The journal Veredas do Direito (ISSN 2179-8699) is dedicated to disseminating and fostering high-quality interdisciplinary scientific research, upholding rigorous academic standards and maintaining impartiality with respect to ideological perspectives. It values the internationalization of scholarship and ensures broad Brazilian regional representation among its authors, with a steadfast commitment to building a more just, free, and equal society in harmony with a healthier planet. Its academic excellence is demonstrated by its inclusion in internationally renowned indexing databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, as well as its A1 classification by Qualis-CAPES.
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LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND MIGRANT LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF RESEARCH TRENDS (2000–2024)
Language proficiency is widely recognised as a key determinant of migrant labour market integration, yet its meaning and value vary across disciplinary, institutional, and geographical contexts. This study presents a bibliometric and qualitative synthesis of 381 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2024 that examine language proficiency and migrant labour market outcomes. Using co-authorship analysis and keyword co-occurrence mapping, combined with a targeted review of highly cited and recent influential studies, the paper traces how language proficiency has been conceptualised and empirically assessed across the literature. The findings show that research is dominated by human capital and signalling approaches linking language proficiency to employment and earnings but also reveal persistent inequalities that language skills alone do not resolve. Institutional arrangements, discrimination, health, and socio-demographic factors substantially mediate the labour market value of language proficiency. The study reconceptualises language proficiency as a socially and institutionally mediated resource and highlights the need for more integrative and comparative approaches to migrant labour market research.
Practical pedagogical approaches for enhancing entrepreneurship education curriculum and graduate entrepreneur development in South African’s higher education
This study explores how practical pedagogy can catalyse the alignment of entrepreneurship education with the development of graduate entrepreneurs in South African higher education. Despite prioritising entrepreneurship education to address unemployment and economic challenges, the current curriculum remains predominantly theoretical, limiting graduates’ ability to translate knowledge into venture creation. Drawing on literature and empirical evidence, the study emphasises the integration of theory-based and action-oriented learning, mentorship, and work-integrated programs as essential components for fostering entrepreneurial intention and competencies. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through focus group interviews with 60 students from two universities in the Western Cape and analysed using Atlas.ti. Findings reveal significant gaps in pedagogical strategies, including the absence of practical frameworks, experiential learning, mentorship, and industrial exposure, which collectively hinder entrepreneurial development. The study recommends restructuring entrepreneurship pedagogy to incorporate interactive, student-centred approaches that combine conceptual knowledge with hands-on experiences, supported by mentorship and work-integrated learning. These interventions are critical for cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets and equipping graduates to pursue entrepreneurship as a viable career path. Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, practical pedagogy, theory-practice integration, mentorship, work-integrated learning.
STAR FOOTBALLERS’ BRAND BUILDING ON SOCIAL MEDIA: DIGITAL PRESENCE, AUTHENTICITY, AND MARKET VALUE
Today’s football players are no longer merely athletes but strategically constructed personal brands that generate substantial social and economic value. In the digital era, social media plays a pivotal role in this process by enabling direct interaction with fans while offering sponsors and brand partners an authentic channel to reach target audiences. Despite the growing relevance of athlete brand building, insights into the strategic mechanisms shaping footballers’ personal brands remain limited, particularly in smaller European football markets. This study examines how football players evolve into successful star brands, which strategic and tactical tools contribute to this process, and how digital presence influences reputation and market value. The research is grounded in the Model of Athlete Brand Image and the Athlete Brand Authenticity Model, providing a structured framework for analysing footballers as market actors. Using a qualitative research design, the study draws on in-depth expert interviews with sports marketing professionals, player agents, sponsorship managers, and social media strategists. The analysis includes perspectives related to the Hungarian football context, while also incorporating international examples discussed by the interviewees. The findings indicate that both on-field performance and off-field activities play a central role in athlete brand building. While consistent sporting performance primarily reinforces perceived authenticity and credibility, off-field activities and digital communication contribute to shaping visibility and audience engagement. These dynamics are particularly relevant for footballers operating in smaller markets such as Hungary, where brand-building opportunities are more limited compared to footballers playing in top European leagues and for strong national teams.
NURSE`S AWARENESS OF THE FORMS OF CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS AND THEIR PREVENTION MEASURES
Background: It is known that most catheter-related infections are caused by medical infections. Much of the medical manipulation that a nurse deals with in any daily activity may involve the placement of catheters in the human body. The present work attempts to study the awareness of nurses working in intensive care units in the city of Ruse, Bulgaria, about catheter-related infections and preventive measures associated with them. Material and Methods: To find out how much the nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Ruse, Bulgaria, are informed about the forms and measures for the prevention of catheter-related infections, we created a questionnaire containing 17 closed questions. A total of 68 questionnaires were sent to the two hospitals, corresponding to the number of working nurses at the ICU. Conclusion: The effect of "unused knowledge" is observed in some of the respondents. They know the rules that work, but it is impossible to follow them in practice.
DEVELOPING A FRAUD-RESISTANT PERFORMANCE-BASED BUDGETING MODEL FOR THE INDONESIAN NAVY: AN APPLICATION OF ACFE AND COSO FRAMEWORKS
This study develops a fraud-resistant performance-based budgeting (PBK) model for the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) by integrating the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) standards and the COSO internal control framework. Recent regulatory reforms in Indonesia (Minister of Finance Regulation No. 62/2023 and PMK 107/2024) emphasize performance alignment and accountability in public budgeting, yet implementation in defense institutions remains uneven and vulnerable to irregularities. Using a qualitative case study design, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with planning, finance, and internal audit personnel at TNI AL Headquarters (Srena, Diskual, and Itjenal), document review, and NVivo-assisted thematic analysis. Findings indicate that while the TNI AL has adopted performance-based planning mechanisms, gaps remain in risk assessment, monitoring, and detailed activity costing—factors associated with repeated budget revisions and reported overpayments. The study identifies multiple fraud drivers consistent with the ACFE Fraud Hexagon (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, ego, collusion), compounded by organizational factors (limited accounting capacity, cultural constraints on whistleblowing, and budget shortfalls). Based on these findings, we propose a revised PBK model that (1) applies SMART criteria to planning; (2) strengthens separation of duties and monitoring through COSO components; (3) enhances transparency and expenditure analysis via detailed RKA-K/L and e-reporting integration; and (4) embeds ACFE-aligned anti-fraud controls (whistleblowing, continuous audit, and anti-bribery measures). The proposed model is intended to improve the integrity and efficiency of defense budgeting and to inform policymakers and auditors designing controls in high-risk public sectors. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and directions for empirical validation across other defense branches.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION IN MEXICALI SMES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFITABILITY
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexicali, Baja California, play a fundamental role in the economic and social progress of the area. These companies are an important source of employment and contribute significantly to the revival of the local economy. The purpose of this study is to contribute to SMEs in Mexicali, Baja California, by discovering how strategic management and innovation can positively impact the profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises. The research has a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale was administered to a representative sample of 361 establishments determined by probabilistic sampling. The study includes a validation of the relationships between the variables Strategic Management, Innovation, and Profitability using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
REPAIRING THE SELF: MATERIAL MEMORY, SUSTAINABILITY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY CERAMIC ART
This article examines contemporary ceramic art as a site of autobiographical self-narration articulated through material memory, repair practices, and an emerging ethics of material sustainability. Moving beyond text-centered models of autobiography, it argues that ceramic materiality, particularly processes of breakage, fragmentation, and visible mending, functions as a non-textual mode of autobiographical expression. Rather than treating repair as a purely technical intervention, the study conceptualizes it as a narrative and material framework through which identity is constructed as fractured, contingent, and continually reassembled. Drawing on theories of narrative identity, material memory, and material agency, the article positions ceramic and porcelain materials as active narrative agents whose fragility enables memory to be registered through damage and repair while foregrounding questions of responsibility and sustainability. Through analyses of selected contemporary ceramic practices and a reflexive yet non-confessional engagement with artistic process, it demonstrates how visible seams and deliberate imperfections materialize lived experience and identity formation. By foregrounding repair as both a narrative and ethical strategy, the article expands auto/biography studies beyond textual paradigms and proposes the repaired self as a productive model of autobiographical identity grounded in material awareness, sustainability, and ongoing reconstruction.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN MODELO PEDAGÓGICO PARA FAVORECER LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO ESPECIALIZADO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS EN LA FORMACIÓN INICIAL DOCENTE
La formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas enfrenta el desafío de articular el conocimiento disciplinar con saberes didácticos y profesionales que permitan una enseñanza reflexiva y situada. En este contexto, el presente estudio analiza la implementación de un modelo pedagógico orientado a favorecer la construcción de conocimiento especializado para la enseñanza de las matemáticas en maestros en formación inicial. El modelo integra el marco del Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge (MTSK), la resolución de problemas como eje metodológico y un enfoque STEAM, y fue implementado en un programa de formación de maestros de educación básica primaria en una Escuela Normal del contexto colombiano. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, con características de investigación basada en el diseño, se examinan las decisiones pedagógicas del formador, la organización de las secuencias didácticas y las evidencias de aprendizaje profesional de los participantes. Los resultados muestran avances en la articulación entre conocimiento matemático y didáctico, particularmente en la anticipación de dificultades de aprendizaje, el uso intencional de representaciones y la reflexión sobre la enseñanza. Se discuten los alcances del modelo como dispositivo formativo en la formación inicial docente.
INNOVATIVE CURRICULAR CONCEPT OF THE EDUCATIONAL AREA MAN AND THE WORLD OF WORK AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
This article focuses on the innovative curricular concept of the educational area Man and the World of Work in primary education in the context of the ongoing curricular reform in the Slovak Republic. We pay attention to the concept of the educational area, its goals, and structure based on the integration of three interconnected components: technology, career education, and entrepreneurship and initiative. We analyze the new content of the technology component with a focus on developing students' technical literacy through activity- and experience-oriented teaching. The article also includes specific examples of the work of teachers and students in individual educational cycles, which illustrate the possibilities for the practical implementation of content and performance standards in educational practice.
LEGAL AWARENESS OF SPORTS INJURIES AMONG JORDANIAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS
This research measures the level of legal awareness with regard to sports injuries among Jordanian professional football players and examines its relationship with professional experience. The study used a quantitative, descriptive survey design that was conducted in the 2025 season with a sample of 175 players in all professional clubs in Jordan. Information were obtained through a standardized questionnaire focused in four areas: knowledge of injury related legal rights, understanding of liability and legal responsibilities, knowledge on procedures, information related to perception of fairness in the management. Results show that legal literacy is generally at low to medium level among players, where less experienced/experienced players tend to have the poorest perception levels. One-way ANOVA analysis also showed a significant impact of experience on legal awareness, in which athletes with more than 10 years had signiﬁcantly higher scores than those who were less expert inched (p < 0.01). Nonetheless, legal knowledge remained seemingly limited even among the more experienced players. These results support the implementation of specific educational programs, legal advice and formalized mentoring to enhance players’ knowledge regarding their rights and duties in dealing with injuries. Such interventions might improve equity, accountability, and safety in Jordanian professional football.
A REVIEW OF DIVERSE RELEASES ON PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM IN AUDITING
Professional skepticism is a distinctive qualification of auditors that is required by the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) to be maintained throughout the audit (ISA 240). Thus, the latter has been continuously subjected to various scrutiny by scholars in the field of accounting and auditing. This review of literature thoroughly assesses the approaches, findings, and other essential aspects of 30 empirical articles published apropos professional skepticism from 2012 to 2023 in renowned journals in accounting, auditing, and business ethics. By the very essence of this review, professional skepticism is conferred on the basis of its framework from divergent point of views. Moreover, the author contemplated on geographical settings, samples selected, sources of data, and the applied statistical techniques. As proposed, this piece of work progresses the frameworks and structures that are expected to expand and concur the diverse scholarly findings relative to professional skepticism.
INCLUSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JAKARTA AND SURABAYA
This study aims to determine the efforts of the Jakarta and Surabaya city governments in realizing inclusive public transportation. Considering that Jakarta and Surabaya are metropolitan cities and regions with very rapid urbanization in Indonesia, this study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The choice of qualitative method is adjusted to the research objective, namely, to analyze the research object in depth based on field data obtained from data sources. The results of the study indicate that the government has succeeded in prioritizing accessibility for vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, the elderly, women, and children, through user-friendly designs such as wheelchair ramps, hydraulic lifts, guiding blocks, and optimal lighting at bus stops. However, there are very significant differences between Jakarta and Surabaya, especially in mobility access and facilities to and within public transportation. Meanwhile, the level of public participation in using public transportation is also very high, with people in Jakarta using public transportation more as an alternative to reduce congestion and air pollution. This is certainly part of the community's ease of mobility. Meanwhile, in Surabaya, the level of public participation is very high due to the innovation of the payment system that not only uses e-money but also uses plastic bottles as travel tickets.
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO DEVELOP AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE MARINE SECURITY IN THE MALACCA STRAIT
The Malacca Strait is a crucial maritime corridor that facilitates a significant portion of global trade, making its security paramount for economic stability in the region and beyond. This paper examines the various opportunities and threats associated with developing an integrated model of stakeholder collaboration designed to enhance marine security in the Strait. The significance of stakeholder collaboration is underscored, highlighting its potential to address complex maritime security challenges. The findings aim to provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in maritime governance.
TEST LEE: ADAPTACIÓN Y AMPLIACIÓN DE BAREMOS ECUATORIANOS
El estudio se centró en la ampliación y adaptación de los baremos del instrumento de evaluación LEE de lectura y escritura en Ecuador. De modo que el principal objetivo se centró en la obtención de la validación psicométrica de la prueba y en la construcción de normas para la Educación General Básica. En el estudio se utilizó un diseño de tipo no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población objeto de estudio, compuesta por 611 niños y niñas de 6 a 11 años, se distribuyó de forma equitativa por sexo y nivel escolar. Se diseñaron y aplicaron cuatro versiones para la construcción del instrumento: prepiloto, piloto, test-retest y definitiva, a la que se le realizaron análisis de fiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach, Kuder-Richardson, test-retest) y validez (métrica, criterio, externo y rendimiento académico), entre otros. Se encontró que la mayoría de las subpruebas contenían coeficientes de validez y consistencia alineados a las expectativas teóricas. En consecuencia, el test LEE constituye en la actualidad un instrumento que puede ser considerado como válido y confiable para la evaluación de los procesos de lectura y escritura en Ecuador; además, se obtuvieron baremos normativos para su uso en el país.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NUMBER 23 OF 2019 ON THE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL RESOURCES: HUMAN RESOURCE EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIA’S RESERVE COMPONENT FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE
The management of national resources for defence in Indonesia has been formally strengthened through Law Number 23 of 2019, which institutionalises the reserve component as part of a total defence posture. Human resource empowerment of the reserve component constitutes a decisive condition for readiness because the reserve force is recruited from civilians who remain embedded in labour markets and education systems. This article examines how the legal and regulatory architecture operationalises empowerment of reserve human resources and identifies implementation risks typical of cross-sector programmes. A qualitative document analysis was conducted on the principal statute and key implementing regulations, supported by a thematic synthesis of recent literature on total defence governance and reserve force management. The findings indicate that the framework provides a structured pipeline from voluntary recruitment to basic military training and subsequent refresher training while also specifying protections for employment and education continuity. Implementation vulnerabilities remain concentrated in interagency coordination, employer and university support arrangements, data governance, and sustained incentives for readiness in peacetime. The contribution is delivered through an implementation-oriented reading of the legal framework that links statutory design to practical empowerment mechanisms and performance metrics.
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN EXPLOITING AND USING MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE H’MONG PEOPLE IN HANG KIA COMMUNE, MAI CHAU DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE IN THE DIRECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The article examines the indigenous knowledge of the H’Mong people in the exploitation and use of medicinal plants in Hang Kia commune, Phu Tho province, from a sustainable development perspective. In the context of declining medicinal plant resources due to overexploitation and the erosion of traditional knowledge, the study highlights the distinctive role of medicinal plants in the livelihoods, health care practices, and spiritual life of the H’Mong community. Through secondary document analysis, field observation, in-depth interviews, and group discussions with traditional healers, village elders, and elderly women, the research demonstrates that H’Mong folk medical knowledge is deeply localized, orally transmitted across generations, and closely intertwined with beliefs in the deity of medicine. Diagnosis, harvesting, and treatment are consistently accompanied by spiritual rituals, which function as a self-regulating mechanism in the use of natural resources. The findings document a list of 20 commonly used medicinal plant species, conserved primarily through two approaches: cultivation in home gardens and selective harvesting in forests. Practices such as avoiding large-scale extraction, refraining from commercial trade in medicinal materials, and differences in medicinal knowledge among ethnic groups help reduce pressure on plant resources. The article concludes that conserving medicinal plants must be inseparable from safeguarding indigenous knowledge and the communities that hold it, viewing this integration as a foundation for sustainable development and the preservation of cultural identity.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN REQUEST PATTERNS AMONG STUDENTS AT TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY
Politeness, both a linguistic and sociocultural construct, has been extensively examined within Speech Act Theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1979) and Brown and Levinson’s (1987) model of face management. However, empirical research on the pragmatic behaviour of Romanian (L1) learners of English (L2) remains limited. This study addresses that gap by analysing how Romanian students formulate requests in both languages and by examining potential transfer from native politeness conventions. A Discourse Completion Task (DCT) with sixteen scenarios varying in power, distance, and imposition was completed by 126 students from Transilvania University of Brașov. Responses were analysed qualitatively using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) and Trosborg’s (1995) typologies of request strategies. Conventionally indirect forms dominated in both languages but appeared more frequently and elaborately in L1. L2 requests were syntactically polite yet more direct and less contextually mitigated. L1 data showed greater use of external modifiers - apologies, explanations, and greetings - indicating heightened sensitivity to hierarchy. Evidence of pragmatic transfer emerged in the overuse of L2 markers such as please, sorry, and kindly, mirroring L1 deference patterns. Overall, the findings confirm that while learners master the linguistic forms of English politeness, their pragmatic performance remains shaped by Romanian sociocultural norms.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH AWARENESS IN SHAPING CONSUMERS’ TRUST AND PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARD ONLINE ORGANIC FOOD: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
The growth of online food stores has greatly influenced the consumer buying pattern especially in the organic food product market. The paper explores the connection between health awareness and the intention to buy organic food online with reference to trust and confidence in health-related information. The collected data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 100 consumers of Pakistan and analyzed using SPSS. The relationships between health awareness and trust in online organic food, confidence in digital information, and purchase intention were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and principal component analysis. The results indicate a strong statistically significant positive correlation between health awareness and online organic food purchase intention. The regression analysis proves the hypothesis that the effect of health-related perceptions, as a bloc, has a strong effect on purchase intention. Moreover, principal component analysis reveals a health-oriented factor that significantly influences the variance with a preponderance implying that health awareness, trust and intention are interrelated in the form of an integrated thinking system. The research is an addition to the existing body of knowledge on online food consumption because it reveals how health awareness is a key influencer of online organic food buying behavior.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A LIFE SKILLS PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION MODULE (LISPSYM) IN REDUCING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Rehabilitation of aggressive behaviour among adolescents in juvenile correctional institutions remains a critical challenge, particularly in the development of structured and evidence-based intervention frameworks. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Skills Psychoeducational Intervention Module (LISPSYM) in reducing overall aggression and its four subscales—physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility—among male adolescents in juvenile correctional institutions. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 64 male adolescents selected through purposive sampling and assigned to a treatment group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). The treatment group participated in twelve structured LISPSYM sessions, while the control group received standard institutional programmes. Data were collected at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up using the validated Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant and sustained reductions in overall aggression and all subscales within the treatment group, with large effect sizes (η²). Consistent with Jessor’s Problem Behavior Theory (1977), the findings indicate that structured psychoeducational interventions can modify maladaptive behaviour by strengthening psychosocial competencies and adaptive coping skills. The study highlights LISPSYM as a culturally relevant and practical framework to support behavioural regulation and social reintegration among institutionalised adolescents.
ENSURING LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL JUDGMENTS AGAINST REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS: ASSET SEIZURE AND CONTINGENCY EXPENDITURE
This study examines the problem of legal certainty in the execution of civil judgments against regional governments in Indonesia. Although court judgments that have attained final and binding force (inkracht van gewijsde) possess executorial authority, their enforcement is frequently impeded by the statutory prohibition on the seizure of state and regional assets, as stipulated in Article 50 of Law Number 1 of 2004 on State Treasury. The inability to impose executorial seizure often results in delays in the fulfillment of the prevailing party’s rights and undermines public confidence in the judicial system. Employing a normative juridical research method, this study analyzes two principal enforcement mechanisms: the possibility of executing seizure over regional government assets and the utilization of contingency expenditure (Belanja Tidak Terduga/BTT) within the regional budget. The findings indicate that the seizure of regional assets is legally permissible on a case-by-case basis, particularly with respect to assets that do not serve essential public functions or originate from unlawful land occupation. In addition, the use of contingency expenditure may be legally justified to satisfy court-imposed monetary obligations classified as urgent needs, especially to prevent greater state losses resulting from the accumulation of interest. This study recommends the establishment of a clearer and more explicit regulatory framework to ensure legal certainty regarding the timeframe and effectiveness of judgment execution by regional governments.
THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACH UNDER BAHRAINI AND COMPARATIVE LAW
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced field of computer science focused on developing machines and systems capable of performing tasks that require human-like intelligence. It encompasses various subfields, including Machine Learning and Deep Learning, with the latter often associated with recent advancements in neural networks. The rapid expansion of AI across industries is driven by the availability of vast datasets and improvements in computational power, enabling automation, innovation, and enhanced decision-making. However, the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding AI remains complex and evolving. A unified legal definition is yet to be established, as regulations must consider the diverse applications and implications of AI systems. Current efforts, particularly in the European Union, show promise in addressing AI governance, though legislative clarity is still a work in progress. As AI continues to shape technology, business, and creativity, responsible development and regulation will be critical to ensuring ethical and equitable deployment.
ARE SCHOLARS GOING DIGITAL? A GLOBAL STUDY ON THEATRE
The introduction of digital technologies into the field of theatre marks a qualitative rupture distinct from previous technical transformations. Digital theatre necessitates not only the adoption of new tools on stage but also a fundamental reconsideration of theatre’s core concepts. Today, texts generated by artificial intelligence, virtual performers, and digital design-based practices have become increasingly common. But how do theatre scholars perceive this evolutionary transformation? This study focuses on the scholar perspective on digitalization in theatre and aims to construct a “map of opinions.” To this end, a field study was conducted with the participation of 114 scholars from 37 countries, using a 20-item questionnaire. In the study, where the dependent variable was defined as “digital orientations” and the independent variable as “theatre scholars,” a five-point Likert scale was employed. The study was structured around four main sections: Beliefs, Expectations, Concerns, and Transformations. All sections were designed to unpack contemporary issues related to digital theatre, including artificial intelligence, liveness, and archiving. In the Beliefs section, the effects of the current digital framework were examined; in Expectations, future possibilities were considered; in Concerns, potential risks were addressed; and in Transformations, the practical changes that digital theatre has produced or is expected to produce were analyzed.
THE PLACE AND METAPHORICAL MEANINGS OF THE WELL CONCEPT IN ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS
This study examines the interpretation and metaphorical meanings of the well meta-phor in the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). Through an analysis of Prophet Joseph's experience with the well, it is observed that the well is treated not merely as a physical place but as a symbol of spiritual journey, trials, and divine wisdom. In the Jewish tra-dition, the well is interpreted as a symbol of exile and redemption; in the Christian tradition as a prefiguration of the Passion and Resurrection of Christ, and in the Islamic tradition as a stage of self-discipline and spiritual development. Employing comparative textual analysis and semiotic methods, the study explores the multi-layered structure of the well metaphor by examining sacred texts, exegeses, and modern interpretations. Consequently, the well metaphor emerges not only as an element of religious narrative but also as a universal symbol that describes humanity's exis-tential journey, its falls and rises, and its oscillations between hope and despair. It serves as a guide for modern individuals in coping with life's challenges, discovering themselves, and achieving spiritual maturity.
PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA AND THE NETHERLANDS
This article examines the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through a comparative study of Indonesia and the Netherlands. It addresses inefficiencies in Indonesian SOEs, reflected in concentrated dividend contributions, recurring losses, and strong state intervention in corporate decision-making. The study compares how both countries structure the relationship between the state and SOEs to identify governance models that may enhance efficiency in Indonesia. Using a law-in-context method and historical approach, the research analyzes statutory frameworks, institutional arrangements, and political developments shaping SOE governance. Through macro-comparative analysis, it evaluates how legal design affects managerial autonomy and accountability. The findings show that Indonesia maintains a dominant state role, treating SOEs as both business entities and public policy instruments. This dual function limits corporate autonomy and creates legal uncertainty regarding the responsibility of company organs. In contrast, the Netherlands positions the state primarily as shareholder, subjecting SOEs to general corporate law and market discipline. The article concludes that governance philosophy influences performance outcomes and recommends strengthening corporate autonomy, clarifying the separation between public finance and corporate assets, and consistently applying corporate law principles to improve efficiency and accountability.
BRECHAS EN EL DESARROLLO DEL LENGUAJE Y LA ADQUISICIÓN DE LA LECTOESCRITURA INICIAL DEL TERCER GRADO DE EDUCACIÓN PREBÁSICA Y EL PRIMER GRADO DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
El desarrollo del lenguaje es un componente clave en la adquisición de la lectoescritura inicial y en el desempeño académico temprano. En este marco, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar relación entre teorías del desarrollo del lenguaje y procesos metodológicos aplicados en el tercer grado de educación prebásica y primer grado de educación básica en el departamento de Intibucá en 2025, como evidencia para comprender su contribución al proceso de adquisición de lectoescritura emergente e inicial. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental de tipo correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada 301 docentes de tercer grado de educación prebásica y primer grado de educación básica del departamento de Intibucá, Honduras. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y validado que permitió identificar el grado de conocimiento e implementación de enfoques teóricos del desarrollo del lenguaje, así como los procesos metodológicos utilizados en el aula. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, pruebas inferenciales y correlacionales. Los resultados evidencian relaciones significativas entre uso de teorías cognitivas, socioculturales, neurolingüísticas y la implementación de prácticas pedagógicas orientadas al fortalecimiento del lenguaje y lectoescritura inicial, así mismo se identificaron brechas educativas. Se concluye que la fundamentación teórica basada en evidencia científica favorece prácticas metodológicas coherentes y efectivas en los primeros años de escolaridad.
POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF FINANCIAL REGULATIONS IN NIGERIA
This mixed-methods research investigated the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and readiness for compliance of postgraduate accounting students concerning Nigerian financial regulations. An explanatory sequential research design was utilized. Quantitative data were gathered from 150 postgraduate students through a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 15 participants selected purposefully. The quantitative data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and Pearson product-moment correlation, while the qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The findings revealed high levels of regulatory awareness (cluster M ≈ 2.97, SD ≈ 0.77), knowledge/understanding (cluster M ≈ 2.89, SD ≈ 0.80), favorable attitudes towards financial regulation (cluster M ≈ 2.93, SD ≈ 0.72), and readiness for compliance (cluster M ≈ 3.01, SD ≈ 0.74). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between attitude and knowledge (r = .347, p < .01). The 95% confidence interval for the correlation ranged from .198 to .481, suggesting a stable positive association. The qualitative findings highlighted the perceived relevance of financial regulations to professional practice, deficiencies in curriculum depth, dependence on informal regulatory exposure, and the necessity for structured, practice-oriented regulatory training. While students exhibited positive attitudes towards compliance, many recognized their limited practical engagement with statutory frameworks. The study concludes that enhancing curricular integration and experiential exposure to regulatory frameworks is crucial for improving regulatory competence among postgraduate accounting students in Nigeria.
THE INFLUENCE OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF GASOLINE FIRMS
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of Foreign Ownership (FO), Organizational Ownership (IO), Internal Ownership (MO), Ownership Concentration (OC), and State-Owned (SO) on financial performance, measured by return on assets (ROA), of gasoline enterprises on the Vietnamese stock market. The research sample consists of 20 listed gasoline firms observed over the period 2021–2024, employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. A regression model is developed to examine the relationships between the explanatory variables and ROA, while ensuring the validity of key linear regression assumptions. The empirical results reveal that no effect of organizational ownership (IO) on ROA was found; no effect of foreign ownership (FO) on ROA was found; internal ownership (MO) had a negative effect with a coefficient of -.0818785; ownership concentration (OC) had a positive effect with a coefficient of .0432445; and state-owned (SO) had a negative effect with a coefficient of -.0423326. The findings provide valuable empirical evidence for corporate managers, investors, and policymakers in designing financial strategies and improving the business performance of gasoline enterprises in Vietnam.
