, 14(20), 13643. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013643
Saptono, A., Wibowo, A., Narmaditya, B. S., Karyaningsih, R. P. D., & Yanto, H. (2020). Does entrepreneurial education matter for Indonesian students’ entrepreneurial preparation? The mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset and knowledge. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1836728. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1836728
Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x
Shepherd, D. A., Patzelt, H., & Haynie, J. M. (2010). Entrepreneurial spirals: Deviation–amplifying loops of an entrepreneurial mindset and organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00313.x
Śledzik, K. (2013). Schumpeter’s view on innovation and entrepreneurship. In S. Hittmar (Ed.), Management trends in theory and practice (pp. 89–95). Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2257783
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
I (we) submit this article which is original and unpublished, of my (our) own authorship, to the evaluation of the Veredas do Direito Journal, and agree that the related copyrights will become exclusive property of the Journal, being prohibited any partial or total copy in any other part or other printed or online communication vehicle dissociated from the Veredas do Direito Journal, without the necessary and prior authorization that should be requested in writing to Editor in Chief. I (we) also declare that there is no conflict of interest between the articles theme, the author (s) and enterprises, institutions or individuals.
I (we) recognize that the Veredas do Direito Journal is licensed under a CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE.
Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