TRADICIÓN E INNOVACIÓN EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD CULTURAL DE QUINUA
El presente estudio analiza la construcción de la identidad cultural del pueblo de Quinua, ubicado en la región Ayacucho, Perú. Destacando cómo, la tradición, la artesanía, la gastronomía y el sentido de pertenencia, fortalecen su identidad colectiva. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo y método etnográfico, se realizaron entrevistas a artesanos y pobladores, para comprender los procesos de transmisión generacional y la influencia de la modernización. Los resultados evidencian que la artesanía, especialmente la cerámica, constituye el principal símbolo identitario, transmitido de generación en generación como expresión de la historia, los valores y la creatividad local. Asimismo, la gastronomía y las festividades reflejan la memoria colectiva y la cohesión social de la comunidad. Si bien la modernidad presenta desafíos que pueden debilitar tradiciones, también ofrece oportunidades para revitalizarlas mediante la educación, la tecnología y el turismo cultural sostenible. Finalmente, el estudio resalta el sentido de pertenencia de los quinuenses como elemento esencial para preservar su patrimonio cultural y fortalecer su desarrollo social y económico.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION QUALITY AND CREDIBILITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN CRISIS INTERVENTION COMMUNICATION: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA
This study investigates how social media information quality, credibility, user engagement, digital literacy, and psychological resilience influence crisis intervention communication among university students in Yunnan, China. The objective was to understand how content attributes and individual capacities shape students’ ability to access, evaluate, and act on crisis-related information on platforms such as WeChat, Douyin, and Weibo. Using structural equation modeling, results indicate that digital literacy strongly predicts crisis communication (β = 0.870, p < 0.001) and moderates the effects of social media credibility (β = 0.543, p < 0.001) and quality (β = 0.442, p < 0.001), while psychological resilience enhances communication (β = 0.372, p < 0.001) and strengthens the influence of credibility (β = 0.329, p < 0.001) and quality (β = 0.382, p < 0.001). Credibility affects both engagement (β = 0.240, p < 0.05) and communication (β = 0.588, p < 0.001), whereas quality influences communication (β = 0.215, p = 0.003) but not engagement. User engagement mediates the effects of content features on communication. The study’s novelty lies in integrating content characteristics with user-level moderators and validating engagement as a mediator in a non-Western academic context. Findings suggest that effective crisis communication requires credible, high-quality content supported by digital literacy and resilience. Practically, universities and crisis managers should emphasize interactive content, digital skills, and resilience-building to optimize student preparedness and coordinated responses.
TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE WITH TAX COLLECTION IN INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AND IMPACT
Taxes are mandatory contributions from the public to the state treasury as regulated by law, so that their collection is compulsory and does not provide direct compensation to the payer. Meanwhile, taxpayer compliance is the action of taxpayers in fulfilling their tax obligations as regulated by law and following the regulations that apply in the country. The purpose of this scientific article is to determine the effect of taxpayer compliance on tax collection in Indonesia. This study uses a juridical-normative method with primary and secondary data sources. The analysis is conducted descriptively and qualitatively through theme grouping, data classification, and interpretation of legal meanings in a social context to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the issues under review. The results of the study show that tax awareness, tax knowledge, the quality of fiscal services, tax morality, and the application of sanctions have a significant effect on the level of taxpayer compliance. In addition, a high level of compliance can increase the efficiency of tax collection and optimize state revenue.
REFORMAS BORBÓNICAS, COCHINILLA Y RACIALIZACIÓN DEL TRABAJO INDÍGENA
El artículo analiza el proyecto de cultivo de cochinilla impulsado en 1792 en los corregimientos de Riobamba y Latacunga como un caso para examinar las prácticas de gobierno local durante las Reformas Borbónicas. Más que centrarse en el fracaso económico del proyecto, el estudio explora los discursos administrativos y políticos utilizados por corregidores y autoridades eclesiásticas para justificar su no ejecución, particularmente aquellos que apelaban a la supuesta inferioridad y falta de racionalidad de las poblaciones indígenas. A partir de una metodología a contrapelo y del análisis de algunos expedientes del Archivo Histórico Nacional de Ecuador y de los estatutos de la Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País de Quito, se demuestra que el reformismo borbónico, lejos de generar una gestión eficiente, reforzó formas de intervención autoritaria y discursos racializados que encubrieron contradicciones normativas y conflictos de intereses de los funcionarios coloniales.
DIREITO À SAÚDE, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE (SUS): DESAFIOS PARA A UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO DO CUIDADO
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os desafios para a universalização do cuidado no âmbito do direito à saúde, com foco nas políticas públicas e na organização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com base no protocolo PRISMA, a partir de buscas nas bases SciELO, Scopus, DOAJ e Google Acadêmico, utilizando palavras-chave combinadas por operadores booleanos, adotando como critérios de inclusão artigos brasileiros, em língua portuguesa, gratuitos, disponíveis na íntegra e publicados entre 2023 e 2024, sendo excluídos duplicatas, teses, dissertações, resumos e publicações que não atendiam à temática proposta; os dados selecionados foram organizados e analisados por meio do software NVivo (CAQDAS), permitindo a codificação e categorização temática. Os resultados evidenciaram que, embora o direito à saúde esteja constitucionalmente assegurado, persistem desafios estruturais relacionados ao subfinanciamento, à judicialização, às desigualdades regionais e sociais, à fragilidade da atenção primária e à necessidade de maior articulação interfederativa, demonstrando que a universalização do cuidado exige fortalecimento da gestão, financiamento adequado e políticas públicas integradas para garantir efetividade e equidade no acesso aos serviços de saúde.
Carolinna Simonetti Meira Pires Barbalho
GERAÇÕES PRESENTES E FUTURAS, MEIO AMBIENTE E CULTURA: POR UMA TEMPORALIZAÇÃO SOCIAL DAS GERAÇÕES NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO
As gerações, passadas, presentes e futuras encontram-se vinculadas entre si, em uma interação humanidade-espaço-tempo. Nessa medida, o direito brasileiro trata de estabelecer o dever geracional do Estado e da coletividade/comunidade de transmitir um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e o patrimônio cultural acumulado, no interesse das presentes e futuras gerações. Todavia, o legislador não explicita o que entende por gerações, o que dificulta uma aplicação concreta da norma. Diante disso, questiona-se: qual o conceito jurídico de gerações, no direito brasileiro? Para responder a essa pergunta, são analisadas as contribuições teóricas de Karl Mannheim, na sociologia, em meio ao diálogo entre as correntes positivista e histórico-romântica; e sócio-histórica, a partir da noção de tempo público em François Ost. O objetivo geral é identificar os possíveis contornos das gerações presentes e futuras, no constitucionalismo brasileiro, em um diálogo com o meio ambiente e a cultura. Trata-se de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no campo teórico. Em sede de resultados, constata-se que a composição de gerações é um processo sociogenético dinâmico que não comporta uma visão puramente objetiva do tempo biológico, nem exclusivamente subjetiva do tempo interior, o que conduz à necessidade de uma “temporalização social das gerações” no direito brasileiro.
PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK ENVIRONMENT AND EMPLOYEE WELLBEING: STRESS AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS
The study examines the impact of the psychosocial work environment, measured as a high-order construct, on employee wellbeing, with stress as a mediator and personality as a moderator. The study collects the data from 230 employees across multiple sectors in Pakistan. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling, the results reveal that psychosocial work environment has a positive effect on employee wellbeing both directly and indirectly through the reduction of stress. Additionally, personality significantly moderates stress and well-being relationships, indicating that individual differences influence the extent to which stress impacts wellbeing. These findings are consistent with Job Demands–Resources and Conservation of Resources theories. This study contributes by validating PWE as a multidimensional construct within a single integrated model, offering new insights for enhancing wellbeing in developing country contexts. The findings suggest that organisations should enhance leadership capabilities, manage workloads effectively, and minimize offensive behaviour to foster supportive work environments. Further, improving psychosocial work conditions promotes healthier workplaces, leading to improved mental health and productivity in the broader society. ping country contexts.
NATIONAL SECURITY LAW AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN TURKEY
This article argues that Türkiye’s national security governance is legally fragmented across counter-terrorism, intelligence, digital surveillance and emergency regimes, producing deficits in legal certainty, accountability and rights protection. Using comparative doctrinal analysis of the United States (USA PATRIOT Act), the United Kingdom (Investigatory Powers Act 2016; National Security Act 2023) and the European Union’s fundamental-rights and data-protection standards, it develops a blueprint for a holistic National Security Law (NSL) for Türkiye. The proposed design combines a narrow and justiciable threat definition, a tiered powers architecture (ordinary times/escalating risk/state of emergency), mandatory reporting to Parliament, independent oversight, and strengthened judicial authorisation. It embeds end-to-end safeguards for surveillance and data processing, data minimisation, retention limits, audit trails, delayed notification and effective remedies, while constraining emergency powers through strict time limits, qualified-majority extensions and sunset clauses. Drawing on Foucault’s panopticism and Agamben’s “state of exception”, the article explains how vague security norms can generate chilling effects, weaken legitimacy and depress civic participation. It concludes that a rights-consistent NSL can improve security effectiveness and public trust, and address climate/disaster-related risks without securitising environmental civic space.
AWARENESS AND USE OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR VOCABULARY BUILDING AMONG BILINGUAL ESL LEARNERS IN PAKISTAN
Vocabulary learning is a key component of second language acquisition, especially in multilingual contexts where learners shift across languages. This study examines the awareness, use, and conceptualization of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS) among bilingual ESL learners in Pakistan, drawing on the direct and indirect strategy frameworks of Oxford (1990) and Schmitt (1997). Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative data using surveys were complemented with qualitative data using classroom observations in higher secondary schools. Findings show that learners have moderate awareness of direct strategies such as repetition and dictionary use, as well as limited understanding of indirect strategies like metacognitive planning, contextual inference, and self-monitoring. Teacher-centered, exam-driven practices underutilize the cognitive advantages associated with bilingualism. The present study recommends explicit strategy instructions, teacher professional development, and curriculum reforms to promote learner autonomy and strengthen vocabulary learning in Pakistani ESL classrooms.
SELECTING EFFICIENT DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A NOVEL FRACTAL FUZZY-BASED DECISION-MAKING PERSPECTIVE
Digital transformation is increasingly viewed as a central mechanism for improving efficiency and service quality in public administration, yet public organizations often face difficulties in systematically prioritizing digital reform initiatives. The main challenge lies in evaluating alternative strategies under conditions of limited resources, institutional constraints, and uncertainty. Although the existing literature provides extensive discussions on digital government and public sector innovation, it offers relatively limited guidance on how decision makers can objectively compare and rank digital transformation strategies using integrated and transparent analytical frameworks. In response to this gap, this study aims to develop a comprehensive decision-making model to support the prioritization of digital transformation strategies that enhance public sector efficiency. The proposed hybrid framework integrates the COWEB technique for determining criteria importance, the RATGOS approach for ranking strategic alternatives, and generalized fractal fuzzy sets to more effectively manage ambiguity in expert judgments. Evaluation criteria and strategic alternatives are identified through a detailed literature review and expert consultations. The results indicate that implementation complexity is the most influential criterion, while the adoption of AI based public service applications represents the most effective strategy. The study provides original methodological contributions and practical insights to support feasible, consistent, and sustainable digital transformation decisions in public administration.
SUSTAINING PLACE IDENTITY IN CULTURAL AND CREATIVE CLUSTERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Cultural and Creative Clusters (CCCs) are increasingly recognized as arenas of urban innovation, cultural transmission, and social transformation. Yet, existing research has often underplayed the role of Place Identity (PI) in sustaining cultural continuity and supporting innovative ecosystems, thereby limiting the scope of scholarly perspectives. To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 checklist, screening 218 publications from 2021 to 2025 and selecting 23 representative articles that capture the latest advances in PI–CCC scholarship. Scientometric analysis examined publication years, geographic distribution, meth-odological approaches, regional types, and key concepts, while thematic analysis identified core research dimensions and thematic orientations. The findings reveal that PI is constituted through three interdependent dimensions, Material, Experiential, and Constructive, that are dynamically articulated in an “Anchored, Felt, and Redefined” coupling process. Comparative analysis further highlights operational mechanisms that stabilize or undermine PI, including governance strategies, heritage preservation and authenticity, accessibility and everyday practices, aesthetic–authenticity relations, image-led renewal, and sensory environments. By consolidating these insights, the study offers a reusable theoretical and methodological toolbox spanning conceptual integration, ana-lytical paradigms, and governance applications, thereby advancing a more systematic and nuanced understanding of PI in CCCs.
EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE OF AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN SMART NATURE TOURISM
Augmented reality technology includes digital components in real life instantly, giving innovative ways to complement experiences in different areas. Although there is an extended investigation in the educative context, the use in nature tourism has not been yet researched enough. This investigation evaluates the acceptance of RA applications in protected natural areas using the Technological Acceptance Model. The methodology combines a quantitative survey (n=120) and a focus group (n=8) in the Recreational National Area “El Boliche” in Ecuador. The findings reveal that Perceived Unity and the Attitude are the principal predictors of usage intention explaining the 58% of the variance. Also, the findings indicate that educative value, the contextual usage worries and the ludic factor are the main elements that affect the acceptance. It is confirmed that augmented reality improves considerably the experience of the relationship interpretation with traditional methods, supporting the capacity of development of touristic, intelligent and sustainable destinies. This study offers a proven methodological structure to evaluate the acceptance of augmented reality in nature tourism and highlights design considerations for educational, useful and attractive applications in nature contexts.
DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG FLIGHT ATTENDANTS: A CASE STUDY OF VIETNAM AIRLINES
Amidst the escalating "war for talent" in Vietnam's liberalized aviation market, retaining skilled flight attendants has become a critical strategic challenge. This study quantitatively assesses the key antecedents of organizational commitment among flight attendants at the national carrier, Vietnam Airlines. Drawing on survey data from 287 flight attendants, a multiple linear regression model was employed to determine the relative importance of seven potential drivers. The results reveal that 'Training and Promotion Opportunities' is the preeminent driver of commitment. Notably, intrinsic and experiential factors, such as 'Cultural Interaction Opportunities' and 'Colleague Relations', are significantly more influential than traditional transactional rewards. Conversely, 'Remuneration and Benefits', while statistically significant, emerged as the weakest predictor, suggesting its role as a foundational 'hygiene factor' rather than a primary motivator for loyalty. The study concludes that for Vietnam Airlines, cultivating long-term commitment hinges more on strategic investments in career development and enriching the work experience than on incremental financial incentives. These findings provide critical, context-specific insights for human resource strategy in emerging aviation markets.
REFRAMING THE RULE OF LAW INDEX IN THE AGE OF AI AND BIG DATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL STATE GOVERNANCE
Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data are rapidly transforming the architecture and operation of contemporary state governance. In this evolving context, the Rule of Law Index developed by the World Justice Project (WJP) has become a central global benchmark for assessing legal integrity and governance quality. Yet the rise of data-driven and algorithmic decision-making systems poses profound challenges to the foundational principles of the rule of law in the digital age. This article critically examines how AI reshapes core rule-of-law dimensions—transparency, accountability, procedural fairness, and the protection of fundamental rights. While AI-enabled governance promises greater efficiency, consistency, and predictive capacity, algorithmic opacity, embedded bias, and diffused responsibility risk undermining legal certainty and democratic legitimacy. To reconcile innovation with legality, the study advances an integrated legal-technological governance framework grounded in human-centred rule-of-law values. It further argues for a methodological recalibration of the Rule of Law Index to capture the structural impact of digital technologies on governance performance. Such an approach offers a normative foundation for institutional reform in Vietnam and other developing jurisdictions navigating accelerated digital transformation.
GROWTH WITHOUT COMPROMISE: HOW INDONESIAN CREDIT UNIONS NAVIGATE SUSTAINABILITY AND EXPANSION
Credit Unions (CUs) in Indonesia, particularly in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), play a vital role in financial inclusion for underserved communities. However, bal-ancing outreach to high-risk borrowers with financial sustainability remains a chal-lenge. This study investigates the impact of operational costs, Daperma (Joint Pro-tection Fund), and technology adoption (e.g., Sikopdit application) on CU sus-tainability and outreach. Using panel data regression on 50 CUs in NTT from 2015–2024, we find that Daperma and technology adoption significantly enhance both sustainability (measured by return on assets) and outreach (depth to high-risk borrowers), while taxes and employee costs have negligible or negative effects. These findings reject prior studies emphasizing tax burdens (Cull et al., 2011) and highlight the unique role of local innovations like Daperma. In contrast, it is pro-pose strategies for CUs to leverage technology and social capital for sustainable growth, contributing to SDG 1 (No Poverty) and 8 (Decent Work).
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONING: INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
This paper examines how digital technologies are transforming parliamentary questioning processes in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Vietnam. While technology has contributed to faster procedures, greater transparency, and enhanced accountability—thereby reshaping the exercise of political power—its effects vary significantly across national contexts. The study proposes a four-level framework for digital transformation in parliamentary questioning, ranging from basic procedural digitization to advanced models that enable citizen co-creation of the questioning agenda. Based on this framework, the paper offers policy implications for improving the effectiveness and accountability of parliamentary questioning in the digital age.
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FIRM PROFITABILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN VIETNAM
This study examines the impact of working capital management (WCM) on firm profitability with a particular focus on financial sustainability in an emerging market context. Utilizing panel data from 649 non-financial enterprises registered on Vietnamese stock markets from 2019 to 2023, company profitability is represented by return on assets (ROA), while working capital management is assessed through the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and the current ratio (CR). To account for any nonlinear effects, squared terms of CCC and CR are included in the regression models. The empirical study uses pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects (FEM), and random-effects (REM) estimators. The results provide strong evidence of nonlinear relationships between working capital management and corporate profitability. The CCC has a U-shaped relationship with ROA. This means that both extremely aggressive and unduly relaxed working capital practices can hurt profits. On the other hand, the CR shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with profitability. The study contributes to the field of sustainable finance by demonstrating that effective management of working capital enhances the resilience of firms in Vietnam and fosters long-term economic success.
INTEGRATİNG URBAN GREEN AND CREATİVE SPACE DESİGN İN ENHANCİNG COMMUNİTY-BASED CULTURAL TOURİSM İN YOGYAKARTA
The development of community-based cultural tourism is a crucial strategy for sustainable urban development, particularly in a cultural city like Yogyakarta. This article aims to analyze the integration of Green and Blue Open Spaces with community-based urban creative spaces to support inclusive and sustainable cultural tourism. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method on the Sayidan Alley activity in Sayidan Village, Yogyakarta City. Data were obtained through field observations, documentation, and literature review. The analysis shows that the integration of open spaces with community-based creative activities can transform marginal areas into productive public spaces, strengthen local cultural identity, and encourage the growth of the community's creative economy. However, this study also identified conceptual and practical challenges, particularly related to the sustainability of spatial management, the potential for cultural commodification, and the risk of social exclusion if the tourism approach is too event- and visual-aesthetic-oriented. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the role of the community as the primary actor, providing long-term institutional support, and policies that ensure spatial equity in the development of urban creative spaces. The integration of open spaces and creative spaces is positioned not only as a tourism instrument but also as a strategy for community empowerment and local cultural preservation.
DEEP LEARNING FROM A PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT APPROACH BASED ON STUDENT EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This study examines the impact of assessment strategies that foster deep learning within a transformational model focused on student empowerment. Deep learning is understood as students’ ability to build meaningful understanding, think critically, and transfer knowledge across contexts. Transformational assessment shifts attention from summative judgment to practices that promote continuous learning, reflection, and active participation. Student empowerment involves learners taking responsibility for selecting evidence, interpreting expectations, and using analytical rubrics to guide their performance. A qualitative–descriptive intrinsic case study was conducted with 20 university students participating in a learning experience based on transformational assessment. Data were collected from reflections, discussions, and analyses of assessment tasks using an inverse planning model and analytical rubrics, then coded thematically. Findings show that students strengthened critical and reflective skills by questioning and analyzing their own assessment tasks. Through inverse planning, they identified relevant evidence and exercised autonomy in assembling it according to rubric criteria. These strategies allowed them to move beyond memorization toward deeper understanding, critical analysis, and problem solving. The study suggests that empowerment-oriented assessment promotes autonomy and higher-order thinking, supporting efforts to enhance teaching quality. It demonstrates that assessment can become a transformative learning experience, positioning students as active and reflective agents in their educational development.
ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS – REVIEW
Home Agriculture, a key pillar of human existence, faces fundamental ethical challenges. The authors of this article thought about these dilemmas and set a research goal - to examine the current state and possible solutions, with the goal of estimating the possible future development of agricultural ethics. Authors, after conducting research and qualitative analysis of expert sources relevant to the topic, reflect on the links between our decisions, agriculture and the state of the environment. The qualitative analysis conducted shows that the anthropocentric strand focuses on human needs and places them at the center of ethical considerations and that this approach can be perceived as outdated from an ethical perspective today. Science, on the other hand, can also provide knowledge to improve agricultural production and provide food for the growing human population. Environmental protection must be seen as a moral obligation for humans.
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING AND LINGUISTIC AWARENESS AMONG HIGH-PERFORMING EFL TEACHERS: INTERCULTURAL INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS
Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) is widely recognized as a framework for managing linguistic diversity, cultural identity, and equality in English-as-a-Foreign Language (EFL) settings. This study looks at how high-performing EFL teachers in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools conceptualize and implement CRT using linguistically informed English Language Teaching (ELT) approaches. Using qualitative data from in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and reflective writings, the study examines how twelve teachers incorporate cultural sensitivity, pragmatic awareness, and intercultural communication competence into their daily education. The findings reveal three key aspects of their practice: (1) linguistic-cultural scaffolding that validates students' first-language resources and discourse norms; (2) pedagogical responsiveness through culturally grounded materials, identity-affirming interaction, and intercultural dialogue; and (3) teacher agency in navigating institutional constraints. These teachers view language as both a communicative system and a cultural resource, weighing grammatical precision against intercultural meaning-making. The study contends that high-performing EFL teachers serve as intercultural mediators whose linguistic awareness promotes equal participation and global readiness. Implications include incorporating CRT-linguistics ideas into teacher education, changing curricula to emphasize multilingual repertoires, and increasing institutional support for culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy. By combining CRT, linguistics, and intercultural communication, the study presents an empirically grounded model of linguistically aware CRT for EFL settings.
CHEFS E RESTAURANTES: O CASO DA CIDADE CRIATIVA DA GASTRONOMIA, EM BELÉM (PARÁ, BRASIL)
Belém foi reconhecida como Cidade Criativa da Gastronomia em 2015, pela UNESCO. Esta temática interessa ao turismo gastronômico, uma vez que a criatividade alimentar e a comida autêntica atraem turistas nacionais e internacionais. Assim, definimos como objetivo de pesquisa analisar diferentes perfis de chefs de cozinha e de proprietários de restaurantes de Belém (Pará), tendo em vista compreender a relevância destes, na projeção da Cidade Criativa da Gastronomia. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa, tendo em vista aprofundar o conhecimento do objeto definido. Esta se apoia em entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a três proprietários de restaurantes e seis chefs e responsáveis de cozinha paraenses. Já, em termos conclusivos, consideramos a existência polissêmica do conceito de chef de cozinha devido às diferentes tarefas executadas pelos mesmos. Para além disso, a atribuição do mencionado título internacional permitiu projetar chefs e restaurantes. Por fim, o city branding passou a ser explorado, a partir da existência quer de chefs de cozinha, quer dos restaurantes de comida autêntica, especializada ou de chefs galardoados.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN HEIS: FOCUS ON UNIT HEADS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Conflict is inevitable in organizational life, particularly in higher education institutions (HEIs), where effective leadership is essential for maintaining productivity and harmony. This study investigates the conflict management styles employed by unit heads in HEIs in Negros Occidental, Philippines, during the academic year 2021-2022 to support the development of targeted intervention programs. A descriptive-comparative research design was applied, with 94 unit heads from three state universities participating. Conflict management styles were assessed using the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) and categorized as competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating. The study explored the influence of demographic variables—age, sex, length of service, and educational qualifications—on using these styles. The findings reveal that the avoiding style was most preferred while competing, collaborating, and accommodating were moderately utilized, and compromising was the least favored. No significant differences were found across age, sex, or length of service. However, educational qualifications had a notable impact, with respondents holding master’s degrees showing significantly different preferences in the compromising style than those with bachelor’s or doctorate degrees. A Friedman one-way repeated measures analysis highlighted significant differences among the conflict management styles, with avoiding being rated significantly higher than competing. These results suggest that educational qualifications play a more substantial role in conflict management than other demographic factors, underscoring the need for tailored conflict management training based on educational backgrounds in HEIs.
EVALUATION OF PERCEIVED QUALITY BY VIDEO GAME PLAYERS USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO IMPROVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES
The article considers that the quality perceived by video game players is a complex factor to measure, which sets the tone for this research to use neural networks, as they are a system capable of processing information, recognizing patterns, and approximating an appropriate response, which is a critical point in an industry that has one of the highest annual growth rates in the world. The methodology used is based on exploratory research with descriptive and correlational elements, which were defined using the following reference criteria: published studies, market analysis, and industry financial reports. These were applied in questionnaires that classified elements of quality and level of impact, which were answered by video game players to estimate the value of perceived quality with the help of neural networks. The results obtained from the titles evaluated showed acceptable reliability, which will support the development process and monitor the performance of a video game during its useful life, providing information that can facilitate and guide processes in continuous improvement cycles for future video games.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AND FARMER HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
This study examined pesticide use and associated human health effects in Punjab, Pakistan, with particular focus on the cotton-growing belt of South Punjab. A descriptive and correlational research design was adopted. Three districts, Attock from North Punjab, Sargodha from Central Punjab, and Multan from South Punjab were selected based on regional representation and feasibility. Sample size (384) was determined using a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule developed from literature and expert consultation. Data were coded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, and regression. Weighted scores were calculated to rank Likert-scale responses. Findings revealed that a high dependence on pesticides combined with unsafe application practices and limited environmental awareness. Farmers possess general knowledge about immediate health risks but lack technical understanding of safe use, environmental protection, and alternative pest control methods. Weak engagement with formal advisory services and heavy reliance on dealers and peers further increase the risk of misuse. The study highlighted a dire need for simplified label communication, strengthened extension services, farmer training on safe pesticide handling, and promotion of integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce health and environmental hazards.
RETHINKING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN INDONESIA: TOWARD A BEST-INTEREST-OF-THE-CHILD FRAMEWORK
A child's growth period requires consistent supervision and guidance from their surroundings, especially their parents. However, in the practice of law enforcement in Indonesia, children in conflict with the law are often treated like miniature adults. Legal proceedings against children, especially those who have committed crimes punishable by seven years or more of imprisonment, often ignore the principle of the best interests of the child as mandated in the juvenile justice system. This situation raises legal issues related to the retributive rather than restorative nature of law enforcement. This study aims to analyze whether the concept of Restorative Justice can be applied in the settlement of cases involving children facing criminal penalties of seven years or more, as well as how the mechanism for its application works within the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The research method used was the normative juridical method, with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. Data was obtained through a literature study of relevant legislation, legal literature, and court decisions. The results of the study show that the application of Restorative Justice can be an alternative solution that complements the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia, including for juvenile offenders who face seven years or more of imprisonment. Through a diversion mechanism based on the principles of Restorative Justice, the process of resolving juvenile cases can be transferred from the criminal to the non-criminal track through mediation and negotiation involving the perpetrator, victim, family, community, and law enforcement officials. This approach has proven to better guarantee the protection of children's rights, restore social relationships, and prioritize the best interests of the child compared to the conventional approach of punishment.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER INEQUALITY AND INCOME INEQUALITY ON COUNTRIES' EXPECTED LENGTH OF SCHOOLING: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS EXAMPLE
This study examines the effect of income inequality and gender inequality on expected length of schooling. The working group consists of countries with the highest and lowest human development scores in the Human Development Index. According to the reverse sampling technique, the top 14 countries with the highest scores and the bottom 14 countries with the lowest scores on the Human Development Index were selected. Panel data on the expected length of schooling, income inequality, and gender inequality in these countries between 1990 and 2023 were analyzed using the Jamovi 2.6 program. The average expected length of schooling in countries with the highest human development index is 17.3 years, while the average expected length of schooling in countries with the lowest human development index is 8.5 years. There is a significant difference between countries with high human development scores and those with low scores in terms of both income inequality and gender inequality averages. In countries with high human development scores, income inequality and gender inequality are lower. There is an inverse and significant relationship between expected years of schooling and income inequality and gender inequality. Gender inequality has a mediating effect between income inequality and expected length of schooling.
VIETNAMESE ETHICAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING PATIENT PRIVACY THROUGH INFORMED CONSENT
This article examines the relationship between patients and healthcare facilities or medical practitioners through the lens of informed consent, emphasizing the patient’s right to informational privacy, which includes personal and health-related data. From the perspective of the 2023 Law on Medical Examination and Treatment and the 2025 Law on Personal Data Protection, the article presents objective arguments highlighting the need to protect patients’ rights in the processing and sharing of personal and health information. These arguments are grounded in both ethical principles and legal justifications. However, under the current Vietnamese legal framework, patients’ rights to keep their health information confidential are not fully protected, especially regarding informed consent. This insufficient legal protection may hinder the growth of the healthcare system, particularly in the era of digital transformation.
EVALUATING GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT MAINSTREAMING WITHIN PROVINCIAL LOCAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Mainstreaming Gender and Development (GAD) is vital to inclusive and responsive governance, requiring the integration of gender perspectives into local government systems, policies, and programs. This study assessed the extent of GAD mainstreaming within provincial local governance structures in the Philippines, specifically in the Province of Negros Occidental. Using five key institutional mechanisms (Focal Point System, Database, Planning and Budgeting, Development Plans, and Monitoring and Evaluation) the research employed a descriptive-quantitative design involving 369 respondents from 31 local government units (LGUs). A validated survey instrument based on national guidelines was utilized to gather data, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests to examine variations across districts and respondent types. Results revealed a generally high level of GAD mainstreaming across four institutional mechanisms, with mean scores indicating strong engagement in focal person systems, planning and budgeting, development plans, and monitoring and evaluation. However, the database mechanism was rated only at a moderate extent (M = 3.44, SD = 0.92), underscoring persistent limitations in gender-disaggregated data management and utilization. These findings suggest that while significant strides have been made in institutionalizing gender-responsive practices locally, critical gaps remain, particularly in data infrastructure and technical capacity. For example, LGUs often lack standardized gender-disaggregated data systems, limiting their ability to prioritize gender issues in planning and budgeting. This study contributes to the discourse on gender equity in governance by providing empirical evidence on the status, strengths, and challenges of GAD mainstreaming in LGUs, thereby informing targeted training modules (e.g., gender-sensitive budgeting workshops and training on database management systems) and policy refinement.
DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA: IMPORTÂNCIA DA SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM PARA PACIENTES EM HEMODIÁLISE
Objetivo: A enfermagem desempenha um papel crucial e multifacetado no cuidado de indivíduos com doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos à hemodiálise. Para além da prestação de cuidados diretos, os enfermeiros atuam na educação em saúde, elemento essencial para ampliar a compreensão dos pacientes sobre sua condição e tratamento. Objetivo: analisar a importância da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem para pacientes em hemodiálise com insuficiência renal crônica, destacando o processo de enfermagem nesse contexto. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura que analisa o papel da assistência de enfermagem no manejo de pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Resultados: Os achados evidenciam que a assistência de enfermagem sistematizada é essencial para atender às necessidades complexas dos pacientes em hemodiálise. Conclusão: O avanço contínuo das estratégias de enfermagem, especialmente no campo da nefrologia, é necessário para aprimorar a qualidade da assistência aos pacientes em hemodiálise. A implementação de novas estratégias técnicas, educacionais e organizacionais é essencial para promover um cuidado integral, seguro e eficiente, contribuindo para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar dessa população vulnerável.
CORRUPTION AS A CHALLENGE TO GOOD GOVERNANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Corruption remains one of the greatest obstacles to sustainable development in most developing countries, with Somalia being among the worst cases. It has long impeded political stability and economic growth in fragile states, and in Somalia it is deeply entrenched at all levels—from small-scale daily transactions to large-scale abuses of authority. Weak institutions, protracted conflict, and clan-based systems of reward have allowed corruption to flourish despite the introduction of formal laws and institutional frameworks. These measures, including anti-bribery and procurement laws or institutional audits, have largely failed due to poor enforcement and the dominance of informal networks. This paper situates the corruption and governance debate within Somalia’s context and emphasizes that traditional approaches are insufficient where state capacity is weak. Instead, gradual reforms aimed at directly improving citizen welfare are more realistic. Such reforms include transparent service delivery, merit-based recruitment, and greater participation in decision-making. The role of informal governance systems—clan elders and community leaders—also emerges as crucial, as they can serve as allies in enhancing accountability and legitimacy. The findings suggest that Somalia requires a hybrid approach that combines formal institutional reforms with informal oversight. Empowering citizens, ensuring open access to budgetary and procurement data, and introducing e-governance systems can reduce opportunities for corruption. Ultimately, meaningful change in Somalia depends on adopting governance strategies tailored to local political and social realities while aligning with international standards of transparency and accountability. Corruption remains one of the greatest obstacles to sustainable development in most developing countries, with Somalia being among the worst cases. It has long impeded political stability and economic growth in fragile states, and in Somalia it is deeply entrenched at all levels—from small-scale daily transactions to large-scale abuses of authority. Weak institutions, protracted conflict, and clan-based systems of reward have allowed corruption to flourish despite the introduction of formal laws and institutional frameworks. These measures, including anti-bribery and procurement laws or institutional audits, have largely failed due to poor enforcement and the dominance of informal networks. This paper situates the corruption and governance debate within Somalia’s context and emphasizes that traditional approaches are insufficient where state capacity is weak. Instead, gradual reforms aimed at directly improving citizen welfare are more realistic. Such reforms include transparent service delivery, merit-based recruitment, and greater participation in decision-making. The role of informal governance systems—clan elders and community leaders—also emerges as crucial, as they can serve as allies in enhancing accountability and legitimacy. The findings suggest that Somalia requires a hybrid approach that combines formal institutional reforms with informal oversight. Empowering citizens, ensuring open access to budgetary and procurement data, and introducing e-governance systems can reduce opportunities for corruption. Ultimately, meaningful change in Somalia depends on adopting governance strategies tailored to local political and social realities while aligning with international standards of transparency and accountability.
THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN AND THE LEGAL CONTROL OF THE UTILIZATION OF AI SYSTEMS
Integrating artificial intelligence with medicine is quickly becoming an international trend. It is understandable that medical professionals appreciate this emerging technology's potential in improving diagnosis, automating tasks, monitoring and managing medical conditions, and performing functions that were traditionally carried out by humans. The Oman Vision 2040 and The National Digital Health Strategy both consider the Digital Shift in Health Systems a main pillar of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the context of AI and analytics in virtual medicine, it aims to improve the provision of healthcare services. This also aligns with the Omani Health Ministry’s Health 2050 document. Rapid advances in artificial intelligence technology present a host of ethical and legal challenges, including algorithmic bias, opacity, privacy violations, diminished patient self-determination, and legal accountability gaps surrounding malpractice. This study seeks to examine the primary legislative initiatives concerning the Omani legislative response to artificial intelligence in the healthcare system and to consider the scope of artificial intelligence and its systems and entities, as well as the civil liability it may entail. This research examines these challenges and the processes of case documenting the attempts to control the use of artificial intelligence technology through a descriptive-analytical method. The study, to the extent available legal structures reach, examines the legal challenges for which, in the absence of consideration, far more robust legal structures need to be developed. Such structures need to be ethically designed centered on the principles of autonomy, justice, transparency, and accountability to safeguard the rights and safety of the patients within the frameworks of equity and social justice.
Sustainable Work Practices and Work–Life Balance: A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Malaysia’s Financial Sector
The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the landscape of work, prompting organizations worldwide to adopt sustainable work practices that prioritize employee well-being and flexibility. This conceptual paper explores the relationship between sustainable work practices namely flexible work arrangements, remote work, job sharing, and supportive leave policies and employee work–life balance (WLB), with a specific focus on Malaysia’s financial sector. Grounded in Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), the paper argues that these practices function as critical resources that help employees reduce work–family conflict, preserve personal energy, and manage competing demands across life domains. The Social Exchange Theory (SET) framework is employed to position organizational support as a moderating influence, suggesting that when employees perceive their organizations as supportive, they are more likely to reciprocate with greater engagement, loyalty, and well-being. Furthermore, Work–Family Border Theory (BT) is used to contextualize how individuals navigate and manage the boundaries between professional and personal responsibilities. The proposed conceptual framework outlines eight propositions that link sustainable practices and WLB, as well as the interaction effects of organizational support. This paper contributes to theory by integrating resource, boundary, and exchange-based perspectives, offering a multidimensional view of how workplace sustainability strategies affect employees' holistic well-being. Practical implications are also discussed, including how human resource practitioners and policymakers in Malaysia’s financial sector can design and implement inclusive work policies that not only improve employee satisfaction and retention but also align with broader sustainability goals such as the United Nations SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). By drawing attention to the interplay between supportive organizational environments and sustainable work design, this paper offers a timely foundation for future empirical studies and evidence-based policy development in the post-pandemic workforce.
BÚSQUEDAS ESTÉTICAS EN LA LITERATURA ESCRITA POR MUJERES. LA MEMORIA EN EL MARCO DEL CONFLICTO ARMADO INTERNO EN COLOMBIA
Las vidas narradas y la memoria resignificada tienen mayor relevancia entre un público lector si estas acarrean una fuerte impronta simbólica; sin embargo, en el ámbito del conflicto político, civil y armado colombiano, abundan las historias de individuos anónimos que logran recuperar los fragmentos de ese ser roto mediante la escritura. El trabajo que se propone en esta investigación pretende establecer un diálogo entre dos disciplinas, el derecho y la literatura, como una manera de afrontar la bruma en la que se sitúa una persona, que vive en una especie de tumba, ante la imposibilidad de dar forma, de representar el pasado, su pasado. El abordaje del problema de investigación se hace desde la metodología de análisis hermenéutico de algunas obras que constituyeron el corpus de la investigación. Concluyendo que la literatura construida a partir del conflicto en Colombia tiene la capacidad de construir espacios de memoria y reparación para las víctimas, logrando a su vez desarrollar procesos de justicia y no repetición en el país.
THE ESSENCE OF PROSECUTOR'S AUTHORITY IN THE EXECUTION OF CRIMINAL JUDGMENTS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE SOUTH SULAWESI HIGH PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
This study aims to analyze the scope and essence of prosecutorial authority in executing criminal judgments, assess the implementation of such executions by prosecution offices in South Sulawesi Province, and evaluate the factors influencing their effectiveness. Using an empirical legal research approach supported by philosophical, theoretical, and dogmatic perspectives, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of prosecutorial authority in law enforcement. The findings reveal that, the core of prosecutorial authority in executing criminal judgments is the exercise of law enforcement power to ensure legal certainty and uphold justice through the enforcement of final court decisions. This authority represents the state’s legitimacy in achieving justice, utility, and public order. Among these, the most decisive are the legal substance and legal structure, as they directly determine the clarity of authority and the efficiency of law enforcement mechanisms. The study recommends revising regulations governing the execution of subsidiary criminal sanctions to prioritize fine payments, thereby reducing the state’s financial burden. It also calls for clearer provisions to address procedural gaps in summoning convicts after their detention period expires. Furthermore, stronger inter-agency coordination, improved facilities, and enhanced legal education are needed to foster awareness and compliance among convicts and the public. Lastly, the establishment of an independent external supervisory body is proposed to strengthen accountability and complement the internal oversight of the Prosecutorial Commission.
QUIET QUITTING OF STAFF AND CONSUMER BEHAVIORS IN THE AGE OF DIGITIZATION
Quiet quitting—employees’ disengagement from nonessential work tasks while maintaining minimum job requirements—has become increasingly visible in the digital age, particularly among mid-level staff facing high workloads and limited organizational support. This trend manifests in reduced participation in meetings, reluctance to assume additional responsibilities, and avoidance of overtime, ultimately influencing organizational performance. At the same time, digitization has reshaped consumer expectations, making the understanding of consumer behavior essential for designing effective marketing strategies. Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses of consumers guide firms in tailoring products, services, and communication efforts to enhance loyalty and identify emerging market trends. This study examines the relationship between employee quiet quitting and shifts in consumer behavior, exploring how employee disengagement may indirectly shape consumer perceptions in digitally driven business environments. Data were collected from 407 participants employed in Istanbul-based enterprises using an online survey administered via Google Forms. Analyses conducted through ANOVA, t-tests in SPSS, and structural modeling in SmartPLS confirmed the proposed hypotheses and revealed positive associations within the conceptual model. The findings highlight the importance of addressing employee well-being and engagement to sustain effective marketing performance and maintain favorable consumer responses in an increasingly digital marketplace.
DESAFIOS DA FORMAÇÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA EM SAÚDE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR PÚBLICO BRASILEIRO DIANTE DA PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE E DO SUBFINANCIAMENTO: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Objetivo: Mapear e analisar os desafios da formação universitária em saúde no ensino superior público brasileiro relacionados à precarização do trabalho docente e ao financiamento inadequado. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, desenvolvida entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2026, conduzida conforme as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e orientada pelo checklist PRISMA-ScR. O protocolo foi registrado na Open Science Framework. Utilizou-se a estratégia PCC para formulação da pergunta norteadora: P – docentes e cursos da área da saúde; C – desafios da formação universitária em saúde associados à precarização do trabalho docente e ao financiamento inadequado; C – ensino superior público brasileiro. A pergunta norteadora foi: “Quais são os desafios da formação universitária em saúde no ensino superior público brasileiro relacionados à precarização do trabalho docente e ao financiamento inadequado, segundo a literatura científica?”. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, de acesso livre, em todos os idiomas, que abordassem formação em saúde, trabalho docente e financiamento no contexto das universidades públicas brasileiras. Excluíram-se estudos fora desse contexto ou que não dialogassem com o escopo proposto. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library e Google Acadêmico. A seleção e extração dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Resultados e Discussão: Foram incluídos 12 estudos, majoritariamente analíticos, qualitativos e documentais, com níveis de evidência predominantemente moderados. Os achados demonstram que o subfinanciamento progressivo das universidades públicas impacta diretamente a formação em saúde, com redução de recursos para laboratórios, campos de prática, bolsas acadêmicas e projetos de extensão. Evidencia-se que a precarização do trabalho docente, embora histórica, intensificou-se nos últimos anos, caracterizando-se pela diminuição de concursos públicos, ampliação de contratos temporários e sobrecarga de docentes efetivos. CONCLUSÃO: Os desafios da formação universitária em saúde no ensino superior público brasileiro estão fortemente associados ao financiamento inadequado e à precarização do trabalho docente. A austeridade fiscal prolongada compromete condições estruturais e humanas essenciais ao processo formativo.
Giuseppe Antonio Bonfante Sanches Corrêa
BIOGRAFÍA Y DECOLONIALIDAD: EL PROYECTO VITAL DE ERNESTO CARDENAL COMO FUNDAMENTO DE UNA EDUCACIÓN CRÍTICA
La colonialidad persiste como estructura de poder en la educación latinoamericana, perpetuando modelos eurocéntricos que marginalizan saberes locales y cosmovisiones indígenas. Frente a este escenario, la poesía emerge como espacio de resistencia epistémica, pero su interfaz con la educación decolonial permanece subexplorada. Este artículo analiza cómo la trayectoria biográfica de Ernesto Cardenal configura una pedagogía decolonial centrada en la interdisciplinariedad, la espiritualidad comprometida y la comunidad como sujeto colectivo. A través de una investigación biográfica cualitativa, se articula análisis documental y diálogo crítico con autores decoloniales. El estudio revela que episodios clave de su vida son fundamentales para comprender su propuesta educativa. Los resultados muestran que: (a) su infancia y formación jesuíta moldearon una sensibilidad ético-estética que integra arte, fe y compromiso social; (b) Solentiname funcionó como laboratorio pedagógico donde la teología de la liberación se materializó en práctica comunitaria; (c) sus conflictos con el Vaticano y el sandinismo ortodoxo expresan una coherencia decolonial que prioriza la ética sobre el poder. Se concluye que la biografía de Cardenal es una matriz epistémica que fundamenta un modelo educativo donde poesía, mística y política convergen para formar sujetos críticos capaces de reexistir a las estructuras coloniales.
THE LEGITIMACY TRILEMMA: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION, CRISIS OF TRUST, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SOCIAL LICENSE TO OPERATE IN LARGE-SCALE MINING IN LATIN AMERICA
This study addresses the crucial role of strategic institutional communication in obtaining and, fundamentally, in the long-term maintenance of the Social License to Operate (SLO) within the large-scale mining industry in Latin America. The SLO, defined as the continuous and evolving consent of stakeholders, is an imperative that transcends regulatory compliance. The study employs a qualitative, comparative multiple-case study design, analyzing the communication strategy of a project in the initial phase of trust building (Los Azules, Argentina) and contrasting it with the collapse of legitimacy in a mature operation that culminated in a social and legal crisis (Cobre Panamá, Panamá). The evidence is complemented by benchmarking of practices from sector leaders (BHP, Rio Tinto). The results demonstrate that, while proactive transparency generates initial trust capital, this capital is volatile. SLO maintenance is lost due to a Rhetoric-Reality Gap, where the communication of positive Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indicators is misaligned with the local perception of real impact, transforming the discourse into a monological strategy perceived as insincere. The concept of the Legitimacy Trilemma is introduced to frame the tension between legal, economic, and sociopolitical legitimacies. The study concludes that communication must migrate from intent to verifiable outcome to ensure sustainable legitimacy, providing theoretical implications for Stakeholder Theory and practical implications for risk management in volatile Latin American contexts.
VALORACIÓN NUTRICIONAL MEDIANTE CINTA MUAC Z-SCORE EN ESCOLARES DE ZONA RURAL: ESTUDIO TRANSVERSAL
Antecedentes: La desnutrición infantil constituye un problema de salud pública global, particularmente en zonas rurales con acceso limitado a servicios de salud. La circunferencia media del brazo superior (MUAC) con z-score representa una herramienta diagnóstica simple y eficaz para la evaluación nutricional en entornos con recursos limitados. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado nutricional de escolares de una zona rural mediante cinta MUAC z-score y determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición en esta población. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 128 estudiantes de 3-12 años de la Escuela Educación Básica Carchi Macará, Santa Lucía. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Variables evaluadas: datos sociodemográficos, medición MUAC z-score, patrones alimentarios mediante cuestionario validado. Análisis estadístico con SPSS v.28, pruebas de correlación de Pearson, significancia p<0.05. Resultados: Se identificó prevalencia de malnutrición del 27.6% (n=35), con z-score promedio de -0.35±1.18. La distribución nutricional mostró 72.9% en estado normal, 20.9% en riesgo, 4.7% con malnutrición moderada y 1.6% severa. Los patrones alimentarios revelaron consumo predominante de cereales (38.8%) y deficiencias en frutas/verduras (41.1% con poco consumo). Conclusiones: La implementación de cinta MUAC z-score permitió identificación efectiva del riesgo nutricional, facilitando intervenciones oportunas en poblaciones vulnerables rurales.
LEGITIMACY OF LAND EXCHANGE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE OF RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
This study seeks to examine the legality of land exchange under international law through the study of Russia and Ukraine case. In the wake of Russia's annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, followed by a war that began in 2022, it has been suggested that the war could be ended by exchanging territories that Russia has seized, particularly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Therefore, this research seeks to explore the legal framework governing the transfer of sovereignty between states and to examine the extent to which such transfer is legitimate in the perspective of equipped disputes. In addition, it examines whether this exchange violates well-established principles of international law, including territorial honor and the prohibition of acquiring territory by force. The United Nations Charter, the resolutions of the General Assembly, and the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice will be examined in this context. We use a comparative approach in this study by looking at historical examples of land exchanges, including those that took place in European regions and between Egypt and Jordan on the one hand, and Israel on the other. In the context of any potential peace accords between Russia and Ukraine, the emphasis is on evaluating the legitimacy of such transfers.The research concludes that the process of land exchange in itself does not establish an abuse of international law as long as it is carried out with the consent of the concerned states and the approval of the constitutional authorities in both countries, particularly if such treaties are registered with the United Nations in accordance with the UN Charter. However, exchanges conducted under military pressure represent an obvious violation of international law and lack international legitimacy.
APPLICATION THE PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH IN FORCE MATTERS BETWEEN CREDITORS AND DEBTORS IN FOUR-WHEEL VEHICLE FINANCING AGREEMENTS
The principle of good faith implies that every party involved in negotiating an agreement is obliged to disclose all material information that may influence the other party’s consent to the agreement. However, until now there are still many creditors who do not comply with the provisions that have been set by the Government related to the existence of Force Majeure which makes it difficult for debtors to carry out their obligations, so that it can potentially incur late fines. This research employs a normative juridical research methodology. The analysis is based entirely on secondary data obtained through documentary research. These sources include primary legal instruments, scholarly legal literature, and supporting reference materials that function as tertiary legal sources.
BURNOUT Y ESTRÉS CRÓNICO: ANÁLISIS DE RIESGOS PSICOSOCIALES EN ENTORNOS LABORALES MODERNOS
El burnout y el estrés crónico representan dos de los desafíos más significativos para la salud ocupacional en el siglo XXI, afectando a millones de trabajadores en todo el mundo. Este artículo presenta un análisis cuantitativo de los riesgos psicosociales asociados con el burnout y el estrés crónico en entornos laborales modernos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional con un diseño no experimental y transversal, en el que participaron 385 trabajadores de diversos sectores (salud, educación, servicios e industria). Se utilizaron el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), el Cuestionario de Estrés Laboral Crónico y el Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial (SUSESO-ISTAS 21). Los resultados revelan una alta prevalencia de burnout y estrés crónico, con diferencias significativas entre sectores. Las demandas laborales, el bajo control, la falta de apoyo social y las recompensas insuficientes se identificaron como los principales predictores de burnout. Se concluye que la gestión de los riesgos psicosociales es fundamental para prevenir el burnout y el estrés crónico, y se proponen intervenciones a nivel organizacional e individual para promover entornos laborales más saludables.
THE IMPACT OF GEOPOLITICAL RISKS AND TRADE BALANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN VIETNAM
This study analyzes the impact of geopolitical risk and trade balance on the performance of Vietnamese listed firms over the period 2016–2024, using an unbalanced panel of 588 firms. The study employs a dynamic panel System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimator to address endogeneity, unobserved firm-specific effects, heteroskedasticity, and serial correlation. The empirical findings indicate that geopolitical risk exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). This suggests that, in the context of global supply chain realignments and capital reallocation, Vietnamese listed firms have been able to leverage new opportunities created by geopolitical tensions. In contrast, the trade balance shows a negative and significant relationship with firm performance, implying that improvements in the aggregate trade balance are associated with lower efficiency at the firm level. This result reflects the structural dependence of Vietnamese firms on imported raw materials, machinery, and intermediate inputs. Control variables such as firm size, tangible assets, liquidity, Tobin’s Q, and net working capital improve performance, while high financial leverage and the COVID-19 shock reduce it. Moderate inflation contributes positively to firm performance. The study offers new empirical evidence on the role of geopolitical risk and trade balance in shaping corporate performance in an emerging, export-oriented economy and provides policy implications for regulators, investors, and corporate managers.
FINANCIAL INTEGERATION ACROSS BORDERS: INVESTIGATING THE CONNECTEDNESS OF FINANCIAL INTEGERATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPED VS. DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
This study examines the dynamic connections and interdependencies of financial markets across developed and emerging economies from 2010 to 2023. This study seeks to address this gap by analyzing the interconnectedness of financial markets in both developed and developing nations, employing the Granger causality test, the DCC-GARCH model, and the Diebold-Yilmaz methodology. The analysis reveals a substantial bi-directional positive correlation between the financial markets of advanced and emerging economies. The study employs the DCC GARCH approach, revealing that the connections between financial integration in established and emerging nations demonstrate significant volatility spillovers. Moreover, the t-DCC model computes volatilities and correlations unconditionally, indicating that the unconditional volatility across all markets is approximately one, denoting a significant level of integration, which leads to heightened volatility in both established and emerging markets. The Diebold and Yilmaz Connectedness test has clarified the degree of interconnectedness among various financial markets. The results indicate that while a substantial degree of correlation exists, the intensity of these relationships varies across different market circumstances and timeframes. These findings assert that financial integration significantly impacts economic growth, as demonstrated in this study. The integration of financial components into various investment portfolios may enhance risk-adjusted returns, particularly under sustainable investing paradigms.
INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF THE ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE HOMING SYSTEM BY CHANGING THE PROPORTIONALTY COEFFICIENT OF THE HOMING LAW
This paper presents a method for improving the accuracy of an anti-aircraft missile homing system when engaging highly maneuvering targets by adjusting the proportionality coefficient of the guidance law. First, a mathematical model and the synthesis of the anti-aircraft missile homing system in the vertical plane are presented. Then, the dependence of the accuracy of the synthesized system on changes in the aerodynamic coefficients and the speed of the missile and the moment of the target's one-sided maneuver is investigated. A law for varying the proportionality coefficient and an algorithm for determining its parameters are proposed. To reduce the impact of interference on the system's accuracy, a Kalman filter is proposed. Simulation of the synthesized system is carried out using the Simulink environment. As a result, a high-accuracy anti-aircraft missile homing system is obtained.
SUSTAINING TAKAFUL AGENTS: A STUDY OF MOTIVATION, RESILIENCE, AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN ISLAMIC INSURANCE
The Takaful industry in Malaysia continues to face a persistent challenge: high turnover rates among Takaful agents, which disrupt business continuity, weaken customer trust, and hinder long-term institutional growth. Despite the industry’s rapid expansion, many agents struggle to sustain their careers due to intense competition, emotional pressure, unstable income structures, and the increasing complexity of Shariah-compliant financial services. These issues highlight a critical gap in understanding what enables Takaful agents to remain resilient and committed in a demanding and evolving marketplace. To address this gap, this qualitative study explores the lived experiences, challenges, and coping strategies of industry practitioners through in-depth interviews with 12 participants from diverse levels of involvement in the Takaful ecosystem. The participants, aged between their late twenties and mid-forties with three to fifteen years of experience, provided rich insights into the social, psychological, and organisational factors that shape agent sustainability. Using an interpretive approach, the study moves beyond prior research that relied predominantly on quantitative surveys and offers a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics influencing long-term career continuity. The findings reveal that sustaining Takaful agents requires a multifaceted approach that includes continuous human capital development, a balanced system of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, and the psychological resilience needed to manage workplace stress. Islamic Work Ethics, particularly honesty, accountability, social responsibility, and ethical commitment, emerge as essential pillars of long-term professional sustainability. Grounded in Human Capital Theory and Self-Determination Theory, this study contributes theoretical refinement and offers practical insights for agency managers, training academies, and policymakers seeking to strengthen workforce stability and retention in the Islamic insurance sector.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL RISKS AND RESPONSES FOR CHINESE ENTERPRISES' INVESTMENT IN THE "B&R”
Chinese enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road Initiative" are confronted with environmental legal risks arising from energy and resource construction, green trade barriers, and corporate environmental responsibilities. They should fully utilize the dispute resolution mechanisms of international environmental treaties, actively and proactively carry out practical negotiations on environmental and trade agreements, make full use of the environmental review mechanism in the Convention on International Investment Guarantee Agency, completely familiarize themselves with and master the environmental legal information and typical judicial precedents of the host countries, strengthen environmental supervision of overseas investment enterprises, standardize corporate environmental social responsibilities, improve the environmental impact assessment system for overseas investments, and enhance cooperation among environmental non-government organizations in the countries along the line.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE USO DE RECURSOS FINANCEIROS LIMITADOS NA FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE EM UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as estratégias de uso de recursos financeiros limitados na formação em saúde em universidades públicas brasileiras, identificando práticas de gestão adotadas, seus impactos na qualidade dos processos formativos e as lacunas de conhecimento evidenciadas na literatura científica. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, realizada entre dezembro de 2025 e janeiro de 2026, conduzida conforme as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e orientada pelo checklist PRISMA-ScR, com protocolo previamente registrado na Open Science Framework. A pergunta norteadora foi formulada a partir da estratégia PCC: P – cursos, gestores e estruturas formativas da área da saúde; C – estratégias de uso de recursos financeiros limitados na formação em saúde; C – universidades públicas brasileiras. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, de acesso livre, em todos os idiomas, que abordassem financiamento, alocação e racionalização de recursos na formação em saúde no ensino superior público brasileiro. Excluíram-se estudos fora desse contexto ou que não discutissem diretamente o uso de recursos financeiros. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library e Google Acadêmico, com seleção, extração e análise dos dados realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Resultados e Discussão: Foram incluídos 13 estudos, predominantemente qualitativos, analíticos e descritivos, com níveis de evidência moderados. As evidências indicam que, diante do subfinanciamento persistente, as universidades públicas brasileiras têm adotado estratégias adaptativas para sustentar a formação em saúde, como integração curricular, educação interprofissional, fortalecimento da articulação ensino-serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde, uso de tecnologias digitais, simulação clínica de baixo custo, impressão 3D, telemonitoramento e compartilhamento de infraestrutura. Essas práticas permitem racionalizar recursos, ampliar experiências formativas e manter padrões mínimos de qualidade pedagógica, apesar das restrições orçamentárias que limitam expansão de vagas, infraestrutura e alocação docente. A gestão acadêmica emerge como eixo central, ao priorizar investimentos essenciais, reorganizar práticas pedagógicas e captar recursos externos. Contudo, a literatura converge ao afirmar que tais estratégias mitigam, mas não substituem, a necessidade de financiamento público adequado, revelando limites para a sustentabilidade de longo prazo da formação em saúde. Conclusão: As universidades públicas brasileiras têm recorrido a estratégias de uso racional de recursos financeiros para manter a formação em saúde em contextos de restrição orçamentária. Embora eficazes como respostas adaptativas, essas estratégias são insuficientes para garantir qualidade e sustentabilidade a longo prazo sem políticas estruturais de financiamento público contínuo. O fortalecimento da gestão acadêmica, aliado ao financiamento adequado, é essencial para assegurar a formação de profissionais de saúde alinhados às necessidades do SUS.
TRUST AS A TRANSFORMATIONAL MEDIATOR IN BRANDED FASHION REPURCHASE INTENTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING, CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT, AND PERCEIVED RISK
Consumer reluctance to repurchase branded fashion products remains a critical challenge for manufacturers, prompting the need for effective strategies to strengthen repurchase intention. This study investigates the influence of Social Media Marketing, Celebrity Endorsement, and Perceived Risk on Repurchase Intention, with Trust serving as a mediating variable among branded fashion consumers in Surabaya. Using a causal research design, data were collected from 210 respondents through accidental sampling and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The findings reveal that Social Media Marketing has a significant positive effect on Trust, whereas Celebrity Endorsement and Perceived Risk exert significant negative influences on Trust. Additionally, Celebrity Endorsement, Perceived Risk, and Trust positively and significantly affect Repurchase Intention, while Social Media Marketing unexpectedly shows a significant negative impact on Repurchase Intention. Further analysis indicates that Trust mediates the relationship between Social Media Marketing and Repurchase Intention in a positive manner, yet Trust demonstrates a negative mediating effect on the relationships between Celebrity Endorsement and Perceived Risk toward Repurchase Intention. Overall, these results highlight the complex interplay between digital marketing strategies, consumer perceptions, and trust formation in shaping repurchase intentions within the branded fashion industry.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND HEALTH INFORMATION AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE: EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND RUMOR SPREAD MECHANISMS IN CHANGSHA, CHINA
Background: The digital revolution has transformed health information dissemination among middle-aged and elderly populations in China. With over 140 million internet users aged 60 and above, social media platforms have become primary health information channels. However, this demographic faces significant challenges including digital divide constraints and high susceptibility to health-related rumors, which account for 42% of all rumors targeting older adults. Objective: This study investigates mechanisms underlying health information dissemination behaviors among middle-aged and elderly social media users, examining how health information literacy, social support networks, and cognitive processing ability influence information acquisition capabilities and rumor dissemination propensity. Methods: A mixed-methods design surveyed 472 active social media users aged 50-75 in Changsha using structural equation modeling to test eight hypotheses across five constructs: health information literacy, social support networks, cognitive processing ability, health information acquisition ability, and rumor dissemination propensity. Qualitative analysis conducted in-depth interviews with 15 participants, analyzed through NVivo14 thematic coding. Results: All hypotheses received empirical support with exceptional explanatory power (R² = 92.3%, 81.5%, 73.3% for key constructs). Health information literacy demonstrated extraordinarily strong influence on cognitive processing ability (β = 0.856, f² = 2.747), establishing itself as the foundational element of health communication ecology. Cognitive processing and information acquisition abilities both significantly suppressed rumor dissemination (β = -0.589, β = -0.572). Social support networks indirectly influenced rumor propensity through information acquisition mediation (β = 0.221). Qualitative analysis revealed "authority orientation plus experiential verification" evaluation patterns and socially-driven dissemination behaviors shaped by socioeconomic stratification. Conclusion: Health information dissemination among older adults constitutes a complex adaptive system involving individual cognitive schemas, social networks, economic constraints, and institutional supports. The research provides theoretical foundations for understanding digital health communication and practical guidance for designing targeted interventions to enhance information literacy and reduce rumor propagation in aging societies.
A STUDY OF COMMUNICATION FOR MAINTENANCE: A CASE OF SHANGHAI PORCELAIN ART INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Conservation and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is becoming a more critical issue in the globalization and digital revolution. The case of Shanghai Porcelain Art, which is a distinct urban handicraft that combines the classical Chinese porcelain production with the aesthetics of Shanghai and a lack of interactions with the public, is explained by the limited communication possibilities and underuse of digital resources. This paper discusses the aspects of the spread of Shanghai Porcelain Art and also analyzes how digital technologies and especially virtual reality (VR) can be used to enhance the inheritance and cultural transmission of heritage. The study adopted a quantitative research design with 350 stakeholders, including inheritors, artists, cultural practitioners, students and other persons as the general population using an integrated approach with uses and Gratifications Theory, Technology Acceptance Model and immersion-based digital heritage theory. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and mediation analyses. The results show that there exists the substantial positive correlation between digital mode of transmission and the influence of heritage of effect of Shanghai Porcelain Art (β = 0.68, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.46). The inheritance effect, in its turn, is the one that makes a strong prediction of Shanghai culture dissemination (β = 0.74, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.55). The mediation analysis proved the existence of a partially mediating effect of the relationship between digital tools and cultural dissemination, (indirect effect = 0.55, 95% CI [0.45, 0.65], p < 0.001). The theoretical contribution of the study is its relation between the immersive digital technologies and heritage learning and cultural dissemination and its practical contribution in instructing policymakers, cultural institutions, and educators in the development of VR-based platforms to transmit heritage sustainably. Digital technologies therefore contribute to deep learning as well as active cultural involvement, which will strengthen the succession and overall promotion of Shanghai Porcelain Art.
R-BASED BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TECHNOSTRESS RESEARCH
The study aims to create a map by presenting analyses of leading researchers in the field, other authors collaborating with these researchers, journals with the highest number and quality of publications, the most frequently used words, the thematic structure of the field, leading countries, and other countries collaborating with these countries. Within this scope, a total of 1,297 English academic publications in the Web of Science database were analysed using the Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny packages in the R programming language. Riedl, Tarafdar, and Maier are leading researchers in the technostress literature. The analysis identified three main theoretical areas. These areas are: information systems and stress theory, technology acceptance and adaptation models, and organisational psychology. Popular topics that will be important for future work in the field are techno-eustress (positive stress from technology) and techno-distress (negative stress from technology). The United States, China, and Germany are the countries that contribute most to the field through their international collaborations. Unlike other bibliometric studies that examine technostress more broadly as part of technology-induced stress research, this study focuses solely on the concept of technostress and presents different results for its conceptual structure, which is the most important reason for the uniqueness of this study.
FACTORES PROTECTORES Y RESILIENCIA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: UN ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO DE RECURSOS PSICOSOCIALES Y SALUD MENTAL
Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y cuantificar factores protectores y recursos de resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su asociación con resultados de salud mental y éxito académico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal con 3,847 estudiantes universitarios de 18 instituciones en 6 países (2023-2024). Los participantes completaron instrumentos validados que midieron resiliencia, apoyo social, estrategias de afrontamiento, autoeficacia académica e indicadores de salud mental. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple para identificar factores protectores asociados con resultados positivos de salud mental. Resultados: Los estudiantes con puntuaciones altas de resiliencia (≥percentil 75) mostraron 4.23 veces mayor probabilidad de mantener buena salud mental (OR: 4.23; IC 95%: 3.67-4.88). El apoyo familiar fuerte (OR: 3.89; IC 95%: 3.41-4.44), las estrategias de afrontamiento activas (OR: 3.56; IC 95%: 3.12-4.07) y la autoeficacia académica (OR: 3.12; IC 95%: 2.71-3.59) fueron factores protectores significativos. Los estudiantes con tres o más factores protectores demostraron 78.4% de probabilidad de mantener bienestar psicológico a pesar del estrés académico. Los servicios de apoyo institucional mostraron efecto protector (OR: 2.87; IC 95%: 2.45-3.36). Conclusiones: Los factores protectores y recursos de resiliencia juegan un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de la salud mental entre estudiantes universitarios. Las intervenciones deben enfocarse en fortalecer estos mecanismos protectores en lugar de solo abordar factores de riesgo. Las políticas universitarias deben priorizar el desarrollo de programas de construcción de resiliencia y garantizar acceso equitativo a recursos de apoyo.
THE EFFECT OF COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ON PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS
The development of problem-solving skills is a critical objective of contemporary education systems in response to increasing global complexity and the demands of the twenty-first century. This study aims to examine the effect of the Collaborative Problem-Based Learning (CPBL) model on students’ problem-solving skills. A quantitative approach employing a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent pretest–posttest control group was used. The participants consisted of 130 students divided into an experimental group (65 students) and a control group (65 students), selected through cluster random sampling. The experimental group was instructed using the CPBL model, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected through standardized problem-solving tests administered before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were applied after confirming data normality and homogeneity. The results indicated no significant difference in problem-solving skills between the two groups at the pretest stage. However, posttest findings revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group (p < 0.05), demonstrating that students exposed to CPBL achieved higher problem-solving performance than those taught using conventional methods. These findings suggest that CPBL is an effective instructional model for enhancing students’ problem-solving skills and supports the adoption of collaborative, problem-centered learning approaches to improve educational quality in alignment with international educational frameworks.
DOUBLE DIPPING PROHIBITION IN THE MODERN BANKRUPTCY ERA: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF INDONESIA WITH BANKRUPTCY LAWS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND EUROPE
Billing double or double dipping in context bankruptcy corporation become an increasingly pressing issue relevant in various countries, including Indonesia. Practice This happen when a creditors submit the same claim against two different entities in bankruptcy proceedings, which can harm other creditors and influence distribution fair assets. Although in developed countries like Europe and the United States arrangement about prohibition billing double Already exist and are regulated with strict, Indonesia and several countries in Southeast Asia have not own explicit regulations arrange matter this. In law Indonesian bankruptcy, although No There is provision directly prohibiting practice these are the principles like pari passu and parity creditorium try guard justice and equality between creditors. Research This aim For analyze prohibition billing double in system law bankruptcy in Indonesia with review comparative towards countries in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the United States. Research it also discusses ambiguity existing regulations in Indonesia, as well as give recommendation For repair system Indonesian law to prevent practice detrimental double dipping other creditors and disrupt principle justice in distribution treasure bankrupt. It is hoped that research This can give outlook For create system law more bankruptcy transparent, fair and just in Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF REFUSING TO PRODUCE DOCUMENTS IN SUPPLY CONTRACT DISPUTES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EGYPTIAN AND OMANI LAW
This article addresses an evidentiary imbalance that frequently shapes commercial supply disputes in Egypt and Oman: the dispositive documents are often held by one party, which may refuse production. The topic is selected because current practice shows that the ordinary allocation of the burden of proof can enable strategic non-disclosure and distort outcomes. The study identifies a gap in Arabic comparative writing, where good faith in contractual performance is commonly discussed as a substantive principle, while the procedural consequences of documentary non-cooperation are treated separately. The article proceeds on two linked hypotheses. First, good faith in performance (Egyptian Civil Code, art 148; Omani Civil Transactions Law, art 156) entails a duty of documentary cooperation in supply relationships. Second, unjustified refusal to produce a dispositive document may warrant a controlled judicial presumption and may also support contractual fault where the refusal deprives the other party of a serious chance to prove its claim. Methodologically, the study uses doctrinal legal analysis and an integrated comparison of statutory provisions and selected judicial approaches in both systems. No empirical instruments or statistical data are used. The study’s results are operational. It formulates a three-part test for unjustified refusal (control, dispositive relevance, absence of legitimate justification). It also proposes a staged reasoning method for courts to draw the presumption while safeguarding the right of defence and legitimate confidentiality. The article concludes with targeted recommendations, including clearer procedural standards and calibrated effects for refusal, especially in Egyptian law.
Dawood Bin Sulaiman Bin Salim Al Kharousi
HACIA UNA GOBERNANZA EFECTIVA PARA LA INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EN ECUADOR: UN ENFOQUE REGULATORIO
Este estudio tuvo como propósito analizar los factores determinantes de la inclusión financiera en Ecuador, con énfasis en el impacto del marco regulatorio y de supervisión sobre el acceso efectivo y sostenible a los servicios financieros. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa de diseño transversal mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), aplicada a una muestra estratificada de 151 actores clave del sistema financiero, utilizando un instrumento validado con 19 indicadores agrupados en cinco factores latentes y procesados en AMOS 24. Los resultados evidenciaron una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre el Marco Regulatorio y de Supervisión y la Inclusión Financiera y Acceso a Servicios (β = 0.95; p = 0.008), siendo esta dimensión la de mayor implementación percibida (78.5%), mientras que el Marco Normativo y de Gobernanza registró el menor desempeño (51.2%); el modelo mostró un ajuste adecuado (RMSEA = 0.058; CFI = 0.931). Se concluye que un marco regulatorio sólido, claro y aplicado de forma consistente constituye el principal motor de la inclusión financiera sostenible en Ecuador, persistiendo una brecha entre normativa y práctica que demanda fortalecer la capacidad institucional y la aplicación efectiva de la ley para consolidar confianza y estabilidad en el sistema financiero.
ECOGROW: A LOW-COST SMART GREENHOUSE TEACHING PLATFORM FOR PROJECT-BASED ENGINEERING EDUCATION ALIGNED WITH THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Engineering education increasingly faces a dual requirement: graduates must master embedded sensing, actuation, and basic control, while also developing sustainability-oriented decision-making competencies. This paper presents EcoGrow, a low-cost smart greenhouse teaching platform designed for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and project-based learning (PBL) in resource-constrained contexts. EcoGrow integrates an Arduino Mega 2560, a DHT22 temperature–humidity sensor, an I2C LCD, relay-driven actuators (12 V fan, mist pump, and lighting), and a Windows Forms (WinForms) desktop application communicating via serial for real-time monitoring, manual override, threshold configuration, and data logging. Rather than positioning EcoGrow as a novel greenhouse automation product, we frame it as a replicable teaching intervention that makes sustainability operational through measurable trade-offs (e.g., stability vs. duty cycle; humidity recovery vs. water proxy) and transparent control design choices (e.g., hysteresis, minimum on/off time). The paper contributes (i) a replicable hardware–software architecture for hands-on sustainability-oriented engineering education, (ii) a structured PBL module with explicit alignment to SDG 4, SDG 2, SDG 12, and SDG 13, and (iii) an evidence-based evaluation framework combining learning artifacts, rubric-based assessment, and log-derived indicators suitable for publishable reporting. The results from demonstration and classroom deployment show that EcoGrow reliably supports core learning outcomes in embedded systems and control, while enabling explicit sustainability reasoning grounded in data.
CLIMATE CHANGE MEETS GEOPOLITICS: U.S. ARCTIC POLICY UNDER TRUMP THROUGH THE LENS OF OFFENSIVE REALISM
The Arctic region is an intersection of strategic competition and climate change. With the melting of glaciers in the Arctic, previously inaccessible natural resources and new sea trade routes have become accessible. Furthermore, according to data from the U.S. Geological Survey, a significant portion of the world's oil and natural gas reserves are located in the Arctic. This situation has made the region not only an area of environmental vulnerability but also a strategic area. Indeed, the United States (US), particularly during Donald Trump's presidency from 2017 to 2021, has significantly increased its interest in the Arctic. During this period, environmental regulations were pushed into the background, and environmental diplomacy was weakened through policies such as withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of climate change on US foreign policy in the context of the Donald Trump era and to reveal how these policies can be understood within the framework of the theory of offensive realism. Offensive realism is a theory developed by international relations theorist John Mershaimer. According to this theory, states do not merely seek to ensure their security; they are constantly engaged in the pursuit of power maximization and hegemony. In line with this, the study examined strategy documents published between 2019 and 2021 using content analysis and developed policy options for Trump's second term through scenario analysis. According to the findings of the analysis, the strategy documents are consistent with the basic assumptions of offensive realism. The study concluded that the perspective of offensive realism would be dominant during Trump's second term, that a balanced foreign policy was a limited possibility, and that a neighborhood-first policy was unlikely.
THE ROLE OF THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN INFLUENCED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND COMPANY VALUE IN INDONESIA
The economic environment plays a significant role in influencing the relationship between financial performance and firm value. This study aims to examine whether the economic environment, proxied by interest rates, inflation, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), can influence the relationship between financial performance, proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and firm value, proxied by Price Book Value (PBV). The study was conducted on food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018–2024. The results show that of the four financial performance indicators, only ROA, DER, and TATO influence PBV. The only economic environment that has been shown to moderate is inflation, which strengthens the influence of ROA on PBV and acts as a quasi-moderator. The implication of this study is that in financial analysis, understanding the role of the economic environment is crucial for predicting future financial performance and firm value. Therefore, companies must monitor changes in the economic environment and adjust their business strategies to increase company value.
WORK ENGAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL IN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
Introduction: Among the antecedents of job satisfaction, work engagement stands out. Work engagement is considered a form of work-related happiness. Objective: To test a structural model representing the hypothetical relationships between work engagement and job satisfaction in a sample of nursing professionals completing their social service in northern Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted. The sample consisted of 71 nursing professionals from five hospitals in northern Mexico, with a 100% response rate. Results: Work engagement was positively and significantly associated with job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling indicated that engagement is a significant predictor of participants’ job satisfaction. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving quality of work life help maintain high levels of engagement and job satisfaction among nursing professionals performing social service.
EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF ADVENTURE TOURISM DEMAND IN SMART TOURISM DESTINATIONS: A FACTOR ANALYSIS APPROACH
This research evaluates adventure tourism demand determinants in smart tourism destinations relating to smart technology use, perceived safety, cultural engagement, and innovativeness of destinations. Structural equation modeling on data from 300 adventure tourists indicates that Perceived Safety Via Smart Technologies, the Attractiveness and Innovativeness of the Destination, Engagement of Local Culture and Nature, and Digital Cultural Interpretation greatly enhance tourists' beliefs of Smart Tourism Service Integration, which in turn very strongly predicts Adventure Tourism Demand. Tourist Experience Satisfaction and Perceived Value for Money were not significant predictors of their beliefs of smart service. The findings underscore the importance of functional assurances, cultural immersion, and impactful technological innovative solutions over traditional tourist perceptions of satisfaction and value, on tourist behaviour in smart tourism contexts. Overall, the study plays an essential role in advancing smart tourism theory, while also providing useful recommendations for destination managers and marketers looking to use technology-based solutions to engage in adventure tourism.
A LIVING CONSTITUTION WITHOUT JUDICIAL REVIEW: RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION IN VIETNAM
This article reinterprets constitutional development in Vietnam through the lens of the living constitution doctrine. While many constitutional systems recognize that constitutional meaning must evolve with social change, Vietnam’s interpretive practice remains largely formalistic and institutionally constrained. Drawing on comparative insights from the United States, Germany, and South Korea, the article shows how constitutional courts sustain the normative vitality of constitutional law by adapting constitutional principles to contemporary challenges. In contrast, the absence of constitutional adjudication in Vietnam has fostered a rigid legal culture that struggles to respond to emerging societal demands. The article advances three reform directions: establishing an independent mechanism for constitutional review, integrating dynamic interpretive approaches into legal education, and strengthening scholarly debate on constitutional meaning. It argues that constitutional effectiveness depends not on textual permanence alone, but on the capacity of constitutional interpretation to remain responsive to lived social realities. The article ultimately asks whether, and to what extent, the living constitution can serve as a viable interpretive framework for constitutional development in Vietnam in the absence of judicial review.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO NON-MANIPULATION: A NEW FRONTIER OF PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This article examines one of the most subtle yet profound transformations of contemporary Brazilian democracy: the gradual replacement of overt public deliberation by concealed forms of algorithmic governance, in which political microtargeting assumes a central role in electoral influence. This dynamic displaces the exercise of political freedom of expression from the shared public sphere into private and opaque circuits, where rational persuasion gives way to the calculated exploitation of behavioral predispositions and cognitive vulnerabilities. As a result, acute constitutional tensions emerge between freedom of expression, informational self-determination, and the very integrity of the democratic process, calling into question the normative foundations of the Democratic Rule of Law enshrined in the 1988 Federal Constitution. We argue that the preservation of Brazilian democracy requires the development of more robust legal instruments aimed at algorithmic accountability and the protection of the public sphere as a collective constitutional good. The research adopts a deductive methodological approach, grounded in an extensive review of both national and international scholarship, as well as a critical analysis of the Brazilian regulatory framework, with particular attention to the General Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais) and electoral legislation. We find that the structural opacity of algorithmic systems employed in electoral campaigns significantly hinders social, administrative, and judicial oversight of these practices, thereby enabling sophisticated and diffuse forms of public opinion manipulation that frequently evade traditional mechanisms of legal accountability.
SCATTER IS LIFE: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MILLENNIALS PLAYING AND VENTURING IN ONLINE GAMBLING
This study explores the lived experiences of Millennials involved in online gambling, focusing on the psychological, emotional, and financial consequences. Using a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants, all of whom regularly engage in online gambling. Thematic analysis of the data identified core motivations such as entertainment, the thrill of winning, and the pursuit of financial gain. Respondents described online gambling as an immersive experience, driven by features like graphics, sound effects, and the potential for large jackpots, which kept them engaged. However, the study also revealed significant emotional consequences, including stress, anxiety, and frustration especially when participants faced losses. Some described these emotions as chronic impacts due to ongoing gambling, while others noted situational stress triggered by specific losses. Furthermore, financial difficulties arose from impulsive betting, often exacerbating emotional strain. Social media influencers and vloggers were identified as major influencers, with many respondents citing these platforms as their gateway into online gambling. These influencers often indirectly shaped gambling behaviors by normalizing the activity through their content. Despite the negative emotional and financial effects, some respondents reported using self-regulation strategies, such as setting time limits or taking breaks. However, these efforts were often insufficient in managing the emotional distress or financial loss. Based on these findings, the study recommends public education campaigns on responsible gambling, stricter regulation of gambling-related content on social media, and the integration of self-regulation tools on gambling platforms. These interventions could help mitigate the adverse impacts of online gambling and encourage responsible gambling practices. Further studies should explore the long-term effects of online gambling and the efficacy of self-regulation tools.
LEGAL CERTAINTY OF COPYRIGHT AS FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE IN BANKING IN INDONESIA
The Copyright Law and the Fiduciary Guarantee Law provide opportunities for copyright to be used as collateral. Implementation in the banking sector is still very limited, mainly due to the lack of adequate legal certainty regarding the mechanism for collateral. Using a normative juridical method and legislative and conceptual approaches, this study found that the existing legal framework does not provide clear standards regarding copyright valuation, the procedure for imposing a fiduciary charge on economic rights, and execution procedures when the debtor defaults. This condition leads to high legal risks for banks, thus reducing financial institutions' interest in accepting copyrights as collateral. Therefore, regulatory harmonisation, technical assessment guidelines, and the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms are needed to achieve legal certainty and promote the optimisation of copyright as a financing instrument within the Indonesian banking system.
UNDERSTANDING LEARNERS’ MOTIVATION IN ONLINE ENGLISH TRAINING FOR TEACHERS: BALANCING PERSONAL INTEREST AND WORKPLACE DEMANDS
This study aimed to investigate learners’ motivation in an English language training program as part of a community service activity. Learners were teachers at an elementary school located in East Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A descriptive method was used to describe the qualitative data, and the instrument was a questionnaire with 10-item statements to obtain data on factors influencing teachers’ motivation. Furthermore, an interview was conducted with teachers to obtain in-depth data. The results showed most teachers agreed to study English because it was demanded in the workplace. Several factors influenced learners’ motivation, namely stakeholders demand and intention to stay current with modern trends. This study is expected to provide stakeholders with insights on how to effectively motivate teachers in English language training program.
THE CONCEPT OF POPASAANGU CUSTOMARY LAW IN THE SETTLEMENT OF CHILD CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN INDONESIA
Many cases of juvenile criminal offenses occur and are not necessarily resolved thru formal processes. This is because the implementation of restorative justice thru diversion, which was expected to provide a win-win solution at the police, prosecutor's office, and court levels as mandated by the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act, has not yet met public expectations. The type of research used in the preparation of this dissertation proposal is empirical legal research. The urgency of this research is to formulate the concept of resolving minor crimes committed by children within the Popasaangu Fikiri custom. This research uses the type of empirical legal research. The research results show that philosophically, Popasaangu Fikiri is based on the worldview of indigenous communities that highly value balance, humanity, and social harmony. Justice is understood not as retribution, but as the restoration of honor and social relationships thru three main stages: recognition of wrongdoing, apology and forgiveness, and the reaffirmation of social relationships. The novelty of this research lies in the discovery of a restorative-communal conceptual model for resolving minor criminal offenses by children, where Popasaangu Fikiri not only serves as a mechanism for customary peace but also as a social recovery legal system that unites moral, social, and legal values within a single customary justice process. This model differs from the concept of restorative justice in the modern juvenile justice system because it emphasizes restoring honor and social balance, rather than simply repairing harm or mediating between the offender and the victim. Thus, Popasaangu Fikiri makes a new conceptual contribution to the development of a customary law-based paradigm for resolving child criminal cases that is humanistic, participatory, and socially just.
VOICES FROM THE FIELD: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY OF IMITATION AND FORMALISM IN NEO-CHINESE INTERIOR DESIGN
In recent years, Neo-Chinese Interior Design (NCID) has become a distinctive stylistic movement in China, reconceptualizing traditional Chinese cultural motifs through the lens of contemporary design. However, its rise has been accompanied by academic concerns regarding widespread imitation and formalism that may hinder its authentic evolution and cultural depth. This study investigates practicing designers’ critical perspectives on these phenomena. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 70 interior designers in Qingdao, a major city in Eastern China. Quantitative analysis revealed that over half of the respondents acknowledge imitation and formalism as prevalent issues. Qualitative analysis of the data underscores a need for more theoretical and methodological guidance to move beyond imitation and achieve genuine innovation in NCID. The study concludes that the widespread imitation and formalism in contemporary NCID pose significant challenges to its sustainable development. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including developing effective methods for integrating traditional culture with modern innovation through design education and bridging the education-market gap through practical verification. These findings not only provide essential references for the education and practice research of NCID but also offer valuable insights into the reinterpretation of traditional culture in contemporary interior design across other cultural contexts.
REAL RIGHTS AND PERSONAL RIGHTS IN SECURED TRANSACTIONS: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS UNDER VIETNAMESE CIVIL LAW
This article examines the conceptual and legal distinction between real rights and personal rights in secured transactions under Vietnam’s Civil Code 2015. Based on doctrinal and comparative analysis, it classifies nine security mechanisms into three groups: real security rights (e.g., pledge, mortgage, possessory lien), personal security rights (e.g., guarantee, social credit, retention of title), and hybrid forms (e.g., deposit, security deposit, escrow). The study highlights how real rights grant enforceable claims over specific assets, including rights of pursuit and priority, while personal rights confer only contractual claims. It assesses the legal and practical implications of this dichotomy for enforcement, third-party effects, and creditor protection. Drawing on case law and legal scholarship, the article reveals interpretive uncertainties and proposes a clearer conceptual framework and legislative reforms to improve predictability, reduce transaction costs, and enhance creditor confidence in Vietnam’s secured lending environment.
SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE IN COASTAL SPATIAL LICENSING: A RAWLSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON INDONESIA’S ONE SPATIAL PLANNING POLICY
Inequality in coastal space utilization permits is a structural issue that directly impacts social justice and the sustainability of coastal area management. Although Indonesia has promoted the integration of land and sea spatial planning through the One Spatial Plan policy, coastal spatial licensing practices still show the dominance of well-capitalized actors and limited access for coastal communities, particularly traditional fishermen. This article aims to analyze the extent to which licensing policies for coastal space utilization reflect substantive justice using John Rawls' Theory of Justice approach. This research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative, conceptual, and policy analysis approach. The study results indicate that the coastal space permitting system in Indonesia tends to meet procedural justice but has not fully achieved substantive justice as intended by Rawls' principles of justice, particularly the difference principle and fair equality of opportunity. This article asserts that the One Spatial Plan policy has normative potential to address disparities in coastal spatial permits but requires policy design reform and legal affirmation favoring the most vulnerable groups to achieve substantive justice in coastal spatial management.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE ISSUANCE OF ELECTRONIC LAND CERTIFICATES: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY
The digital transformation of land administration through the issuance of Electronic Land Certificates is part of the modernization of public services aimed at increasing efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty. However, the implementation of electronic systems also raises various legal issues, particularly regarding state responsibility and accountability mechanisms in the event of administrative errors, system failures, or data leaks. This study aims to analyze the concept of state responsibility, forms of legal accountability, and the application of the principle of legality in the issuance of electronic land certificates. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The research findings indicate that although electronic land certificates have a valid legal basis and the same evidentiary force as conventional certificates, weaknesses remain in the accountability mechanisms, division of responsibilities, and redress of rights for injured parties. Substantive legal certainty depends heavily on system reliability, data security, and the professionalism of administrators. This research concludes that technology integration in land administration must be accompanied by strengthened regulations, transparency, and clear accountability mechanisms to ensure legal protection and the principle of legality.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO NA REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DO PONTAL DO PARANAPANEMA PARA PROTEGER AS PESSOAS, SUAS RELAÇÕES JURÍDICAS E DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE
No artigo, há uma análise da regularização fundiária urbana e rural do Pontal do Paranapanema, região oeste do Estado de São Paulo, marcada por diversos casos de ocupação de terras devolutas, situação que gerou dificuldades na atuação jurídica das pessoas que nelas se fixaram. Pelo método dedutivo, busca-se verificar, a partir de pressupostos jurídicos, com pesquisa bibliográfica em textos científicos, análise da legislação acerca do tema e das normas que regulam os bens públicos, se a Lei Paulista nº 17.557/22 possui aptidão para titularizar os ocupantes, bem como a sua constitucionalidade. Para tanto, sopesaram-se princípios e diretrizes na proposta de esquadrinhar a natureza jurídica das terras devolutas, os fatos históricos de ocupação do Oeste Paulista, e sua ocorrência de modo sui generis, por meio da titulação dos ocupantes e a devida efetivação dos direitos da personalidade na confirmação das propriedades tituladas, como tutela da honra, intimidade, memória familiar e, principalmente, a dignidade humana.
O conceito de racismo configuracional é utilizado no presente artigo na tentativa de explicitar um fenômeno complexo. Argumenta-se que o racismo perpassa escolhas cotidianas, formas de sociabilidade e padrões de aproximação e distanciamento social entre indivíduos. Propõe-se uma crítica às leituras eminentemente estruturais do racismo, em busca de uma perspectiva integrada ou sintética, capaz de combinar, simultaneamente, percepções fenotípicas, práticas simbólicas e condições materiais. O conceito de raciabilidade é utilizado no sentido de evidenciar como indivíduos são situados racialmente em diferentes configurações contextuais, o que afeta as interações sociais e as oportunidades na vida. Assim, o racismo é compreendido como uma configuração dinâmica entre subjetividades, relações sociais e sistemas de poder.
TRANSFERENCIA TECNOLÓGICA EN LA CADENA DE VALOR DE LA PAPAYA CV. MARADOL: ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL AGRONEGOCIO EN CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Esta investigación analiza la eficiencia económica y los puntos críticos de control (PCC) en la cadena de valor de la papaya variedad Maradol en Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue cuantificar las pérdidas físicas y económicas en nodos estratégicos para formular estrategias de transferencia tecnológica y competitividad empresarial. Se empleó una metodología no experimental, transversal y descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, evaluando tres puntos críticos de control (PCC): unidad de producción, bodega de selección y establecimiento comercial. La calidad se determinó bajo la norma NMX-FF-041-SCFI-2007. Los resultados demuestran una pérdida total acumulada de 6.07 toneladas, equivalentes a $47,996.90 MXN. Mientras en cosecha predomina el riesgo biológico (86.79% por antracnosis), en el retail prevalece el daño mecánico (91.69%), representando este último el 54% del impacto económico total. Se concluye que un kilogramo perdido en el mercado es 2.7 veces más costoso que en campo. Por lo tanto, es fundamental establecer estrategias de inversión en logística poscosecha y capacitación técnica para reducir ineficiencias y garantizar la consolidación del agronegocio.
ESTABILIDAD DE UN MODELO SIS NO LINEAL Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SALUD
El presente trabajo del modelo SIS no lineal desarrolla un análisis de estabilidad y un estudio cualitativo de un modelo epidemiológico con incidencia cuadrática de la forma βS^2 I, con la finalidad de describir de manera más realista los procesos de trasmisión en escenarios de alta interacción social. La investigación se centra en la determinación de los puntos equilibrio y el análisis de su estabilidad local, aplicando la matriz jacobiana y el cálculo de los autovalores correspondientes en cada punto de equilibrio. Se determinó el valor del umbral llamado número básico de reproducción R_0, que permite identificar entre la erradicación de la enfermedad y su persistencia endémica. Asimismo, se realizan algunas simulaciones numéricas para confirmar los resultados teóricos y como ende visualizar el impacto de la incidencia no lineal sobre la dinámica de la población. En conclusión, estos resultados obtenidos permiten fortalecer la comprensión de dinámicas epidémicas complejas y ofrecen una base teórica útil para diseñar estrategias de control sanitario más efectivas, así como para la formulación de políticas públicas orientadas a la protección del derecho a la salud.
DADOS, CIDADANIA E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DO PAPEL DO WAZE FOR CITIES NA INDUÇÃO DE COMPORTAMENTOS AMBIENTALMENTE RESPONSÁVEIS NAS POLÍTICAS DE MOBILIDADE URBANA
O presente artigo examina a relevância do uso de dados colaborativos na construção de políticas de mobilidade urbana mais eficientes, transparentes e sustentáveis. Parte-se do problema do crescente volume e da complexidade das informações geradas pelo trânsito nas cidades contemporâneas, o que exige métodos mais avançados de coleta, análise e integração ao planejamento urbano. A pesquisa concentra-se no papel do Waze for Cities enquanto plataforma digital capaz de apoiar gestores públicos, induzir comportamentos ambientalmente responsáveis e fortalecer a cidadania digital. O objetivo geral consiste em analisar como dados colaborativos podem aprimorar a eficiência das políticas de mobilidade e reduzir impactos ambientais. Os objetivos específicos incluem identificar desafios urbanos, examinar experiências de implementação do Waze for Cities e propor diretrizes para sua utilização estratégica, inclusive por meio da cooperação interinstitucional. A metodologia adotada é dedutiva, fundamentada em pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e estudo de casos. A investigação evidencia a relevância do compartilhamento de dados entre cidadãos, plataformas e governos, destacando a capacidade do Waze for Cities de transformar processos de planejamento urbano, otimizar o fluxo de trânsito e fortalecer a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Conclui-se que a adoção estruturada de plataformas colaborativas pode contribuir significativamente para cidades mais inteligentes, participativas e ambientalmente responsáveis.
Marcia Cristina Nery da Fonseca Rocha Medina
DEVELOPING VIETNAMESE SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN A NON ENGLISH SPEAKING CONTEXT: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Vietnam’s scientific publishing landscape is expanding rapidly, yet most domestic journals remain marginal in international indexing systems and global scholarly communication. This paper develops an integrated, governance oriented analysis of Vietnamese journal development under a non English speaking context, with particular attention to how language, evaluation incentives, editorial capacity, and open science pressures interact. Building on evidence from prior studies of Vietnam’s publication growth and collaboration structure, barriers faced by Vietnamese scholars—especially in the social sciences and humanities—and journal level compliance gaps for regional and global indexing, we argue that Vietnam’s journal system is constrained less by “individual quality deficits” than by structural bottlenecks: fragmented governance, weak professionalization of editorial work, limited international visibility infrastructure, and policy incentives that emphasize counted outputs over ecosystem quality. To address these challenges, we adapt the “journal ecological chain” approach used in open science contexts to articulate how actors (authors, editors, publishers, funders, platforms, regulators) and value flows (knowledge, reputation, resources) co evolve. We further connect journal governance to integrity and transparency tools, including open peer review, open access development pathways, and data stewardship norms such as FAIR (Wilkinson et al., 2016). The paper concludes with a staged policy roadmap for Vietnam that emphasizes bilingual discoverability, editorial professionalization, sustainable open access financing, transparent integrity standards, and periodic policy revision mechanisms informed by comparative regulatory scholarship.
LOWERING COSTS AND IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN THE SAUDI HYDROGEN VALUE CHAIN: A CORE ENABLER OF SAUDI ARABIA'S HYDROGEN EXPORT AMBITIONS UNDER VISION 2030
Saudi Arabia considers low-carbon and green hydrogen to be a central component of its Vision 2030 plan and its net-zero goal in the longer term. Saudi Arabia has huge advantages: plenty of sunshine and winds, already established energy infrastructure, and adequate financing. Saudi Arabia must, however, leverage its potential to be a powerhouse in hydrogen export by optimizing its hydrogen value chain, from renewable energy to feedstock gas, then to hydrogen production, conversion to blue carrier fuels such as ammonia, to hydrogen transportation, to final imports. This report examines the cost drivers and efficiency boundaries in the hydrogen value chain that are relevant for the export strategy in the case of Saudi. The report proposes an action plan on how the costs could be reduced and efficiency increased. The report first provides the context for hydrogen under Vision 2030 and the market perspective. Then the report dissects the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for green and blue hydrogen for Saudi beyond. The article further includes policy instruments that can promote scale-up and attract private sector investment, like offtake contract models with a long-term perspective, low carbon certification for hydrogen, strategic industrial clustering, and global collaboration with importing nations. It concludes with a plan for Saudi Arabia to develop and transport cost-competitive hydrogen on a large scale and emerge as a major hydrogen supplier in the international market and also achieve its domestic decarbonization targets during the period of 2030-2040.
CERTAINTY OF REGISTRATION OF LAND RIGHTS OF CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITIES
Legal certainty through customary land registration raises the issue of the existence of customary law communities in national land law politics as well as preventive legal protection through registration of customary land. Recognition of customary law communities with customary rights according to customary law needs to be interpreted as recognition of the customary law system in the land sector. This research method is normative legal juridical research, which is a type of research used to look at legal aspects in social interactions in society. This type of research is normative juridical research, namely legal research whose object of study includes legislative provisions or also called library legal research. Library legal research is research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data only. The problem approach used in this research, namely: statute approach, and conceptual approach. Based on the results of this writing, it is found that the urgency of registering land rights is the legal protection and guarantee of legal certainty for holders of land rights, thus creating a sense of security over the land they control. The registration of customary land into management rights does not guarantee legal certainty and protection of the customary rights of Masyarakat Hukum Adat.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CITY FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICE QUALITY: A STUDY IN SITUBONDO REGENCY
Digital transformation through the development of smart cities has become a strategic approach to improving the quality of public services and the effectiveness of regional governance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of six dimensions of smart cities in Situbondo Regency and the factors that influence their effectiveness in improving public services. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with purposive sampling and interactive analysis, which includes data condensation, thematic categorization, and source triangulation. All dimensions of smart cities have progressed. However, a mature policy ecosystem has not yet been established. The coherence of objectives between organizations is still weak, policy instruments are not yet integrated, community digital literacy is uneven, and multi-actor collaboration is not yet stable. While smart governance and the smart economy have shown more significant improvements, the smart society and smart environment encounter challenges related to social readiness and technological limitations. This study confirms that the success of a smart city is not only determined by technological capacity, but also by policy harmonization, social readiness, system interoperability, and sustainable policy learning mechanisms as the basis for strengthening regional digital transformation.
AN EXAMINATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' ATHLETE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION LEVELS
This learning objective is to examine the impact of physical education on social media and athlete performance. A total of 232 physical education teachers, 124 female and 108 male, participated in the study. The "Athlete Identity Scale (ASIS)," adapted for the Turkish session by Öztürk and Koca (2013), was used to determine the level of athlete structure, and the "Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)" prepared by Tutgun-Ünal and Deniz (2015) was used to determine the level of social media addiction. The study data were tested using the SPSS 25.0 package program. T-test, One Way ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used. Participation in women's physical education is higher in the amount of social media compared to men's, while men's physical education has a higher social identity level, the intensity of emotional situations in physical education is higher, athletes are more likely to participate in physical education, the amount of physical education in parts is higher, and youth physical education has more social media use (p<0.05). Consequently, social media addiction in physical education is moderate, while athlete performance is high. Furthermore, it has been determined that changes in social media in the organization of physical education vary according to gender and age variables; the athlete's status, exercise status, and educational status vary depending on the variability.
DIGITAL ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and systematize the key challenges to understand the role of digital economy and the relationship with financial risk management. The author put forward the provision on the valuation and measurement of financial risk in contexts of digital economy in Bulgaria. The paper mainly aims to examine the influence of digital finance on enterprise financial risk and its mechanism. The results of the study are presented in Figure 2. Moreover, it attempts to analyze whether digital finance corrects the distortion of traditional financial elements and whether it can effectively improve enterprise financial risk and further verify the inclusion and transmission mechanism of digital finance.
GARANTISMO INTERCULTURAL E IDENTIDADE INDÍGENA À LUZ DO PLURALISMO JURÍDICO: UM DEBATE DECOLONIAL
Este artigo propõe um debate decolonial ao abordar Garantismo Intercultural e Identidade Indígena à luz do Pluralismo Jurídico, com foco no contexto brasileiro. A abordagem adotada utiliza o Pluralismo Jurídico, a Interculturalidade e Teoria do Indigenato para mostrar a importância do Garantismo Intercultural na proteção dos direitos indígenas, argumentando que o Estado deve limitar seu poder para garantir autonomia das comunidades sobre suas terras e recursos naturais. É considerado, também, o papel das políticas de justiça ambiental na proteção dos territórios indígenas como importantes ecossistemas globais estabelecidos pela Constituição de 1988. A partir do reconhecimento da contribuição das comunidades indígenas na gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais e dos desafios enfrentados com a degradação ambiental, foram analisadas políticas públicas brasileiras relacionadas aos direitos indígenas, destacando a necessidade de implementação eficaz e consistente desses direitos em face de pressões econômicas e ambientais. Conclui-se que uma abordagem garantista fortalecida pode promover uma maior participação e consulta das comunidades indígenas em processos decisórios, contribuindo para uma sociedade mais justa, democrática e sustentável no Brasil. Em outras palavras, este artigo demonstra que o garantismo intercultural pode ser aplicado como uma ferramenta jurídica para defender os direitos indígenas, enquanto desafia paradigmas que historicamente marginalizaram essas comunidades.
RESPONSIBLE USE OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT IN VIETNAMESE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING: EVIDENCE FROM JOURNAL POLICIES AND EDITORIAL PRACTICES
The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools—especially large language models (LLMs)—is reshaping scholarly publishing worldwide. While these tools can support language editing, translation, and workflow efficiency, they also raise integrity risks, including fabricated citations, unverifiable claims, undisclosed ghostwriting, confidentiality breaches in peer review, and contested ownership of AI-assisted outputs. Vietnam’s journal ecosystem is currently navigating internationalization pressures (e.g., indexing and visibility goals) alongside uneven editorial capacity and fragmented policy infrastructure, making it a critical setting for examining responsible governance of AI-generated content (AIGC). This study reports an exploratory policy-and-practice mapping across five Vietnam-affiliated publishing contexts (university-based open access journals, an internationally co-published journal, a defense-related journal, and law/social-science publishing). Using structured qualitative content analysis, we identify shared norms (e.g., “AI cannot be an author,” accountability remains human) but also substantial variation in disclosure requirements, treatment of AI-generated images and references, restrictions on reviewer use of AI tools, and clarity of enforcement mechanisms. Building on these findings and international literature, we propose a Vietnam-tailored governance framework that combines (i) risk-tiered allowable uses, (ii) mandatory disclosure and provenance documentation, (iii) human-in-the-loop editorial controls, and (iv) capacity-building measures aligned with open science principles. The paper contributes practical templates (disclosure language, policy clauses, and a workflow-integrated checklist) to support journals, editors, and research institutions seeking credible, implementable AI governance.
FRAUD DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING IN FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Fraud in online financial transactions is a constant and growing threat as digital commerce and real-time payments expand. Since fraud is rare, labels are often delayed or unclear, and attackers change tactics quickly, detection systems must handle class imbalance while meeting strict requirements for speed, privacy, security, and oversight. This review summarizes peer-reviewed research from 2020 to 2025 on machine learning methods for detecting fraud in card-present and card-not-present payments, account-based transactions, bank transfers, and multi-channel monitoring. After a structured screening process, 1,021 records were reviewed, duplicates were removed, and 77 studies were included for qualitative analysis. To look beyond accuracy, we introduce the Operational Capability Triad (ORT), which focuses on three main areas: data realism and leakage control, resilience to changing fraud patterns, and understandability and governance for human investigators. The literature shows that gradient-boosted decision trees are still strong for tabular data, deep learning is used more for behavioral sequences, and graph-driven methods help find organized fraud. The review ends with practical recommendations, including drift-aware evaluation, privacy-respecting benchmarking across institutions, and standard metrics to measure loss prevention and analyst workload.
EXPLORATION OF THE QUALITY CURRICULUM EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRY-EDUCATION INTEGRATION IN SOCIAL SPORTS MAJOR IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES
To address the core issues of "single subject, vague indicators, and incomplete coverage" in the evaluation of industry-education integration in social sports majors in higher vocational colleges, this study is based on the CIPP model, integrating stakeholder theory, collaborative governance theory, and new trends in industrial development. Using the interpretative sequential mixed methods approach, through literature analysis, Delphi method (four rounds of consultation), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), questionnaire survey, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a quality curriculum evaluation system encompassing a four-dimensional framework of “background--input--process--outcome” is constructed and validated. The system incorporates eight new tertiary indicators (covering emerging fields such as digital skills, green sports, and rural sports services), ultimately forming a complete indicator library consisting of four primary dimensions, 12 secondary dimensions, and 56 tertiary dimensions. Empirical testing demonstrates high reliability (overall scale α=0.93) and validity (CFI=0.95). Empirical applications in three different types of higher vocational colleges show that the overall quality of industry-education integration in the sample colleges falls within the "good-moderate” range. National demonstration colleges exhibit significant advantages in resource input and outcome transformation dimensions, while ordinary colleges have prominent shortcomings in new indicators such as digital training and rural sports services. The research results enrich the indicator dimensions and weighting system for evaluating industry-education integration in vocational education, providing scientific tools and practical references for multi- subject collaboration to enhance the quality of industry- education integration in social sports majors.
HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LA LOGÍSTICA INTEGRAL: HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LA LOGÍSTICA INTEGRAL
Este artículo de investigación propone la utilización de herramientas para el análisis de riesgos en la cadena de suministro en una empresa logística, con la finalidad de dar seguimiento al modelo de logística integral. Las metodologías propuestas son el diagrama de procesos, matriz de análisis de riesgos y análisis del modo y efectos de falla; para lo cual se realizó un estudio de los factores de la cadena de suministro en una compañía del ramo logístico. Al aplicar estas técnicas se identificaron las áreas con más riesgo dentro de la empresa: operaciones, infraestructura y soporte. Los fallos encontrados son: en la documentación del proceso, en el soporte de la operación, en la operación en la empresa y en el manejo de la mercancía. El uso de estas herramientas permitió establecer nuevas estrategias para mitigar los efectos de los riesgos analizados, controlar y gestionar su cadena de suministro de manera eficiente.
THE IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP PERCEPTION ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' INNOVATION IN UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA
Physical education teachers play a unique role in the university environment. They need to not only teach physical skills, but also cultivate students’ teamwork spirit and physical fitness, thereby playing a crucial role in higher education. This study used the questionnaire survey method, taking physical education teachers in Chinese universities as samples. A total of 554 formal questionnaires were collected. This study aims to explore predictive effects of perceived spiritual leadership of physical education teachers in Chinese universities on teachers’ innovation, and the mediating effect of workplace spirituality between perceived spiritual leadership and innovative behaviors. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in teachers’ innovative behaviors among physical education teachers of different genders, while there are significant differences among teachers with different educational backgrounds and professional titles. Perceived spiritual leadership has a significant positive impact on teachers’ innovative behaviors and workplace spirituality; workplace spirituality has a significant positive influence on teachers’ innovative behaviors; and workplace spirituality has a mediating effect between the perceived spiritual leadership and teachers’ innovative behaviors. This study provides practical guidance for university administrators by exploring the impact of perceived spiritual leadership on the innovative behaviors of physical education teachers in universities.
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE AND COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE: PATHWAYS TO EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION
This research aims to explore the intersection of social enterprise and community governance, examining their potential as pathways to effective civic participation. By adopting a quantitative research approach, the study comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms through which social enterprises facilitate community engagement and empowerment at the community governance level. Utilizing survey data and statistical analysis, along with interviews with social enterprise leaders and community members, key findings reveal that social enterprises play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between citizens and governance structures, fostering collaboration, and enhancing democratic processes. The research underscores the importance of supportive policy frameworks, access to resources, and capacity building for social enterprises to maximize their impact on community governance. Furthermore, the study highlights the significance of understanding the specific challenges and opportunities faced by social enterprises in different contexts, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to harness their full potential. Implications of this study suggest that promoting social enterprise development can contribute to more inclusive and effective governance systems, ultimately leading to sustainable community development and enhanced civic participation. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between social enterprise, community governance, and civic participation, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to harness the power of social enterprise for positive societal change.
THE POETİCS OF CİVİLİZATİON: FROM CONQUEST TO COLLAPSE İN ANDALUSİAN ARABİC POETRY
This study examines Andalusian Arabic poetry not merely within the framework of literary genres or chronological periods, but as an aesthetic locus of memory reflecting the emergence, maturation, and dissolution of a civilization. The study explores the intricate relationship between poetry, political power, social structure, and cultural identity across the historical trajectory spanning from the initial conquest in 711 to the fall of Granada in 1492. The research demonstrates that while the classical poetic tradition centered in the East remained dominant during the periods of conquest and initial organization, geographical nuances, emotionality, and local elements progressively permeated the poetry. It is revealed that during the Caliphate and the Muluk al-Tawa’if (Taifa) periods, poetry reached its aesthetic zenith, evolving into a discourse that legitimized political power through panegyrics, descriptive verses, and nature poetry. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that uniquely Andalusian genres such as the Muwashshah served as the poetic expression of a multicultural and multilingual societal structure. In the Nasrid period, it is identified that poetry was primarily shaped around themes of sorrow, loss, and melancholy; specifically, in the works of Abu al-Baqa al-Rundi and his successors, the transformation of Al-Andalus into a 'civilization of memory' is reflected as a form of aesthetic resistance. By making the interaction between political history and aesthetic consciousness visible, the study aims to demonstrate how a civilization is constructed and dissolved through a poetic memory.
DIVERSIDADE PEDAGÓGICA NO ENSINO DE MÚSICA NO CONCELHO DE GUIMARÃES, PORTUGAL
A diversidade pedagógica do ensino de música em Guimarães é marcada pela coexistência de sistemas oficiais e não oficiais. Este artigo aborda esta diversidade considerando quatro instituições: Conservatório de Guimarães (ensino oficial), Academia de Música Fernando Matos, Academia de Música Comendador Albano Abreu Coelho Lima e Escola de Música Professor José Neves (ensino não oficial). A investigação, sustentada num estudo de caso múltiplo, apoiou-se em métodos qualitativos com entrevistas a diretores administrativos e pedagógicos, análise documental e questionários aplicados a 332 alunos e 61 professores. A análise de conteúdo permitiu identificar diferenças significativas na organização curricular, nas metodologias pedagógicas e nas perceções dos intervenientes nos processos de aprendizagem. Os resultados evidenciam que a relação entre os diferentes modelos de ensino complementa a formação musical. O ensino formal (oficial) oferece um currículo rígido e estruturado com certificação definida; a abordagem não formal e informal (não oficial) é mais flexível, segue os interesses e capacidades dos estudantes. No entanto, persistem desafios, nomeadamente a necessidade de uma maior articulação entre os diferentes modelos de ensino, o reconhecimento das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas em contextos não formais, e a necessidade de políticas educativas integradoras que contribuam para um ensino de música mais inclusivo e diversificado.
HOW FAR ARE THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA FROM OPTIMAL TAXATION? QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON THE LAFFER CURVE
The aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the corporate income tax rate and net tax revenues in Slovakia and the Czech Republic using the Laffer curve concept. Based on data on actual tax revenues and their discounting to net present value, a quadratic regression analysis was created that takes into account the assumed parabolic relationship between the tax rate and tax revenues. The optimal tax rate was identified as approximately 17.64% for Slovakia and 26.12% for the Czech Republic. The results confirm the nonlinear nature of the relationship and suggest that excessive tax increases can reduce business motivation, encourage tax optimization, and threaten the competitiveness of the economy. The analysis emphasizes the importance of optimizing tax policy not only to maximize government revenues, but also to support investment and long-term sustainable economic growth.
STRENGTHENING FOOD SECURITY VIA ECONOMIC, BUDGETARY AND TRANSPARENCY
The Free Nutritious Food (MBG) program in North Sulawesi aims to address the problem of malnutrition and stunting in Eastern Indonesia by giving schoolchildren access to healthy food. The purpose of this study is to investigate the economic impact, budget optimization, transparency, and mediating role of community participation in the management of MBG on food security. The quantitative method was used with a structured survey approach, and the data were taken directly from the respondents. The SmartPLS 4 application is used to perform structural equation modeling analysis based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The research population consists of students, teachers, MSME actors or traders, and MBG kitchen managers. Because the population is unknown, the sample determination uses the Lemeshow formula so that the sample is at least 385 respondents. However, to obtain a representative sample, the questionnaire was distributed as widely as possible to the research population. A total of 971 respondents from six districts/cities, namely Manado, Bitung, Minahasa, Southeast Minahasa, Sangihe, and Sitaro, answered the questionnaire. The results indicate that all three independent variables contribute positively to increased food security, and this relationship is strengthened by active community engagement. Economic impact increases people's ability to meet their nutritional needs, budget optimization improves the efficiency of food distribution, and management transparency increases program accountability. Community participation ensures the sustainability and effectiveness of MBG.
DOES BEING GREEN PAY OFF? THE ROLE OF ESG PERFORMANCE AND CARBON INTENSITY IN SHAPING GREEN BOND FINANCING AMONG ASIAN FIRMS
Climate change has intensified the need for financial innovation to support sustainable transitions. Green bonds have emerged as key instruments to fund low carbon investments and promote environmental accountability. This study investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and carbon emission intensity affect the proportion of green bonds issued by Asian firms from 2019 to 2023. Results show that ESG score is negatively correlated with the proportion of green bonds, meaning that companies with higher sustainability credibility are less dependent on external green financing. Carbon emission intensity is positively associated with green bond proportion, indicating that firms with higher indirect emissions are more likely to use green bonds to demonstrate environmental commitment and enhance legitimacy. From sub-sample ASEAN and non-ASEAN firms highlight the role of institutional contexts in shaping sustainable finance adoption. These findings contribute by reinterpreting signaling theory and legitimacy theory within the Asian context, showing that firms with high ESG credibility refrain from costly green bond signaling due to established reputation, while firms with higher carbon emission intensity actively issue green bonds as legitimacy tools to maintain social and investor acceptance.
PRÁTICAS LÚDICAS NO ENSINO DE FRAÇÕES E A GARANTIA DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
O ensino de frações na educação básica constitui um desafio recorrente devido ao seu caráter abstrato e ao desinteresse que frequentemente desperta nos estudantes, o que impacta a aprendizagem significativa e a garantia do direito à educação básica. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o efeito das práticas lúdicas na compreensão de frações por alunos do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento quase experimental, aplicada a estudantes colombianos do quarto ano. Inicialmente, foi aplicado um pré-teste, que evidenciou dificuldades especialmente no manejo de frações com mesmo denominador. Em seguida, foi desenvolvida uma intervenção pedagógica baseada em sete jogos didáticos, voltados à promoção da participação ativa e do raciocínio matemático. Ao final da intervenção, um pós-teste revelou melhora significativa na compreensão das frações, com mais de 80 % de respostas corretas, além de maior motivação e interesse dos estudantes. Os resultados indicam que a integração sistemática de práticas lúdicas em sala de aula favorece a aprendizagem de frações e se configura como uma estratégia pedagógica relevante para o fortalecimento do direito à educação básica.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND TRI HITA KARANA IN COASTAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY IN BALI
The rapid growth of coastal tourism in Bali has increased waste generation, particularly plastic, which threatens marine ecosystems, coastal aesthetics, and the image of tourist destinations. This study aims to develop a model for a cooperation agreement between business actors and traditional leaders for waste management based on environmental justice and the local wisdom of Tri Hita Karana. A socio-legal approach was used through field research, interviews with traditional leaders, local governments, and business actors, as well as analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using a collaborative governance and environmental justice framework. The results show that waste management in Bali faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and lack of coordination. A cooperation agreement based on a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and a Partnership Agreement can integrate customary and positive law, strengthen the role of traditional villages, and support the SDGs (Goals 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 17). This model offers an inclusive solution for sustainable waste management, increases Bali's tourism competitiveness, and preserves the environment and culture. Recommendations include strengthening the capacity of traditional villages and standardizing the TPS3R infrastructure to support effective implementation.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF PROSPECTIVE STARTUP STUDENTS IN INDONESIAN STATE UNIVERSITIES
This study aimed to assess the entrepreneurial intention model of students influenced by psychological capital, mentoring, and entrepreneurship education in Indonesian state universities. A quantitative survey approach was employed, involving individuals participating in the Entrepreneurial Student Development Program (P2MW). The sample population comprised 258 students from 53 universities in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method to examine the role of psychological capital, mentoring, and entrepreneurship education in influencing entrepreneurial intentions. The findings revealed that psychological capital had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. However, mentoring and entrepreneurship education do not directly influence entrepreneurial intentions. Notably, mentoring and entrepreneurship education positively and significantly affected the enhancement of entrepreneurial intentions through psychological capital. These findings have several important academic and professional implications for understanding the university students’ entrepreneurial intention model. Additionally, this study offers a framework for formulating strategies to support key performance indicators of universities, particularly in producing entrepreneurial graduates who are in high demand in Indonesia.
PRÁCTICAS FINANCIERAS Y COMPETITIVIDAD EN PYMES DEL SECTOR COMERCIAL DE VALLEDUPAR
Este estudio cuantitativo-correlacional analizó 181 pymes comerciales de Valledupar (2022-2025) para determinar cómo sus prácticas financieras, factores internos y externos inciden en la competitividad. Se aplicaron cuestionarios, fichas documentales y entrevistas, complementados con ANOVA, regresión múltiple y k-means. El modelo explicó 58 % de la varianza del índice compuesto de competitividad: la digitalización (β = 0,43) y las horas de capacitación (β = 0,29) fueron los impulsores principales, mientras la deuda-patrimonio elevada y los ciclos de conversión largos la redujeron significativamente. Tres tipologías emergieron: gestión conservadora (45 %), mixta (31 %) y expansiva (24 %), las dos últimas asociadas a mayores márgenes y crecimiento. La inflación y las tasas de interés dañaron la rentabilidad, pero el comercio electrónico atenuó ese efecto. Los riesgos críticos identificados incluyen variabilidad cambiaria, volatilidad de liquidez y mora de cartera. Se recomienda digitalizar procesos, profesionalizar talento, optimizar capital de trabajo y adoptar coberturas cambiarias para pasar de estrategias conservadoras a mixtas o expansivas.
RESHAPING SHANGHAI'S MICRO-DRAMA ECOSYSTEM: INNOVATION AND CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This study explores the transformation of Shanghai’s micro-drama industry within the broader context of media ecology and cultural identity. Micro-dramas, short-form video content that blends narrative structures with algorithmic consumption patterns, have rapidly emerged as a dominant form of digital media in China. This research examines the ecological factors influencing the industry's performance, such as policy support, technological advancements, and market competition, while also analyzing the role of symbolic narratives in constructing cultural identity. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (n=428) and qualitative interviews (n=23), the study reveals that Shanghai’s micro-drama industry faces the challenge of balancing high production costs with the demands of algorithmic distribution systems. The findings propose a strategic framework for innovation in the industry, emphasizing quality content, algorithmic adaptability, and cross-boundary integration. This research contributes to the academic understanding of media ecosystems and provides practical insights for industry practitioners and policymakers.
CORPORATE BLUE BOND REGULATION AS A CATALYST FOR BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Indonesia has substantial economic potential in the maritime sector, which includes coastal resources, biotechnology, fisheries, oil and gas, marine transportation, and marine tourism. To optimize this potential and meet the commitment to Sustainable Development Goal 14, innovative financing mechanisms are needed to balance exploration and conservation aspects. This urgency arises because the blue economy has been designated as a priority program in Indonesia’s National Medium-Term Development Plan 2025–2029. To address these legal issues, this study employs a normative legal research method with an exploratory character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The comparative analysis of the Philippines’ blue bond framework indicates that the unification of the IFC’s Blue Finance Guidance Framework and the ADB Green and Blue Bond Framework could serve as a model for developing corporate blue bonds to finance Indonesia’s blue economy. Through the regulation of corporate blue bonds, it is expected that this instrument will serve as a catalyst for blue economy development in Indonesia.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN THE JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR IN VIETNAM: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL SATISFACTION
This research investigates how internal and external corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence organizational satisfaction (OS) and employee engagement (EE) in the banking sector. Grounded in Social Identity Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, it develops and tests a mediation model to explain the psychological mechanisms linking CSR to EE. Data from 559 employees in Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that internal CSR (ICSR), external CSR (ECSR) positively and significantly affect OS and EE. In addition, OS is positively associated with EE and partially mediates the relationships between both CSR dimensions and engagement. This indicates that employees’ satisfaction functions as a key psychological pathway through which CSR initiatives enhance engagement. The effect of ECSR on employee outcomes is stronger when supported by effective internal CSR practices, highlighting a complementary interaction between the two dimensions. The research contributes to the CSR and organizational behavior literature by showing that employees clearly differentiate between ICSR and ECSR and by identifying the conditions under which these dimensions act as complementary rather than substitutive drivers. Finally, it offers important theoretical and practical implications for banks seeking to align CSR with sustainable human capital development and long-term performance.
AMPLIFYING THE DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN MODEL: THE MODERATING ROLE OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS CAPABILITY ON PERCEPTIONS OF PERSONNEL IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
This study investigates how Big Data Analytics Capability (BDAC) shapes the interplay among Corporate Digital Transformation (CDT), Supply Chain Digital Transformation (SCDT), Customer Data Engagement (CDE), and Corporate Performance (CP) in Chinese manufacturing firms. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, BDAC is conceptualized as a higher-order, VRIN-aligned strategic capability enabling firms to sense, seize, and reconfigure resources in digitally transformed environments. Survey data from 368 employees and managers were analyzed using structural equation modeling, revealing that CDT and SCDT significantly enhance CP, CDE partially mediates the CDT–CP relationship, and BDAC positively moderates both the CDT–CDE and SCDT–CP links. These findings underscore that technology adoption alone is insufficient; developing analytical capabilities, fostering a data-driven culture, and integrating BDAC into core supply chain functions are critical for realizing digital transformation value. The study contributes theoretically by elucidating BDAC’s role in bridging digital investments and perceived organizational outcomes, and practically by guiding managers to balance technological infrastructure with capability development. Limitations include its cross-sectional design and reliance on perception-based data, suggesting future longitudinal and cross-context research.
NAVIGATING CHANGES IN THE SCIENCE CURRICULUM: TEACHERS' RESILIENCE AND SYSTEMIC GAPS
Science teachers play an important role as implementers of curricula, transforming the curriculum design into meaningful learning experiences for learners. This paper presents multiple case studies of science teachers’ understanding of the implementation of different science curricula in basic education, their experiences, and the strategies they use as they implement these changes. Drawing on thematic analysis of interview transcripts from five informant teachers, the study employed the procedure prescribed by Braun and Clarke to uncover recurring patterns and unique experiences. The findings reveal a complex landscape in which significant systemic and contextual barriers often confront the latest curriculum's progressive design. Key observations highlight a pervasive sense of curriculum fatigue among educators, critical resource and infrastructure deficits, and profound challenges in student readiness influenced by socioeconomic factors. Despite these obstacles, teachers consistently demonstrate remarkable resilience and innovation, frequently resorting to personal sacrifice to bridge implementation gaps.
LOCAL RESOURCES AND WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
The SDGs for villages serve as the primary foundation for efforts to improve the welfare of coastal village communities, including gender equality, which places women as important actors in development. In Indonesia, North Sulawesi has 760 coastal villages. Hence, development efforts in coastal villages require concrete policies from the government, as well as strategies to enable coastal village communities to utilize their local resources. The The aim of this study is to examine the impact of local resources and the role of women on family economics and coastal village economic development, both directly and indirectly, within the framework of sustainable development. This study used quantitative methods and was analyzed using SEM-PLS 4.0 with 408 samples. The results provide empirical evidence for seven tested hypotheses. Local resources significantly influence family economics (t=5.542, p=0.000) but show no direct effect on village economic development (t=1.711, p=0.087). Women’s roles significantly affect both family economics (t=5.553, p=0.000) and village development (t=12.571, p=0.000). Family economics strongly impact village development (t=12.571, p=0.000). Furthermore, indirect effects confirm that local resources (t=5.267, p=0.000) and women’s roles (t=5.267, p=0.000) contribute to village development through family economics. These findings highlight that the productive utilization of local resources can increase family income and indirectly promote economic development, while women play a critical role in strengthening the family economy and improving living standards. Synergy between the government and the community in building from the bottom up, especially in coastal villages rich in potential, is the key to achieving inclusive and sustainable economic development.
INTEGRATION OF WEATHER MONITORING-PREDICTION-WATER CONDITIONS IN CORAL CONSERVATION TOURISM AREAS
The coral monitoring system is designed to monitor coral growth and survival rates, integrated with weather forecasts and real-time information on marine environmental conditions at the Bahoi Likupang coral conservation site in North Minahasa Regency. The goal is to provide tourists and attraction managers with information on favorable weather and marine conditions for coral planting. Predictive analysis was performed using the Decision Tree algorithm, which demonstrated an accuracy of 85%, a precision of 0.83, and a recall of 0.87. These results demonstrate the model's ability to predict rainfall and identify patterns of relationships between environmental parameters. Field trials demonstrated that the IoT system is capable of transmitting real-time data to a web-based dashboard to display sea temperature, humidity, and weather forecasts. The integration of the predictive model and the real-time monitoring system provides an early warning function for potential environmental changes that could threaten coral reef health.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKET RISK MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR THE CHINESE STOCK MARKET
The purpose of this study is to compare two major risk measurement models in financial markets—the Value at Risk (VaR) model and the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) model—and to evaluate their effectiveness and limitations in stock market risk management. First, through an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of stock market risk, the paper clarifies the importance of risk for investment decision-making, in particular its impact on asset allocation and risk management strategies. The findings show that VaR, as a traditional risk measurement tool, is simple and convenient and enables a rapid assessment of market risk; however, when confronted with extreme tail events it exhibits certain shortcomings and cannot fully capture the true risk of extreme losses. By contrast, CVaR, by focusing on tail risk, makes it possible to identify potential extreme losses more accurately; especially during periods of sharp market volatility, its early-warning function substantially outperforms VaR. In the empirical part of the article, historical data for the Shanghai A-share index are used. The GARCH-M model is applied to estimate VaR and CVaR, and their values are compared when measuring stock market risk. The results indicate that, at the same confidence level, CVaR is always greater than VaR, which further confirms the advantage of CVaR in reflecting risk losses more accurately, especially tail risk. Overall, this study not only provides a theoretical basis for risk management in financial markets, but also offers recommendations for improving risk measurement methods in the stock market, emphasizing the need to account for tail risk when making investment decisions. The conclusions have important reference value for investors seeking to develop more scientifically grounded risk control strategies in a dynamic market environment.
APLICAÇÃO DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL COMO ESTRATÉGIA PEDAGÓGICA VOLTADA AO APRIMORAMENTO DO RACIOCÍNIO CLÍNICO EM PSIQUIATRIA E SAÚDE MENTAL: REVISÃO ESCOPO
Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as evidências mais atuais sobre a aplicação da Realidade Virtual (VR) como estratégia pedagógica voltada ao aprimoramento do raciocínio clínico em psiquiatria e saúde mental, identificando tipos de intervenções, contextos educacionais, resultados de aprendizagem e lacunas na produção científica. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, realizada entre dezembro de 2025 a janeiro de 2026, conduzida conforme as recomendações metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs e orientada pelo checklist PRISMA-ScR, com protocolo registrado na Open Science Framework. A pergunta norteadora foi formulada a partir do mnemônico PCC: P – estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde; C – aplicação da VR como estratégia pedagógica; C – ensino em psiquiatria e saúde mental. Foram incluídos estudos completos, de acesso livre, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em todos os idiomas, que abordassem o uso da VR em contextos educacionais voltados à psiquiatria e saúde mental. Excluíram-se estudos fora do contexto educacional ou que não discutissem a VR com finalidade pedagógica. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase e Cochrane Library, com busca complementar no Google Acadêmico. A seleção e extração dos dados foram conduzidas por dois revisores independentes. Resultados e Discussão: Foram incluídos 12 estudos, com predomínio de revisões sistemáticas, metanálises e ensaios controlados, majoritariamente desenvolvidos em cursos de graduação em enfermagem e medicina. As intervenções concentraram-se no uso de VR imersiva, pacientes virtuais interativos e pacientes padronizados virtuais, aplicados principalmente em ambientes acadêmicos simulados. Os resultados apontam melhora consistente do raciocínio clínico, da competência percebida, das habilidades comunicacionais e da empatia, especialmente quando associados a debriefing estruturado e possibilidade de repetição dos cenários. Observou-se heterogeneidade metodológica, predomínio de avaliações de curto prazo e limitada investigação sobre transferência do aprendizado para a prática clínica real. Conclusão: A VR configura-se como estratégia pedagógica promissora para o aprimoramento do raciocínio clínico em psiquiatria e saúde mental, sobretudo quando integrada a desenhos pedagógicos robustos. Apesar dos benefícios observados, persistem lacunas relacionadas à avaliação longitudinal dos efeitos, à diversidade de contextos educacionais e à padronização metodológica, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas futuras que avaliem impactos sustentados na prática profissional.
COMPLIANCE Y RESPONSABILIDAD JURÍDICA EMPRESARIAL: ESTRATEGIA Y BLINDAJE PREVENTIVO DE GOBERNANZA CORPORATIVA EN MÉXICO
Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es examinar el papel del compliance institucional y su incidencia en la gobernanza corporativa, con especial atención a la incorporación del criminal compliance en México. Este último reconoce la novedosa responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas y exige la implementación de sistemas preventivos orientados a mitigar riesgos legales, financieros y reputacionales en las corporaciones. Metodología: Se aplicaron 390 encuestas a empresarios y directivos de organizaciones nacionales, complementadas con una revisión documental de literatura especializada y normativa vigente. El análisis se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Resultados: Se identificaron los principales ámbitos de responsabilidad jurídica empresarial -penal, administrativa, civil, laboral y fiscal- y se evaluaron los mecanismos de control y supervisión, así como las percepciones de los actores sobre su eficacia. Limitaciones: El estudio se circunscribe a organizaciones nacionales, lo que restringe la generalización de los hallazgos en contextos internacionales. No obstante, aporta insumos relevantes para el fortalecimiento de políticas corporativas de prevención. Originalidad: El trabajo ofrece evidencia empírica sobre la evolución del compliance en México y su consolidación como estrategia preventiva en el ámbito empresarial. Conclusiones: El compliance trasciende el mero cumplimiento normativo, constituyéndose en una herramienta ética que refuerza la sostenibilidad organizacional y garantiza una protección jurídica integral.
NARRATIVES OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND CHANGE: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MONTHLY REPORTING IN PROBATION REHABILITATION PATHWAYS AND SUPERVISION CHALLENGES
This study examines the lived experiences of probationers and probation officers on mandatory monthly reporting as a core supervision mechanism of probation in the Philippines. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nine probationers and five probation officers in Isabela Province. The inquiry explored how monthly reporting influenced behavioral, psychological, and social dimensions of rehabilitation, and the challenges encountered during its implementation. Thematic analysis revealed that probationers perceive monthly reporting as a constructive process that fosters accountability, self-discipline, and reflective change, thereby supporting rehabilitation pathways. However, both probationers and probation officers identified persistent structural challenges, particularly logistical barriers and resource constraints, which undermine consistent compliance and effective supervision. These interconnected challenges were found to adversely affect monitoring efficiency and the overall rehabilitative potential of probation supervision. The findings underscore the need for adaptive supervision strategies, including more flexible and technology-enabled reporting mechanisms, strengthened collaboration with local social service agencies, and improved alignment between probationers’ rehabilitative needs and available institutional support. By foregrounding experiential narratives, this study contributes qualitative insights to community corrections literature and informs policy-relevant reforms in probation supervision.
BUILDING BRAND EQUITY IN THE PERFORMING ARTS: THE STRATEGIC ROLES OF PRODUCT DESIGN, SERVICE QUALITY, PRICING, AND CUSTOMER VALUE IN FUJIAN BALLET PRODUCTS
Based on customer-based brand equity and value-based marketing, this study explores how specific marketing mix elements can promote the brand equity of regional ballet brands in China. Focusing on ballet dancers and institutions in Fujian, the research will make a quantitative survey on the audience and consumers of ballet performances, training courses and cultural and creative products. By adjusting the mature scales of perceived product value, customer-based brand equity and marketing mix evaluation, a structural equation model is constructed: product design, perceived product/service quality and price fairness are the antecedent variables, customer value is the intermediary variable, and brand equity is the final result.Previous studies have shown that marketing mix elements (especially products and communication) enhance brand equity through perceived value, while in Asian markets, perceived value will further affect brand resonance, affective commitment and customer-based brand equity. In the performing arts and tourism, quality, cost performance and experiential benefits are the core driving factors for the formation of brand equity.Extending these insights, this study expects that superior artistic–aesthetic design, reliable service delivery, and fair pricing jointly increase perceived customer value, thereby strengthening brand awareness, associations, perceived quality, and loyalty for Fujian ballet brands. The findings will contextualize customer‑based brand equity in the Chinese ballet industry and offer evidence‑based guidance for integrated arts marketing strategy.
DATA RESIDENCY–AWARE MULTI-CLOUD STRATEGY: DESIGNING HYBRID AND MULTI-CLOUD ARCHITECTURES UNDER LOCALIZATION AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
The rapid adoption of cloud computing has enabled organizations to achieve scalability, agility, and cost efficiency. However, increasing regulatory scrutiny around data sovereignty and localization presents significant challenges to traditional cloud deployment models. Many jurisdictions now mandate that sensitive data remain within national or regional boundaries, complicating the design of hybrid and multi-cloud architectures that span multiple geographies and service providers. This paper proposes a data residency–aware multi-cloud strategy that integrates regulatory compliance into cloud architecture design. The study examines regulatory drivers, architectural patterns, governance mechanisms, and technical enablers required to balance innovation with compliance. A conceptual framework is presented to guide organizations in designing hybrid and multi-cloud environments that satisfy localization mandates while maintaining operational flexibility, resilience, and performance. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers, cloud architects, and enterprises operating in regulated environments.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY
Over the last decade, Nigeria has been persistently described as the world’s capital of poverty, with approximately half of its population reported to live below the poverty line according to the World Bank. This is a striking paradox given the nation’s status as the largest economy in Africa and one of the fastest-growing economies globally in recent years. The overwhelming evidence suggests that Nigeria’s economic growth has not been inclusive. This study therefore examined the moderating role of institutional quality in the relationship between financial inclusion and inclusive growth, employing time series data from 1990 to 2023. Estimated results from both the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Quantile Generalized Method of Moments (QGMM)—used for robust inference—reveal that financial inclusion has a statistically significant positive impact on both aggregated inclusive growth (measured via principal component analysis) and disaggregated inclusive growth (including standards of living, life expectancy at birth, and GDP growth). The study also finds that institutional quality exerts a direct cautionary effect on inclusive growth and distorts the positive impact of financial inclusion. While this appears counterintuitive, the study attributes these cautionary effects to short-term disruptions that produce long-term ripple effects. It is recommended that institutional reforms be tailored to the peculiarities of the Nigerian economy and closely monitored to mitigate potential short-run disruptions that could undermine the long-term benefits of strong institutional quality.
PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY OF VILLAGE FUNDS: KAJANG WISDOM REVIEW
This study aims to systematically and critically examine the concept of public accountability for village funds by integrating the local wisdom perspective of the Ammatoa Kajang tribe. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with the PRISMA 2020 protocol, this study analysed 39 Scopus-indexed scientific articles published between 2009 and 2025 to identify models, theories, and practices of public accountability in village fund management. The synthesis results show that public accountability at the village level is generally still administratively and formalistically oriented, with a focus on financial reporting, regulatory compliance, and external supervision. However, the local wisdom values of Ammatoa Kajang, such as Kamasemasea (simplicity), Pappasang (trustworthiness), and Tallasa Kamasemasea (living in harmony with nature), offer an alternative paradigm that emphasises moral, social, and ecological accountability. Using Jacques Derrida's deconstructionist perspective, this study highlights the tension between transparency and power and opens up a reflective space for the formation of a hybrid accountability model that combines local ethics and formal mechanisms. This study contributes to the strengthening of culture-based public accountability theory and provides normative recommendations for participatory, inclusive, and socially just village governance policies.
RECONFIGURING THE JOURNAL ECOLOGICAL CHAIN IN VIETNAM: AN OPEN SCIENCE–DRIVEN GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE
Vietnam’s scholarly journals sit at the intersection of national research evaluation, institutional capacity constraints, and a rapidly changing global publishing environment. While “open science” is often discussed through the lenses of open access or open data, its practical consequences in Vietnam are better understood by examining how it reshapes the journal ecological chain—the interconnected actors, infrastructures, and value flows that move research outputs from production to dissemination and reuse. Building on ecological-chain thinking that conceptualizes journals as part of an end-to-end knowledge system spanning producers, consumers, and “decomposers” (e.g., indexing, archiving, and publishing platforms), this paper offers a Vietnam-focused governance analysis that goes beyond descriptive mapping. We develop a conceptual framework to (i) map the Vietnamese journal ecological chain and its value exchanges, (ii) diagnose governance bottlenecks exposed by open science practices, and (iii) propose a staged, open science–driven reconfiguration strategy compatible with Vietnam’s legal, infrastructural, and academic culture conditions. The analysis highlights four governance frictions: incentive misalignment driven by index-based evaluation, fragmented platform interoperability, uneven quality and integrity assurance, and financially fragile publishing operations. We argue that sustainable transformation requires governance by design: interoperable infrastructure (DOI/ORCID/metadata), integrity-by-default standards, incentive reform aligned with responsible metrics, and shared service models that reduce duplicated costs across journals. The proposed roadmap provides actionable pathways for journals, universities, funders, and regulators to coordinate reforms while protecting local-language scholarship and strengthening Vietnam’s international publishing visibility.
ANALYSIS OF STRATEGY FOR SERVICE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT BASED ON PATIENT EXPERIENCE USING IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA) AT FAISAL ISLAMIC HOSPITAL, MAKASSAR
Improving hospital service quality is determined not only by patient satisfaction but also by patient experience during care delivery. The decline in patient satisfaction at Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar in 2024 indicates a gap between patient expectations and service performance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze patient experience using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify priority areas and formulate strategies for improving healthcare service quality. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining quantitative analysis of patient experience using IPA with qualitative data obtained through Focus Group Discussions with hospital management. A total of 149 patients and 20 key informants participated in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed univariately using SPSS and subsequently mapped using the IPA method. The results showed that of 49 service attributes, 13 attributes were classified in Quadrant I (Top Priority), 15 in Quadrant II (Keep Up the Good Work), 10 in Quadrant III (Low Priority), and 11 in Quadrant IV (Possible Overkill). Most service attributes were positioned in Quadrant II, indicating satisfactory performance. However, appointment timeliness and zero-wait service remained in Quadrant I with a compliance rate of 75.7%, highlighting the need for immediate improvement. In conclusion, enhancing patient experience at Faisal Islamic Hospital requires prioritizing efficient time management and improving administrative system responsiveness.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O MARCO DE SENDAI E A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE PROTEÇÃO E DEFESA CIVIL DO BRASIL
Neste artigo objetiva-se analisar o Marco de Sendai em nível internacional e o seu desdobramento no Brasil. A metodologia se dá por análise documental entre o Marco de Sendai e a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil – Lei 12.608/12, a fim de descrever suas aproximações, avanços e retrocessos como ordenamentos espaciais e jurídicos. A aplicação do método de análise comparativa de políticas ambientais possibilitou um melhor correlacionamento dos objetos de estudo. A interação do Marco de Sendai é ramificada para criar a cultura de desastres multiescalar, inclui quatro prioridades que dispõe orientação para melhor perceber como a norma deve se adaptar para a ocorrência de desastres, cuja incorporação no Brasil se deu pelo Plano Plurianual 2016-2019 que permeia as instituições, atores públicos, proteção ambiental, os vulneráveis, etc. A governança multinível no Brasil adere o aspecto top-down a partir de o Brasil ser signatário do Marco de Sendai, mas permite que sua aderência social ocorra pela escala regional e sua redistribuição de se dê pelo aspecto bottom-up na Redução de Riscos de Desastres para a coesão territorial para a realização dos bens comuns no terroir.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT THROUGH "SCAFFOLDING" TECHNIQUE TO FOSTER CREATIVITY OF DIPLOMA STUDENTS, DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT, SONGKHLA COMMUNITY COLLEGE, THAILAND
This research purposes evaluate the creativity through learning management of “Scaffolding” Technique with the Diploma students in Branch of Management, Songkhla Community College. To foster creative thinking by employing "Scaffolding" Technique to the Diploma students. The target group in this research was 25 first year students in Branch of Management in Songkhla Community College, who registered for a Basic Business course. The student samples were obtained through a purposive sampling method because only one basic business course in Branch of Management was offered due to the requirement of the Institute of Community College. The result of the research can be concluded that the comparison of the creativity evaluation of the diploma student samples on the Business Model Canvas (BMC) by using the evaluation criteria based on the theory of creative thinking of the Guilford’s is 70% significantly higher than the preset criterion at .01.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC HAIR COLORING TECHNIQUES: EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF THE AIRTOUCH AND SASAK METHODS IN MODERN HAIR AESTHETICS
Purpose: In the burgeoning domain of hair aesthetics, the advent of artistic hair coloring techniques has attracted significant attention among beauty professionals and clients. The study compares two prominent techniques: AirTouch and Sasak (Weaving), which aim to evaluate efficacy, aesthetic results, and consumer acceptance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using an experimental-comparative design, 78 trained observers assessed the final results of hair coloring using standard instruments. Quantitative data analysis includes descriptive statistics, normality test, homogeneity variance, and independent sample t-test. Findings: The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean aesthetic score of the two techniques (p > 0.05), although AirTouch showed results more consistent with the normally distributed scores. The findings suggest that both techniques are equally effective in achieving hair color targets (ash brown), with AirTouch offering smoother color transitions and Sasak providing bolder contrasts. These results are crucial for stylists in choosing the appropriate technique based on the client's preferences and desired results. Research limitations/implications: The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge in hair aesthetics and cosmetic science by providing empirical evidence that different artistic hair coloring techniques can yield statistically comparable aesthetic outcomes. This supports the notion that aesthetic effectiveness is not solely determined by technique selection but also by execution quality and stylist expertise. The results enrich theoretical discussions on aesthetic evaluation in beauty practices by highlighting the role of visual transition smoothness and contrast intensity as distinct yet equally valued aesthetic dimensions. Practical implications: From a practical perspective, the study offers valuable guidance for hairstylists and beauty professionals in selecting coloring techniques based on client preferences rather than perceived technical superiority. The AirTouch technique may be recommended for clients seeking subtle gradients and softer visual transitions, while the Sasak (Weaving) technique may be more suitable for clients desiring bold, high-contrast effects. These insights can inform professional training curricula, salon consultation practices, and technique selection frameworks in the beauty industry. Social implications: The findings of this study underscore the social significance of artistic hair coloring as a form of personal expression and identity construction in contemporary society. By demonstrating that both AirTouch and Sasak (Weaving) techniques yield comparable aesthetic outcomes, the study supports greater inclusivity and autonomy in appearance-related decision-making, enabling individuals to choose styles based on personal preferences, cultural values, and social identity rather than perceived technical superiority. The results also suggest that high quality aesthetic outcomes are attainable across salons with different resource levels, contributing to more equitable access to professional beauty services. Moreover, evidence based comparisons of widely practiced techniques can strengthen transparency and trust in stylist client interactions, fostering ethical practices and informed consumer choices within the beauty industry. Originality/value: This study offers original empirical value by providing a controlled experimental comparison of AirTouch and Sasak (Weaving) hair coloring techniques using standardized aesthetic assessment and statistical testing, an area that remains underexplored in existing hair aesthetics research. Unlike prior studies that primarily rely on practitioner narratives or stylist preferences, this research applies quantitative evaluation to objectively assess aesthetic outcomes. By demonstrating statistically comparable effectiveness while identifying distinct visual characteristics associated with each technique, the study contributes novel insights that bridge cosmetic practice, aesthetic theory, and evidence-based decision-making, thereby supporting more informed professional training and client-centered styling strategies.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 21ST-CENTURY LEARNING MODULE FOR ETHICAL CITIZENSHIP IN MALAYSIAN PRIMARY HISTORY EDUCATION
This article critically examines how history education in Malaysia functions as a state instrument of ideological socialization and explores the potential of transformative pedagogy to promote ethical citizenship among primary school students. Drawing on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, and Westheimer and Kahne’s citizenship typology, the study investigates the Neo-21st Century Learning History Module a technology-enhanced, inquiry-based teaching innovation. Through a review of Malaysian curriculum policy and international literature, the paper highlights the limitations of textbook-centered instruction, which emphasizes conformity and rote learning at the expense of civic reflection. The proposed pedagogical model seeks to counter these tendencies by fostering historical thinking, moral reasoning, and democratic engagement. The study contributes to current debates on the role of education in social reproduction and transformation, aligning with global calls for justice-oriented and pluralistic citizenship education.
USING VOSVIEWER SOFTWARE IN COLLECTING MATERIALS OF OVERVIEW RESEARCH
Research overviews play a critical role in scientific inquiry by enabling scholars to systematically map, evaluate, and synthesize existing knowledge related to a specific research problem. A theoretical research overview, in particular, seeks to integrate concepts, methods, and findings from prior studies in order to explain social and scientific phenomena and to identify gaps that warrant further investigation. Despite its importance, conducting a comprehensive and methodologically sound literature overview remains challenging, especially for early-career researchers and graduate students, who often face difficulties in locating, organizing, and critically assessing large volumes of academic publications. Systematic literature searching is therefore an essential stage in the research process, as it provides a structured approach to identifying relevant studies, understanding theoretical foundations, evaluating methodological trends, and assessing the strengths and limitations of existing research. Recent scholarship emphasizes the value of consensus across multiple literature reviews as a key step in ensuring rigor and reliability. At the same time, researchers are increasingly encouraged to engage with open-access data sources that enhance transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in knowledge production. Within this context, scientometric analysis has emerged as a powerful method for examining scientific development across disciplines. By combining quantitative bibliometric techniques with visualization tools, scientometric approaches allow researchers to identify influential publications, authors, institutions, and countries, as well as to track thematic evolution and citation patterns. Although previous studies have successfully applied tools such as VOSviewer using data from databases like Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, there remains a lack of practical guidance on leveraging open-access platforms—particularly OpenAlex—for comprehensive literature collection and analysis. This article addresses this gap by introducing OpenAlex as a valuable and openly accessible data source for systematic literature collection, in combination with VOSviewer software for scientometric analysis. The study demonstrates how researchers can efficiently retrieve, analyze, and visualize scholarly data to gain insights into research trends, citation impact, and knowledge structures. A practical illustration using the keyword “Digital Quantitative Analysis” is provided to guide users through the process. The findings highlight how this approach can significantly reduce time and effort in literature searching while supporting the identification of meaningful research gaps and future research directions.
THE REPRESENTATION OF GENDER IDEOLOGY IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHER'S HANDBOOK
Books that are regularly read shape readers' thinking and views. This study aims to critique and uncover how gender ideology is constructed in The Early Childhood Education Teacher's Handbook (ECETH) by (1) identifying gender ideology as a societal discourse; (2) explain-ing ideological co-existence in the form of naturalisation and gender resistance; and (3) for-mulating asymmetric gender progressivism. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, supported by qualitative descriptive methods. Data were obtained from six books and a com-pleted questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using critical discourse analysis and NVi-vo. The results show that gender ideology is not a stable or fixed worldview but rather a dis-cursive formation shaped by social contingencies that depend on professional, locally embed-ded institutional structures, policies, and practices. Gender is naturalized in terms that do not constitute an explicit challenge to gender equality, but rather an implicit refinement process that maintains existing hierarchies while allowing some room for modification. Asymmetric gender progressivism helps explain why gender-inclusive language and imagery coexist with largely intact inequality. This is a crucial realization in the debate about changing gender norms and in the endeavor to develop genuinely inclusive pedagogical resources.
CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF INTERACTION OF ISLANDERS IN THE SUPER PRIORITY TOURISM DESTINATION AREA (DPSP) LABUAN BAJO, INDONESIA
The Labuan Bajo Super Priority Tourism Destination Area (DPSP), which includes the archipelago, is undergoing intensive social, economic, cultural and environmental transformation due to the acceleration of tourism development. This article aims to identify the demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the islanders in the Labuan Bajo DPSP area, analyze their interaction patterns with tourists and formulate policy recommendations that can support the development of sustainable population-based tourism. The research method was carried out through a qualitative approach, including household surveys, in-depth interviews and participatory observations. The results of the study show that the demographic characteristics of the islanders are dominated by young people and a large number with a relatively low educational character. Economically, the population is still dependent on marine resources with the distribution of the population consisting of the Ata Modo, Bajo, Bugis and Manggarai tribes who still maintain their cultural and ritual values. The pattern of socio-economic interaction is characterized by increasing the intensity of contact between local residents, tourists, tourism actors and the government which has an impact on economic change with the transition of the population from fishermen to workers in tourism services. So that the importance of the involvement of local residents in the planning and implementation of tourism development so that tourism is created based on local communities.
LEGAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF REAL-WORLD ASSET (RWA) TOKENIZATION: GOLD AS TOKENIZED ASSET
With rapid technological advancements, the business and financial sectors are undergoing significant transformation, and blockchain has emerged as a key driver in disrupting traditional financial ecosystems while promoting greater financial inclusion, particularly in countries like Indonesia that are in the midst of transitioning toward a digital economy. One of blockchain’s core capabilities is asset tokenization, which has attracted growing interest from financial institutions seeking new investment mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis through a literature review to examine the potential and challenges of tokenization, using the tokenization of real-world assets (RWA), specifically gold, as an illustrative example. The findings reveal that current development of tokenization is promising, as it enhances liquidity, operational efficiency, and global accessibility, while blockchain, as its core technology, provides greater transparency and enables fractional ownership. However, several issues remain as the tokenization of real-world assets gains momentum, including legal uncertainty, as governments and institutions adapt to the pace of new financial innovations while seeking to protect consumers and promote innovation. The study recommends adopting market-driven regulatory frameworks and encouraging joint efforts with international institutions to compare and evaluate market practices across different jurisdictions.
BRIDGING FAITH AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL RELIGIOSITY AND HALAL CERTIFICATION IN ENHANCING MSME PERFORMANCE AND SDGS CONTRIBUTION
Purpose: A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, gathering survey data from MSMEs in food, beverage, herbal, and service sectors. Entrepreneurial religiosity, halal certification practice, MSME performance, and SDG contribution were measured using validated indicators. The hypothesized structural model was tested using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess direct, indirect, and interaction effects. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, gathering survey data from MSMEs in food, beverage, herbal, and service sectors. Entrepreneurial religiosity, halal certification practice, MSME performance, and SDG contribution were measured using validated indicators. The hypothesized structural model was tested using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess direct, indirect, and interaction effects. Findings: The model shows that business challenges exert a very strong and significant effect on perceived SDG contribution (β = 0.901, p < 0.001). Entrepreneurial religiosity significantly improves business performance (β = 0.453, p < 0.001), while halal certification also enhances performance (β = 0.192, p < 0.001). However, neither religiosity nor halal certification directly influences perceived SDG contribution, and business performance itself does not significantly predict SDG perception. The tested moderating effect is also insignificant (β = –0.017, p > 0.05). Overall, SDG perception is shaped more by external business pressures than by internal capabilities such as religiosity, halal compliance, or performance. Research limitations/implications: The cross-sectional design limits the ability to capture behavioral change over time. The sample concentration in halal-oriented sectors may also limit broader generalization. Future studies could apply longitudinal models, include non-food sectors, or integrate qualitative exploration of faith-based sustainability practices. Practical implications: The study offers actionable insights for policymakers, halal agencies, and MSME empowerment institutions to integrate religiosity-oriented training, halal readiness programs, and performance enhancement strategies in a unified intervention model. Social implications: Strengthening faith-driven entrepreneurship and halal compliance fosters ethical markets, consumer protection, and socially responsible production. It also promotes MSME inclusion in national sustainability efforts aligned with SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 3 (good health), SDG 8 (decent work and growth), and SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production). Originality/value: This research presents a novel integrative model linking entrepreneurial religiosity, halal certification, MSME performance, and SDG contribution in a single framework. It extends sustainability and Islamic entrepreneurship literature by highlighting how faith and compliance jointly reinforce sustainable enterprise growth.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN OBE-BASED UNDERGRADUATE COURSE ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CHINA
In the context of China’s growing emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship, higher education institutions are under increasing pressure to reform entrepreneurship education and better equip students for future challenges. This study investigates the effectiveness of applying the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) approach to an undergraduate entrepreneurship course, in comparison to traditional instructional methods. A quasi-experimental design was employed at a public university in Hebei Province to maintain ecological validity. The experimental group, comprising 39 students, received OBE-based instruction, while the control group, consisting of 36 students, followed a conventional teaching model. The findings demonstrate that the OBE approach produced significantly positive effects on key constructs derived from Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), with the experimental group outperforming the control group across all major indicators. These results provide empirical support for the intergration of OBE into entrepreneurship education and offer practical recommendations for enhancing pedagogical practices within Chinese higher education.
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP MODERATION ON FIXED ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
This study aims to analyze and demonstrate how HR competency, internal control systems (ICS), and asset information technology influence the effectiveness of fixed asset management. Furthermore, it explores leadership's moderating role in the relationship between these three variables and fixed asset management effectiveness at Cenderawasih University. This study adopted a quantitative approach utilizing a survey method. Through questionnaire distribution, employing a purposive sampling technique, 150 employees directly involved in the fixed asset management process were sampled. This process includes planning, procurement, use, maintenance, security, utilization, assessment, disposal, administration, coaching, control, and supervision. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results empirically demonstrate that HR competency, ICS, and asset information technology partially influence the effectiveness of fixed asset management. Leadership, on the other hand, is proven to strengthen the influence of competency and information technology utilization on the effectiveness of fixed asset management. However, the interaction between leadership and the ICS showed no significant effect.
A REVIEW OF CHINA RESEARCH ON FEMALE CHARACTERS
This study utilizes the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database as the data source and employs VOSviewer visualization software to conduct a co-occurrence analysis of keywords and an author collaboration analysis regarding research on “female characters” in China. By analyzing the annual publication volume of research on female characters in China, the co-occurrence network of keywords, the co-authorship network of authors, and the publication volume of institutions, this study identifies the development trends, research hotspots, key authors, and important research institutions in this field, aiming to provide valuable insights for future research.
REVERSE RELATIONSHIP OF ORIGIN IMAGE AND THE PERCEIVED VALUE OF TERROIR PRODUCTS
Based on cognitive consistency theory, this study investigates the reverse effect between product evaluation and origin image in the context of terroir food products. Data were collected in Switzerland from a sample of 161 swiss consumer and PLS-SEM approach using SmartPLS4 was performed to test the research model. Findings reveal that perceived value exerts a positive influence on the cognitive image of the te Based on cognitive consistency theory, this study investigates the reverse effect between product evaluation and origin image in the context of terroir food products. Data were collected in Switzerland from a sample of 161 swiss consumer and PLS-SEM approach using SmartPLS4 was performed to test the research model. Findings reveal that perceived value exerts a positive influence on the cognitive image of the terroir of origin. Results also confirm a positive effect of perceived value on satisfaction as well as a direct link between satisfaction and cognitive origin image. From a managerial perspective, the study underscores the need for marketers and regional authorities to reinforce quality cues to build strong place identities through food products. Ultimately, the results provide strategic place-branding implications by demonstrating how valuable local food can shape and elevate the reputation of places in both domestic and international markets. rroir of origin. Results also confirm a positive effect of perceived value on satisfaction as well as a direct link between satisfaction and cognitive origin image. From a managerial perspective, the study underscores the need for marketers and regional authorities to reinforce quality cues to build strong place identities through food products. Ultimately, the results provide strategic place-branding implications by demonstrating how valuable local food can shape and elevate the reputation of places in both domestic and international markets.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR ANIMAL FEED MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN HANOI
In the context of increasing requirements for environmental protection, biosecurity, and sustainable development in agriculture, the implementation of green supply chain management has become an important strategic orientation for animal feed manufacturing enterprises. However, the extent to which green supply chain practices are adopted in this sector in Vietnam remains uneven and is influenced by various factors. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting the implementation of green supply chain management among animal feed manufacturing enterprises located in Hanoi. Based on a review of previous studies and the theoretical framework of green supply chain management, the study proposes a research model comprising key groups of factors, including regulatory and environmental pressures, pressures from customers and supply chain partners, top management commitment, and firms’ internal capabilities. Research data were collected through a survey of 31 animal feed manufacturing enterprises operating in Hanoi and were analyzed using SPSS 26. The empirical results indicate that five factors have a positive impact on the implementation of green supply chain management. Based on these findings, the study proposes managerial and policy implications to promote the adoption of green supply chain management in the animal feed manufacturing industry toward sustainable development.
THE EFFECTS OF DISCOVERY LEARNING AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING ON INNOVATIVE FUSION CUISINE SKILLS IN CULINARY ARTS EDUCATION
Advancements in culinary arts education emphasize active pedagogical strategies to foster innovative fusion cuisine skills, addressing the global gastronomy sector's demand for cultural amalgamation and technological integration. This study investigates the effects of discovery learning augmented by self-regulated learning (SRL) on students' creative competencies, focusing on digital incorporation in developing regions, to bridge gaps in traditional rote-based programs. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed with 135 fifth-semester culinary arts students at Universitas Negeri Medan. The quantitative phase used a quasi-experimental setup with block randomization into experimental (discovery learning, n=69) and control (traditional instruction, n=66) groups, assessing SRL via adapted MSLQ surveys and innovative skills through portfolio rubrics. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with 10 students and 5 instructors, analyzed thematically using NVivo. Discovery learning significantly enhanced SRL indicators and innovative fusion skills (mean scores: 87,5 vs. 74,6 for high SRL), with a notable interaction effect (F(2,129)=4,35, p=0,015, partial η²=0,068). Qualitative themes highlighted increased engagement, creativity (e.g., "Rendang Sushi"), SRL practices, and challenges like resource limitations and digital equity issues. Discovery learning, amplified by SRL, outperforms traditional methods in cultivating innovative fusion cuisine skills, with recommendations for scaffolding, institutional investments, and technology integration (e.g., VR/AI). Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and multinational contexts to enhance vocational culinary training.
ARE SLOVENIAN TOURISTS LOOKING FOR NATIVENESS OR SUSTAINABILITY?
Slovenian tourism preferences reflect a broader global shift, as travelers increasingly balance the desire for comfort and familiarity with a growing interest in authentic, sustainable, and environmentally responsible experiences. This study explores the primary motivations of Slovenian tourists and the types of attractions they prefer when traveling abroad, focusing on whether their preferences lean more towards consumer-oriented or sustainable tourism. An online survey of 370 Slovenian respondents was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis identified key motivational (consumer tourism, business/education, sustainable tourism, social bonding) and attraction-related factors (nativeness, local integration, green/safe destinations, peaceful/high-quality environments). Correlations between these constructs were analyzed using Pearson’s method. Findings reveal a dual orientation among Slovenian tourists—towards both emotional comfort and sustainability. While consumer motivations remain strong, interest in authentic, culturally rich, and environmentally friendly experiences is growing. The study confirms that consumer tourists seek nativeness and partially confirms that sustainability-oriented tourists are drawn to green and safe destinations. Tourism providers should address both preferences by offering diverse experiences, promoting safety and familiarity alongside cultural immersion. Micro-segmentation and place-based marketing can help cater to these distinct segments. Overall, this research offers new insights into Slovenian travel behavior and contributes to understanding evolving European tourism trends.
COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF MARTINGALE AND LINEAR AVERAGING STRATEGIES IN LOCO LONDON GOLD ROLLING CONTRACTS (XUL10) WITHIN INDONESIA’S ALTERNATIVE TRADING SYSTEM
The high volatility of the derivative market—particularly in the Loco London Gold Rolling Contract (XUL10) traded within Indonesia’s Alternative Trading System (ATS)—necessitates the use of adaptive and measurable position-management strategies. This study evaluates two contrasting averaging-down approaches: Martingale, based on exponential lot increments, and Linear Averaging, based on linear lot increments. The objective is to compare their effectiveness, measured through liquidity and recovery speed, and their efficiency, measured through initial capital endurance. A quantitative comparative method is applied through historical backtesting of XAU/USD price data from 2024 to mid-2025 using target iterations of 30, 40, and 50 points. Performance is assessed using multidimensional indicators such as Profit Factor (PF), Return on Margin (ROM), Efficiency Ratio (ER), and capital endurance analysis through margin-call (MC) risk mapping relative to key support levels (S1 and S2). The findings show that systematic strategies produce far more consistent productivity than speculative real-market practices and reveal a clear trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. Martingale demonstrates higher effectiveness and superior liquidity speed due to its exponential leverage, achieving the highest net profit in scenarios such as the 40-point target in 2025. In contrast, Linear Averaging provides higher efficiency and stronger capital endurance, emerging as the safest and most consistent approach—particularly at the 30-point target—by keeping MC levels within the safe Support-2 zone, although with slower recovery. Overall, Martingale offers aggressive profit potential but carries significant margin-call risk that demands strict margin management, while Linear Averaging offers superior capital safety and long-term sustainability, making it the preferable model for traders with lower risk tolerance.
MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS FOR WATER PROTECTION IN KASHKADARYA PROVINCE, UZBEKISTAN
The Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan is experiencing significant water ecosystem degradation due to the discharge of 7 million m³/year of inadequately treated wastewater, resulting in elevated mineralisation, organic/microbiological pollution, and eutrophication. Climate change, typified by a 75% glacier loss within a 15-year timespan, has led to a marked intensification of water scarcity. The present study assesses membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for sustainable wastewater reuse. MBRs have been shown to remove 97–98% of organic pollutants (BOD5 < 6 mg/L), thereby preventing 1,416–2,511 t/year of organic matter and 220–365 t/year of nitrogen from entering the river. In addition, they achieve >99.9% pathogen removal, ensuring safe irrigation. Notwithstanding the fact that capital costs are 13–15% higher than those of conventional systems (645 vs. 570 million USD), resulting in a financial net present value (NPV) of –670 million USD, inclusive of 149 million USD in ecosystem benefits, the socio-economic NPV is nevertheless –520 million USD. It is posited that MBRs, with government support ranging from 35 to 40 per cent, may offer the most viable solution for regions experiencing water scarcity.
RECONSTRUCTING INDONESIA’S NOTARY LAW TO REALIZE A BALANCED RIGHTS–DUTIES FRAMEWORK AND STRENGTHEN THE NOTARY’S CORE AUTHORITY OVER AUTHENTIC DEEDS
This article presents a normative and reform-oriented argument for revising Indonesia's Notary Office Law (Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris/UUJN) to establish a "balanced-value basis" between notaries' rights and obligations, while enhancing the notary's primary authority to produce authentic deeds. Building on doctrinal analysis and the dissertation's conceptual critique, the study shows that the current framework tends to maximize legal certainty for service users but leaves notaries exposed to asymmetrical burdens (administrative, civil, ethical, and potentially criminal risks) without a commensurate guarantee of justice and utility. The article proposes a legislative reconstruction agenda consisting of targeted amendments: first, recalibrating clauses that enable the transfer/exclusion of authentic-deed authority to other officials; second, harmonizing sectoral regulations that fragment notarial authority; and third, strengthening protections, funding, and institutional design for notarial supervision. The reform is grounded in constitutional commitments and a legal-philosophical priority for justice, particularly when rigid legality results in disproportionate harm. The article contributes a structured legislative roadmap to improve legal coherence, professional accountability, and public trust in authentic instruments.
BUILDING ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND INNOVATION: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN UNCERTAIN MANUFACTURING CONTEXTS
Purpose This study investigates the impact of knowledge sharing, innovation, environmental uncertainty, and quality culture on competitive advantage and manufacturing industry performance. It also examines how competitive advantage mediates the relationship between these factors and company performance. Grounded in theories of knowledge sharing, innovation, environmental uncertainty, and quality culture, this research develops a model incorporating these variables alongside competitive advantage and company performance. The relationships were analyzed quantitatively using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) 4.0. The study focuses on large and medium-sized manufacturing companies in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 143 questionnaires were distributed, with 118 returned, achieving an 83% response rate. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that knowledge sharing, innovation, environmental uncertainty, and quality culture positively and significantly impact manufacturing industry performance. Similarly, knowledge sharing, innovation, and environmental uncertainty significantly enhance competitive advantage. However, while quality culture positively influences competitive advantage, its effect is not statistically significant. Furthermore, knowledge sharing, innovation, and environmental uncertainty indirectly improve performance through the mediating role of competitive advantage. In contrast, competitive advantage does not mediate the influence of quality culture on performance. This study is limited to Southeast Sulawesi’s manufacturing industries, suggesting a need for broader research across other regions to enhance generalizability. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of fostering knowledge sharing, innovation, and adaptability to environmental uncertainty, as well as embedding quality culture to strengthen competitive advantage and boost performance.
CREATIVE WORKERS’ SENSE OF PLACE ASSOCIATED WITH CULTURAL CREATIVE CLUSTERS：A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
This study presents a systematic literature review exploring the relationship between creative workers’ sense of place (SoP) and the development of Cultural and Creative Clusters (CCCs). While CCCs are widely recognized for their role in driving innovation and urban economic growth, limited research has examined how SoP, comprising place attachment, place identity, and place dependence, influences both the career trajectories of creative professionals and the sustainability of CCCs. SoP shapes creative workers’ professional identity, sense of belonging, and collaborative engagement, while simultaneously enhancing the cultural distinctiveness, attractiveness, and resilience of CCCs. To investigate this relationship, the study reviewed 62 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2024. The synthesis reveals that high-quality built environments, inclusive social settings, and culturally rich urban experiences significantly enhance creative workers’ engagement, satisfaction, and long-term commitment to place. Additionally, local heritage and urban identity are shown to play a pivotal role in shaping the global competitiveness of CCCs. The study proposes a three-dimensional conceptual framework linking SoP with creative industry agglomeration, offering new insights into how emotional, cultural, and functional place-based factors influence the spatial behavior of creative workers. The findings underscore the importance of integrating SoP into urban planning and cultural policy to attract and retain creative talent, strengthen place-based cultural ecosystems, and support the sustainable evolution of CCCs. This research contributes to the growing discourse on creative urbanism by bridging human-place relationships with cultural cluster development.
CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITIES OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE PRACTITIONERS UNDER THE MALAYSIAN TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE ACT 2016
Freedom embodies the fundamental human aspiration to exercise autonomy and make decisions concerning one’s own life. Apart from this context, Malaysia’s evolving regulatory framework for Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) continues to shape the duties, liabilities, and professional standards of practitioners under the T&CM Act 2016. This study examines the evolving regulatory landscape governing T&CM practice in Malaysia, with particular focus on the legal duties and liabilities arising under the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act 2016. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology. While global scholarship on the legal implications of T&CM regulation is expanding, detailed analyses specific to the Malaysian context remain limited. Addressing this gap, the research provides a systematic exploration of practitioners’ statutory obligations, the mandatory registration regime implemented on 1 March 2021, and the qualification requirements introduced to enhance professional standards. It assesses the extent to which these measures enhance patient safety and service quality, while also addressing concerns raised by scholars regarding the adequacy of the existing legal framework in addressing contemporary regulatory challenges. The study also considers Malaysia’s broader efforts to institutionalise T&CM within its national healthcare system, as well as the parallel regulatory emphasis on ensuring the safety of herbal and related products. Thus, this research contributes nuanced insights into the legal architecture of T&CM in Malaysia and offers perspectives that may inform future policy refinement and comparative regulatory developments.
FROM COMPLIANCE TO LEARNING: APPLYING WINTER’S POLICY IMPLEMENTATION MODEL TO ACCREDITATION REFORM IN INDONESIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Global accreditation reforms are shifting from compliance-driven control toward learning-oriented quality assurance. This study applies Winter’s (2003) Policy Implementation Model, integrated with Argyris & Schön’s (1978) double-loop learning, to examine how Indonesia’s LAMDIK accreditation reform functions as institutional learning. Using a qualitative case-study design, data were gathered from eight accredited teacher-education institutions through interviews, document analysis, and observation, then analyzed thematically using NVivo 14. Findings reveal that contextual asymmetry (unequal digital capacity and regulatory ambiguity) and organizational inertia constrain policy translation, while intrinsic motivation within quality-assurance units fosters reflective practice and adaptive feedback loops. The study develops a Participatory and Integrated Implementation Model linking contextual, organizational, and motivational dimensions. Theoretically, it extends Winter’s model to higher-education governance; practically, it informs accreditation bodies seeking to balance accountability and learning. This is the first empirical application of Winter’s model to accreditation reform in Southeast Asia, contributing to global debates on quality assurance and institutional learning within decentralized systems. The model provides transferable insights for developing countries seeking to build reflective, learning-oriented accreditation systems.
POSSESSORY LIENS UNDER VIETNAMESE LAW: LEGAL STRUCTURE, EFFECTIVENESS, AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES
This article examines possessory liens under Vietnamese law from a property-based perspective, with a particular focus on the legal structure and effectiveness of this institution within the secured transactions framework. In Vietnam, possessory liens operate as an implicit form of property-based security arising from possession, yet they lack clear normative recognition with respect to their publicity effects and certain proprietary attributes of secured interests. Employing doctrinal legal analysis combined with comparative legal methodology, the article evaluates Vietnamese regulations in light of selected foreign legal systems, notably China and the United States. The study clarifies the structural characteristics of possessory liens and identifies key normative gaps in the current Vietnamese legal framework. On that basis, it proposes targeted legislative recommendations aimed at strengthening the regulation of possessory liens and enhancing their practical effectiveness in commercial practice.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO FOOD THROUGH THE LENS OF FOOD JUSTICE
Being fundamental social and economic rights, the right to food also accompanies the most basic elements of human decency and the fundamental rights to live, be healthy, and develop in a sustainable manner. Article 11 of the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights makes it a statute of the States Parties to ensure the availability of food that is adequate, safe, and healthy, and to take legal and institutional measures to eliminate hunger. Oman is asserted, in the Basic Law, not to recognize this right, but this can be understood by the provisions of Article 17 of Royal Decree No. (6/2021) which is a recognition of the commitment of the State to its citizens to the assured standard of living. Increased national efforts of Oman Vision 2040 arguably observe this right by focusing on food self-sufficiency and sustainable social well-being. This paper attempts to provide the legal foundation of the right to food in Omani Law and examine its compliance to the international standards. It considers a number of laws such as the Consumer Protection Law (Royal Decree No. 66/2014), the Competition Protection and Anti-Monopoly Law (Royal Decree No. 67/2014) and the Public Health Law, the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Law, as well as the Laws on Agriculture and food Security. The research analyzes the way Omani law sustains development, intertwining food security with human rights. The conclusions drawn from the research suggest the precisely defined the right to food ought to be balanced with the goals of development through the additional focus of intergenerational food equity. The research suggests the need to incorporate contemporary devices such as AI and renewable energy to enhance the advanced food production systems.
THE EFFECT OF JOB DEMAND, QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT WITH SELF-DETERMINATION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE ON CORRECTIVE INSTITUTION EMPLOYEES IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the influence of Job Demand (JD), Quality of Work Life (QWL), and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on Work Engagement (WE), with Self-Determination (SD) as a mediating variable on Correctional Institution employees throughout Indonesia. The background of this study is the central role of work engagement in improving organizational performance, especially in high-demand work environments such as Correctional Institutions. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method involving 397 samples. The results of direct analysis show a positive and significant influence of Job Demand, Quality of Work Life, and Self-Determination on Work Engagement. In addition, Job Demand, Quality of Work Life, and Perceived Organizational Support all have a positive and significant influence on Self-Determination. Self-Determination also has a positive and significant influence on Work Engagement. In the mediation pathway, Self-Determination is proven to positively and significantly mediate the influence of Job Demand on Work Engagement. Similarly, mediating self-determination has a positive and significant effect on Quality of Work Life towards Work Engagement, as well as mediating the positive and significant effect of Perceived Organizational Support towards Work Engagement. These findings overall strengthen that self-determination is an important psychological mechanism that transforms work conditions into high work engagement. This study provides significant theoretical and practical meaning. Theoretically, this study contextualizes the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) models in a unique and challenging employee population. Practically, Correctional Institution management is recommended to invest in programs that strengthen a supportive work culture, recognition of contributions, and interpersonal development to effectively increase employee work engagement.
INNOVATION THROUGH SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION: A UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE
The manuscript describes the experience of university students enrolled in the Sustainable Development course, part of the academic programme of a higher education institution, as they develop a project to address the environmental sustainability problem of solid waste. The methodology implemented to achieve the proposed goal consisted of Project-Based Learning (PBL), through which a Technology Project (Tech. Proj.) adapted to first-year students was developed. This pedagogical approach aimed to promote innovation in the design and construction of devices that support the efficient management of solid waste. By way of illustration, a project carried out by a group of students is added. In general, the response from the young people was positive, resulting in a favourable outcome, as the students demonstrated a high degree of commitment by proposing to transform innovative ideas into practical solutions that contribute to caring for the environment and the well-being of society.
RELIGIOUS PHRASEOLOGY IN THE LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT
Religious language is all around us, embedded in advertising, politics and news media. Language and religion, being two different forms of spiritual national culture reflections, also demonstrate close relationships. The importance of the study of the interrelationship between language and religion is further observed within anthropological orientation of linguistics, since religion is taken into account as one of the most vital values of humanity reflected in language which can throw light upon national identity, self-awareness, as well as worldviews in general. Based on the material of Ukrainian religious phraseology, with the use of structural method and content analysis, the article makes an attempt to investigate the peculiarities of the functioning of religious phraseology as an important segment of the modern literary language. The present study contributed to linguistic studies aimed at gaining a general understanding of relationships between language and culture.
FACTORS INFLUENCING LEAN MANUFACTURING PRACTICES ON PRODUCTION LEAD TIME SUSTAINABILITY
For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) aiming to remain competitive with restricted resources, reducing Production Lead Time (PLT) sustainably counts the most. Tools gleaned from lean manufacturing not only cut waste but also increase efficiency. However, the ability to achieve these aims depends on the context in which they are applied and how well they fit with others. The paper examines how the five main daily work tasks or tools in the lean system, such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Just-In-Time (JIT), Setup Time Reduction (STR), Employee Involvement (EI), and Layout Redesign (LR), combine to affect PLT in Malaysian SMEs. While previous studies have clearly highlighted the advantages of each step in a large production setup, the advantages for resource-limited, smaller firms remain largely unknown. This quantitative research, guided by Lean Thinking Theory and Socio-Technical Systems Theory, uses structured questionnaires for production and operations managers. The findings aim to offer insight into how completely integrated lean practices can lead to PLT. It provides practical advice for the adoption of leaner production systems.
The purpose of this study is to introduce and analyze the folk song "Ağva Destanı" (The Epic of Ağva), which recounts heroic poetry of a true story in the Mediterranean region around the Kaş and Kemer districts of Antalya during World War I. The folk song tells the story of the naval victory of the Sericebel Corps, which sank a British and two French Allied ships attempting to blockade the coast of Antalya in the Mediterranean after the Battle of Gallipoli in 1917, using land-based artillery fire. The folk song was composed by First Gunner Sergeant Halil İbrahim Günaydın of Burdur, one of the heroes of this historical event. An example of oral history, this folk song played a significant role in folk poetry, representing the tradition of folk song-making and epic-telling. This study provides information about and analyzes the historical events surrounding the creation of the Ağva Destanı. In terms of its subject matter and theme, the folk song falls into the category of heroic and heroic songs. In terms of structure, it is a folk song with three stanzas and two-line connections. The epic folk song, as originally written, consists of six triplets and six doublets. It is sung in the 11-syllable (6+5) pattern, a common pattern in folk poetry. In terms of melody, it falls within the category of rhythmic folk songs with a well-defined melody and rhythm. Folk songs are known to play an important role in cultural transmission, and this folk song, sung at national victory day celebrations and ceremonies, as well as traditional ceremonies, can be said to support the preservation and protection of religious, national, and spiritual values. It also protests the attempted occupation of our homeland. This epic folk song, which offers a snapshot of our recent history, is considered significant because it is a historical document and, therefore, an intangible cultural heritage product.
THE OFFENCE OF GAMBLING UNDER VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL LAW: CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND CROSS-BORDER ACTIVITIES
Under Vietnamese criminal law, gambling is regulated as an offence infringing upon public order, closely associated with the objective of maintaining social stability and controlling social evils that pose a risk of widespread proliferation. Article 321 of the 2015 Criminal Code, as amended and supplemented in 2017 and 2025, constitutes the central legal provision governing criminal liability for gambling offences, while also delineating the boundary between administrative sanctions and criminal prosecution. However, the rapid development of digital technology and the increasing prevalence of gambling activities involving foreign elements have exposed significant limitations within the current legal framework. This article identifies and analyses three major shortcomings in both legislation and law enforcement practice concerning gambling offences in Vietnam, namely: (i) difficulties in determining the value of money or property used for gambling as a basis for criminal liability; (ii) legal gaps in addressing gambling activities involving foreign elements; and (iii) inconsistencies in the interpretation and application of aggravating circumstances relating to the use of the internet and electronic means to commit gambling offences. Based on a qualitative analysis of relevant legal provisions and their practical application, the article proposes several recommendations aimed at enhancing the transparency, consistency, and effectiveness of Vietnamese criminal law in addressing gambling offences in the context of digital transformation and international integration.
POLAND’S DIPLOMACY OF SOLIDARITY DURING THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT: MILITARY, EDUCATIONAL, AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Republic of Poland’s diplomatic strategy in supporting Ukraine amid the full-scale Russian aggression that began in 2022. The authors explore the multifaceted nature of Polish diplomacy including political, military, humanitarian, cultural-educational, and informational dimensions. Poland emerges not only as an ally but also as an active architect of a new security model in Central and Eastern Europe where Ukraine occupies a key position. The focus is made on specific support mechanisms such as the supply of weapons, reception of refugees, diplomatic lobbying at the EU and NATO levels, scientific and educational cooperation, and cultural diplomacy. Poland’s role as a regional leader in building coalitions in support of Ukraine is systematically examined along with the risks posed by internal political polarization and economic conflicts (such as the “grain crisis”) for the first time. The article highlights the interdependence between Polish diplomacy and Ukraine’s transformation processes, emphasizing the potential for a long-term strategic alliance. The research is based on an extensive source basis that includes analytical reports, statistical data, international documents, and scholars’ publications. The findings indicate that Polish-Ukrainian cooperation represents a model of effective regional diplomacy in the context of war and post-conflict reconstruction. Poland increasingly acts as a bridge between Ukraine and Western institutions, while investing in long-term humanitarian and institutional ties.
Gossiping At Administrative Level: A Qualitative Study In The Scope Of A Local Government
Given the limited literature on the intentional utilize of gossip by managers in local government organizations, this study explores whether gossip functions as a managerial instrument in these settings. Using an exploratory phenomenological research design, interviews were conducted with 20 managers from Kartepe Municipality (in Kocaeli, Turkey) to gather data for analysis. MAXQDA was employed to assist in the thematic analysis of interview transcripts. The analysis of the collected data reveals that managers do, in fact, utilize gossip for organizational and managerial purposes. Rather than solely attempting to suppress gossip, certain managers appear to engage with it intentionally, employing it as a strategic instrument to further their organizational or personal objectives. However, in some cases, even if administrators do not intentionally create or spread gossip, they may still benefit from it in one way or another. These results underscore the complex ole of informal communication in organizational management and suggest that gossip may be strategically employed to shape managerial decisions and relationships.
VILLAGE LEADERSHIP TRANSFORMATION THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM BOGOR, INDONESIA
This study aims to examine the model of organizational culture in village governments in Bogor Regency, Indonesia, using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The instrument was adapted into Indonesian to facilitate respondents’ comprehension and completion. Each indicator was scored using a fixed scale of 100 points. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of administrators or members of organizations directly involved in village governance who were considered representative of the wider community. The study was conducted in four villages—Bantarsari, Kemang, Jonggol, and Cariu. The findings reveal that the prevailing organizational culture in village governments tends toward Clan and Adhocracy orientations. This reflects the expectation that village leaders will transform their organizational culture toward a more familial, participatory, and innovative atmosphere while reducing the dominance of Hierarchy and Market orientations. The results imply that village leaders should foster a work environment characterized by trust, collaboration, flexibility, and internal cohesion to support effective local governance and sustainable community development.
BEYOND THE CLINIC: ARTISTIC PRACTICE AS A SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE MODEL FOR PHYSİCİANS
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine how artistic practice—particularly music, visual arts, and poetry—can serve as a sustainable lifestyle model for physicians, supporting well‑being, communication, and burnout prevention in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: Good Health and Well‑being). Theoretical Framework: The study draws on interdisciplinary literature connecting medicine, psychology, and the arts. Historical examples of physician‑artists, together with contemporary research on music and medicine, provide the conceptual basis for understanding how artistic engagement enhances empathy, perceptual skills, and emotional regulation. Method: A narrative–conceptual methodology was adopted, combining a selective review of scholarly literature with reflective insights derived from professional experience in clinical radiology and long‑term artistic training. This approach allows for an integrated interpretation of how artistic practice contributes to sustainable professional development. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that artistic activities foster non‑verbal communication, teamwork, cognitive flexibility, and stress management. Music and ensemble performance strengthen collaborative skills, while visual and narrative arts enhance observation and perspective‑taking. These competencies are particularly relevant in high‑intensity medical environments, including radiology. Research Implications: The study highlights the potential of integrating artistic practice into medical education and institutional culture, suggesting dual‑career models and interdisciplinary collaborations as strategies to promote physician well‑being and professional resilience. Originality/Value: This work contributes to the literature by framing artistic practice as a sustainable lifestyle model for physicians and by illustrating how dual engagement in medicine and the arts can enrich clinical performance, educational innovation, and civic engagement.
FIMI VS DISINFORMATION: IMPACT ON DIGITAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC ORDER IN THE EU
The article explores the concept of Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) as a new analytical framework for countering disinformation in the European Union in the context of hybrid threats. It analyzes the evolution of information security as a component of the EU’s strategic policy against the backdrop of increasing external interference, in particular, in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors argue that FIMI differs from the traditional understanding of disinformation in its scale, systematicity, and institutional reach. The paper examines three main vectors of FIMI’s impact on public order: political radicalization, mass distrust of the media and authorities, and social disintegration. It provides an analytical assessment of key narratives that erode democratic trust, destabilize governments, and contribute to political division in the EU. Particular attention is paid to the institutional responses of the European Union: from the creation of the East StratCom Task Force and the EUvsDisinfo initiative to the implementation of the Digital Services Act. The need to move from reactive counteraction to the formation of strategic communication and information resilience as a key tool for protecting the democratic system is highlighted. The article emphasizes the role of critical thinking, independent media and education as long-term safeguards against the influence of FIMI. In conclusion, it is proven that FIMI is not only a security challenge, but also a marker of civilizational vulnerability, which requires an interdisciplinary approach to research and a comprehensive response policy.
DOES PUBLIC SECTOR RESTRUCTURING ENHANCE GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS? A REGRESSION ANALYSIS FROM VIETNAM
This research examines the connection between the public sector reform component and public sector efficiency through Vietnam’s administrative reform movement (2015-2023). Drawing on the theoretical principles of New Public Management (NPM), the study explores whether the structural reform components; downsizing the civil service, merging administrative units, digitization, and expenditure on training, can lead to observable improvements in the effectiveness of public administration. To evaluate the relationship between structural reform processes and public administration effectiveness, this study employs a multiple linear regression analysis with data from the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), Vietnam's e-Government Development Index, and national reform reports. The study's results demonstrate that civil service downsizing and administrative unit merging are positively related to government effectiveness as stated by WGI. The study also shows that the process of digitization is both an independent driver of effectiveness and has the capacity to mediate a larger impact of the observed relationship between civil service downsizing and effectiveness. The expenditure on training demonstrated marginal significance in a positive direction; which demonstrates the importance of investing in human capital over the longer term. The study's analysis suggests that the implementation of multi-dimensional reform mechanisms, particularly those combining structural processes and digitization, are notable drivers of effectiveness in transitional and developing economies. Finally, Vietnam provides real-world evidence for public sector leaders seeking to modernize public administration in an era of fiscal management and political centralization.
INSTITUTIONAL PATHWAYS FOR IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ADAPTIVE IMPORT-SUBSTITUTION POLICY
In the context of a dynamically transforming geoeconomic agenda driven by multiple factors—including the growing use of external restrictions as instruments for pursuing political or geoeconomic objectives by a number of states—there is a need to design adaptive mechanisms that facilitate the implementation of sustainable development. One such mechanism is the implementation of an import-substitution policy. Structural shifts in the economy under intensifying external constraints disrupt transnational supply chains for technological and consumer goods. This, in turn, results in serious negative consequences in the social sphere, creating significant risks of disrupting the processes involved in implementing sustainable development. In this situation, developing new—and further evolving established—theoretical approaches to import-substitution policy amid systemic transformations becomes an urgent task. In particular, it is necessary to adapt perspectives and approaches to studying import dependence with regard to the regional component, as well as in the context of ongoing systemic transformations that upend traditional models and theoretical approaches. Taking these aspects into account, the aim of the study is to substantiate and develop adaptive directions for advancing the theory of the economics of forced import substitution as a doctrine for determining courses of implementing sustainable development under conditions of systemic transformation. The subject of the study is the development of adaptive measures and directions for advancing theoretical and practical approaches to shaping a policy of forced import substitution amid institutional and conjunctural transformations, as a key instrument for ensuring sustainable development. The outcome of the study is a set of substantiating arguments that underscore the need to implement sustainable development within the paradigm of developing the theory of the economics of import substitution, oriented toward seeking optimal configurations for designing import-substitution trajectories in the context of their implementation at the macro- and meso-levels.
PRISMA FRAMEWORK SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TO ENHANCE EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AND PERFORMANCE
The convergence of Human Resource (HR) technology and positive psychology has emerged as a strategic pathway to enhancing employee engagement, well-being, and organizational performance. This PRISMA-guided systematic review synthesizes findings from forty-seven peer-reviewed studies (2021–2025) across Asia, Europe, and the United States, examining how Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and other digital interventions are transforming HR practices through the lens of optimism, resilience, emotional intelligence, and efficacy. This study proposes the Technology-Enhanced Well-Being Framework (TEWF), which integrates affordance theory, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and PERMA to explain how digital HR affordances support or hinder autonomy, competence, and relatedness ultimately shaping employee motivation and performance. The review develops a thematic taxonomy of AI-enabled HR interventions and uncovers non-linear, context-dependent effects moderated by privacy, explainability, digital literacy, and regulation. Ethical considerations such as AI bias and data privacy are critically discussed. Finally, this paper provides a decision framework for HR leaders to adopt technology-driven positive psychology strategies in their organizations.
INTEGRATION OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE SKILLS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING TO PLAY IN A CHAMBER ENSEMBLE WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF WIND INSTRUMENTS
The article considers the current problem of integrating theoretical knowledge and performance skills in the process of teaching ensemble playing on wind instruments. Ensemble playing is defined as a complex type of musical activity that requires performers to have high technical mastery and thorough knowledge in the field of music theory, harmony, stylistics and analysis of musical forms. The authors analyze pedagogical approaches and methodological strategies that ensure an effective combination of theoretical and practical components in the process of musical and professional training of students of art educational institutions. Thanks to the use of general scientific and special research methods, in particular the analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, modeling of educational situations and generalization of pedagogical experience, the pedagogical conditions for the successful integration of knowledge and skills have been clarified and systematized. Specific methodological techniques have been proposed that contribute to the conscious interpretation of musical material and the formation of professional ensemble interaction of wind instruments performers.
REPOSITIONING VIETNAMESE ACADEMIC JOURNALS IN A NON-ENGLISH RESEARCH SYSTEM: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND OPEN SCIENCE PATHWAYS
Vietnam has experienced rapid growth in internationally indexed publications over the last decade, driven by performance-based funding, promotion criteria, and institutional ranking pressures. Yet domestic academic journals—most of which publish primarily in Vietnamese—have not benefited proportionally from this growth. They struggle to attract high-quality submissions, suffer from weak digital infrastructure, and remain marginal in research evaluation. This paper develops a system-level analysis of Vietnamese academic journals as part of an ecological chain shaped by national evaluation regimes, researchers’ publishing strategies, journal-level capacity, and emerging open science practices. Drawing on policy documents, prior bibliometric studies on Vietnamese education and social sciences, and comparative evidence from China’s Double First-Class initiative and international debates on responsible metrics and open science, the paper: (i) maps the Vietnamese journal ecological chain; (ii) diagnoses structural bottlenecks that weaken domestic journals; and (iii) outlines an open science–oriented reform pathway compatible with Vietnam’s institutional context. The proposed framework integrates insights from policy studies, scientometrics, and journal governance, and is intended to guide both empirical research and practical reform scenarios for repositioning Vietnamese journals in a non-English research system.
AWARENESS OF IDENTITY FUNCTION OF LANGUAGE - A KEY ELEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRITICAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN THE FIRST LANGUAGE TEACHING
Identity junction of language does not relate only to the symbolic dimension of literary language, seen as the essential representative of national awareness. According to modern sociolinguistics, the notion of the identity junction refers also to different language variants or discourses spoken by (sub)cultural groups to which an individual belongs. While in the post­ modern era an individual is expected to switch between different identities, the article discusses why a plurality of individual discourses, and the complexity of his identity should be considered in the first language teaching. The paper argues that linguistic cultural awareness is a key component of critical communicative competence and that the awareness about communicative and identity function of language should be developed closely related to each other. However, regardless of the findings that various discourses carry an identity value in communication, literary language still plays a special role in first-language teaching. This raises the question of how the teacher could help pupils to gain the sensitivity for situations requiring the use of literary language and how to become competent speakers of this discourse. It seems that both problems could also be reduced with the findings on the identity junction of different language discourses and genres or on the complexity of the identity of each individual.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM CAPABILITY AS A MEDIATING MECHANISM IN WOMEN'S ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS
This study investigates the determinants of women’s entrepreneurial success by integrating entrepreneurial leadership, innovation and entrepreneurship environment, funding decisions, culture, and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Capability (EEC). Positioned within the digital transformation of MSMEs, the study reframes these constructs as information-dependent capabilities shaped by information access, digital literacy, and ecosystem-level knowledge flows. A total of 400 women entrepreneurs from the Jakarta Entrepreneur community participated in a structured survey, and the data were analyzed using covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) through AMOS 29. The results indicate that funding decisions and EEC significantly enhance women’s entrepreneurial success, with EEC serving as the most influential predictor. Leadership and innovation environment, however, show no direct effect unless supported by strong information systems. Culture negatively moderates the relationship between innovation environment and EEC, suggesting that socio-cultural values can restrict women’s ability to utilize ecosystem resources. Overall, the findings highlight that entrepreneurial success is increasingly shaped by information-mediated mechanisms rather than individual characteristics alone. This study contributes to information systems and entrepreneurship research by conceptualizing EEC as a knowledge-based capability that connects individual competencies with digital ecosystem resources. The implications call for strengthening digital infrastructures, community information services, and inclusive policies to support women-led MSMEs in developing economies.
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF ETHNOCULTURAL IDENTITY IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF BORIS GRINCHENKO’ WORKS)
Children’s books can provide opportunity for children to perceive themselves and others in many locations and storylines, but cultural subtleties and uniqueness within these stories can play an essential part in the messages that children absorb. In the article, conceptual and practical provisions of children literature’ role in shaping ethnocultural identity are analyzed. The paper proposes a model for considering B. Grinchenko’s work as a national-centric discourse through the prism of conceptual notions: interpretation of the core idea of ethnocultural rooting for the writer’s artistic thinking, understanding of populism as a worldview and aesthetic system, outlining the concept of national revival, identifying the nation-building function of children’s literature. The results of the study have a certain methodological significance for further understanding of the role of children’s literature in the formation of ethnocultural identity.
EVALUATION OF ESG PRACTICES IN RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS COMPANIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of the article was to examine how ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria are applied to oil companies and highlight the need for industry-specific evaluation methods that better reflect their contribution to sustainable development. Authors used methods as comparative analysis of existing ESG rating methodologies, focusing on their limitations in assessing the oil industry. The study identifies key factors such as climate impact, resource use, and social responsibility that require greater integration into evaluation frameworks. Although ESG ratings are central to assessing investment attractiveness, current models often overlook the specific environmental and operational features of oil companies. This research addresses that methodological gap. Existing ESG systems can distort the sustainability profile of oil companies. Developing more tailored and transparent methods would improve rating accuracy and strengthen trust among investors and society. The paper outlines a conceptual basis for adapting ESG assessment models to industry characteristics, promoting fairer and more reliable sustainability evaluations.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RIGHTS OF WOMEN WORKERS: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN MENSTRUAL LEAVE IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
The implementation of menstrual leave for female workers represents a significant component of the protection of reproductive rights, as outlined in Indonesia’s Labour and Health Laws. Law No. 13 of 2003 provides female workers with the entitlement to refrain from work on the first and second days of their menstrual period, ensuring that they continue to receive their wages during this time. Nonetheless, implementing this is frequently obstructed by insufficient understanding among companies and prevailing negative perceptions of women who assert this right. Conversely, Law Number 17 of 2023 regarding Health establishes a legal framework to safeguard women’s reproductive health, including the provision of quality health services. For the effective implementation of menstrual leave rights, it is essential to foster collaboration among the government, employers, and relevant agencies. This can be achieved through socialisation and education that promote equality and welfare for female workers in Indonesia.
CHILDREN BORN AFTER ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: EVIDENCE FROM SPEECH-LANGUAGE THERAPY PRACTICE
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been increasingly used worldwide over the past decades, raising sustained interest in their potential implications for child development beyond perinatal outcomes. While medical risks associated with ART have been extensively examined, evidence regarding early functional development in real-world clinical contexts remains limited. The present study explores developmental characteristics and referral patterns among children conceived through ART in comparison with naturally conceived peers, using data derived from outpatient speech-language therapy practice. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on 1,661 anonymized anamnestic records collected over a six-year period through a standardized web-based questionnaire completed by caregivers prior to developmental consultation. Children were grouped according to conception method (ART versus natural conception), and descriptive statistical methods were applied to examine demographic characteristics, referral age, developmental milestones, and parent-reported clinical information. Children conceived via ART accounted for 23.2% of the sample. In both groups, referrals were most frequent between 2 and 5 years of age and showed a consistent male predominance. ART-conceived children were referred at a slightly younger age; however, no clinically meaningful differences were identified between groups in early motor, communicative, or regulatory developmental milestones. A higher proportion of positive family history of hereditary conditions was observed in the ART group. These findings indicate that ART, as a method of conception, is not independently associated with adverse early developmental outcomes and support the use of inclusive, function-oriented developmental monitoring frameworks relevant to clinical practice and public health policy.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN MUSICAL ART: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN VOCAL AND CHORAL ART AND INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMANCE
The article represents an attempt to comprehend the paradigm shift observed in musical art, musical education, and social applications of music technologies. Based on interpretivist research philosophy and applying the elements of scoping review and case study, a range of trends in digitalization of music creation and teaching music was identified and analyzed, and appropriate emerging phenomena. Digital technologies such as VR, AR, and AI are presented as a facilitator of the development and establishment of significant creative innovations within the whole ecosystem of contemporary musical arts. Due to this field being a relatively unexplored area of research, there was a need to ‘map the territory’, which allows us, as authors, to discover new phenomena and identify emerging patterns. In particular, opportunities for collaborative instrumental performance and virtual chores are considered, justified by appropriate studies reporting significant positive results.
CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE RUSSIAN WOODEN ARCHITECTURE IN 19TH-CENTURY ALASKA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MODERN HERITAGE PRACTICES
This study examines the structural, planning, and cultural features of Russian wooden architecture preserved in nineteenth-century Novo-Arkhangelsk, now the city of Sitka. The research integrates archival materials, church records, and field meas-urements to clarify the architectural and engineering characteristics of major surviving buildings and to situate them within cur-rent discussions on heritage preservation and sustainable development. The findings show that these structures were created through a hybrid Russian-Finnish construction system that combined traditional log-building techniques with European meas-urement practices. The buildings display advanced engineering solutions for their time, including multi-layered thermal insula-tion, complex roof truss systems, and reinforced foundations adapted to Alaskan climatic conditions. Beyond their technical qualities, the buildings served as instruments of cultural presence and community formation and continue to function as markers of long-term cultural sustainability. Their preservation as national historic landmarks demonstrates how historic architecture contributes to sustainable development by supporting identity continuity, responsible land use, and climate-appropriate construc-tion principles. The architectural heritage of Russian America presents a distinctive example of how traditional building methods can support both cultural and environmental sustainability in northern regions.
UNIVERSIDADE DA MATURIDADE E O PRÊMIO DIREITOS HUMANOS: A CONVERGÊNCIA COM OS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL 3 E 4
A reflexão apresentada nasce do diálogo com as práticas educativas em ciências e saúde desenvolvidas e vividas na Universidade da Maturidade, programa de extensão da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, à luz dos direitos humanos, do envelhecimento e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável relacionados à saúde e à educação. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e analítico-reflexivo, fundamentado em abordagem fenomenológica, que busca compreender os significados atribuídos às experiências vividas em contextos educativos ao longo da vida. O exercício de compreensão mobiliza pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com análise de documentos institucionais, produções acadêmicas, registros de atividades extensionistas e materiais oficiais vinculados ao reconhecimento nacional da Universidade da Maturidade com o Prêmio Direitos Humanos, categoria Garantia dos Direitos da Pessoa Idosa. Os resultados evidenciam práticas que promovem autonomia, protagonismo, participação social e melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas, ao mesmo tempo em que qualificam a formação acadêmica de estudantes envolvidos nas ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Observa-se a consolidação de uma concepção ampliada de ensino e saúde, integrada às dimensões sociais, culturais e relacionais do cuidado, bem como a materialização de uma educação inclusiva e equitativa, comprometida com a dignidade humana. Conclui-se que a universidade pública amazônica contribui para a efetivação do desenvolvimento sustentável ao longo do envelhecer, em consonância com o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3 e 4, ao promover saúde e bem-estar em todas as idades, e ao assegurar educação de qualidade ao longo da vida.
IMPACT OF ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY (ERAS) PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION ON LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY AND POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN GENERAL SURGERY: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are multidisciplinary, evidence-based perioperative pathways designed to reduce surgical stress, enhance functional recovery, and improve postoperative outcomes. While ERAS implementation has frequently been associated with reduced length of hospital stay (LOS), its effect may vary across healthcare settings with already optimized perioperative and discharge practices. Objective: To evaluate the association between ERAS protocol implementation and length of hospital stay among general surgery patients, and to assess its impact on postoperative complications and early recovery indicators. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using electronic medical records from January 2022 to December 2023. A total of 938 patients who underwent general surgery procedures were included and categorized into ERAS and non-ERAS groups. Demographic characteristics, surgical and anesthetic factors, postoperative recovery indicators, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Length of hospital stay was assessed using predefined duration categories. Comparative analyses were performed using chi-square tests and either t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: ERAS protocols were implemented in 91.3% of patients. No statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay was observed between ERAS and non-ERAS groups (89.6% vs. 90.2% with LOS < 1 week, p = .674). In contrast, ERAS implementation was associated with a significantly lower overall rate of postoperative complications (4.8% vs. 20.7%, p < .001), particularly gastrointestinal (1.5% vs. 12.2%, p < .001) and respiratory complications (0.5% vs. 3.7%, p < .001). Patients managed with ERAS protocols demonstrated improved early recovery indicators, including earlier tolerance of oral intake and reduced postoperative nausea. ICU admission rates were low in both groups, and hospital readmission rates showed a statistically significant but clinically small absolute difference. Conclusion: ERAS protocol implementation in general surgery is associated with substantial reductions in postoperative complications and improvements in early recovery outcomes. Although no reduction in length of hospital stay was observed—likely reflecting already optimized institutional discharge pathways—these findings support the continued integration of ERAS principles to enhance perioperative care quality.
THE “THIRD WAVE” OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN REHABILITATION PROGRAMS IN CRISIS AND ARMED CONFLICT
During large scale emergencies such as natural disasters and armed conflicts, mental health needs can increase significantly. The study aims to outline current evidence and peculiarities of third-wave CBTs application in rehabilitation within crisis and armed conflict environments. The study is of qualitative nature. Integrative review method is used as a research tool. Sample of literature sources for analysis contains 54 entries. Third-wave CBT in rehabilitation implemented in the conditions of war or severe crisis, on sample of both military and veterans and civilians, is characterized with evident efficiency (in particular, in comparison with non-CBT interventions) and emphasizes the relationship with thoughts and emotions over changing their content, using approaches like mindfulness, acceptance, and values clarification. By encouraging people to stick to their personal beliefs in the face of PTSD and other symptoms associated with war and crises, third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) enhances participation in life-affirming activities. Though third wave CBT can offer a framework for supporting the psychosocial recovery and rehabilitation of populations affected by conflict, more thorough empirical studies with follow-up are required, especially on more diverse samples, as the samples offered in existing studies are typically limited.
LEGAL REGULATION OF EXEMPTION FROM PUNISHMENT DUE TO ILLNESS: DOCTRINAL GAPS AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES
The article explores issues arising in the case of early release from serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment due to illness. The authors consider the grounds for such exemption and raise the issues of the lack of legal criteria to be considered by the court when deciding on the exemption from punishment due to illness and preventing and combating recidivism among these persons. The authors conclude that the reasons behind recidivism among prisoners released on medical grounds include the lack of control and insufficient consolidation of norms regulating legal relations arising with this category of persons after their release in criminal, penal, and criminal procedural legislation.
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND DIGITAL MARKETING: TRANSFORMING CONSUMER-BRAND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIGITAL NATIVES
Social media has revolutionized consumer behavior, particularly among digital natives, who are deeply integrated into digital ecosystems. This study explores the evolution of social media from its origins in Usenet to modern platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, emphasizing its role in shaping consumer interactions and purchase intentions. User-generated content (UGC) and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) have emerged as critical tools for self-expression, community-building, and influencing consumer decisions. For digital natives, trust, authenticity, and seamless online experiences are pivotal in guiding purchasing behavior. The research highlights the growing influence of social media marketing, particularly in regions like Pakistan, where digital platforms drive dining and e-commerce decisions. It also examines the interplay between B2C and B2B social media strategies, emphasizing the importance of transparency and ethical marketing in fostering trust and loyalty. As businesses navigate the digital landscape, leveraging relationship marketing and adapting to the preferences of tech-savvy consumers are essential for brand visibility and long-term engagement.
HOSPITAL GOVERNANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPTUALIZATION AND EVOLUTION IN THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
This study reviewed research published between 2020 and 2025 in the Scopus and Scielo databases, with the aim of analyzing the conceptualization and evolution of hospital governance in the scientific literature. Twelve relevant articles were selected and examined, considering criteria of relevance, methodological rigor, and timeliness. Hospital governance is presented as a constantly evolving concept, linked to the quality of care, transparency in management, accountability, and the participation of institutional stakeholders. The literature shows that, although common theoretical frameworks exist, the practical application of governance varies significantly depending on the political, social, and economic context of each health system. Furthermore, gaps in scientific production were identified in low- and middle-income regions, which limits the comparison of models. Factors influencing the evolution of the concept include the digitalization of processes, health policy reforms, and the incorporation of participatory governance models. It is concluded that strengthening hospital governance requires greater conceptual standardization, comparative research, and strategies that integrate clinical and administrative management to ensure more efficient, transparent, and sustainable hospital systems.
MURAL AS A POLYLOGUE IN PUBLIC SPACE: THE COMMUNICATIVE POTENTIAL OF UKRAINIAN CONTEMPORARY MONUMENTAL ART
The article attempts to systematically analyze the communicative potential of Ukrainian muralism. Mural is considered as a form of monumental painting that exists in public space on the border of fine art, social expression, and urban intervention. Researchers trace the origins of muralism back to cave art, but only in the 20th century did murals become a socio-cultural phenomenon that expresses social, political, cultural, environmental, and other ideas. Ukrainian mural art is an integral part of world muralism, and today Ukraine, and in particular Kyiv, is one of its centers. Muralism in recent years, and especially during the Russo-Ukrainian war, has become an important tool of cultural policy, cultural exchange, and public communication. An analysis of the communicative aspects of muralism, conducted in the article, allows highlighting its social functions and mechanisms of influence on large human communities, and investigating why this type of monumental art represents a significant node of social interaction.
THE NATURE OF THE APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL ACTS OF FRAUD AND/OR EMBEZZLEMENT WITH A RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCIAL POLICE
This research explores the concept and implementation of Restorative Justice as an alternative approach to criminal law enforcement in Indonesia, particularly in cases of fraud and embezzlement as regulated under Articles 378 and 372 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). The study highlights the philosophical shift from a retributive justice system, which focuses on punishment, toward a restorative model that prioritizes repairing harm, restoring relationships, and achieving substantive justice. Restorative Justice emphasizes dialogue and reconciliation between the offender, the victim, and the community as an effort to restore social balance rather than impose retribution. Through a normative juridical approach, this study examines various legal instruments such as National Police Regulation No. 8 of 2021, Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020, and Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016, which serve as the legal foundation for the application of Restorative Justice in Indonesia. The findings show that the implementation of Restorative Justice has provided positive impacts, including faster case resolution, reduced judicial caseloads, lower legal costs, and improved victim recovery. Furthermore, the cultural values of South Sulawesi, such as sipakatau, sipakainge, and sipakalebbi, align closely with the principles of Restorative Justice, reinforcing community-based dispute resolution. However, challenges remain in the form of limited public understanding, inconsistent application among law enforcement institutions, and weak supervision mechanisms. Therefore, strengthening the professionalism and legal awareness of law enforcement officers, particularly the police, is crucial to ensuring that the implementation of Restorative Justice upholds fairness, humanity, and the ideals of the Pancasila-based rule of law.
INSTITUTIONAL MODELS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION GOVERNANCE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE PRACTICES
Objective: The study aims to identify key principles and tools decreasing corruption and promoting greater transparency and accountability of public institutions. The authors analyze the examples of Scandinavian, Asian, and other countries. Singapore and Botswana, which have earned international recognition for their effective implementation of anti-corruption policies, are studied in detail. Methods: The authors utilize a wide range of methodological techniques. This research is inconceivable without comparative legal and legal history analysis, which uncovers general trends and specific features in anti-corruption strategies. Results: Based on an analysis of the legislation, institutional reforms, and social initiatives introduced in the examined countries, the authors offer recommendations on adapting successful practices in countries with high levels of corruption. Particular attention is paid to the role of specialized anti-corruption bodies, such as the Independent Commission Against Corruption in Hong Kong, the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau in Singapore, and the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime in Botswana. The key factors behind the success of these institutions are their independence, broad mandate, and active engagement with civil society and the media. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to implementing anti-corruption policy, including legislative and cultural changes. The findings demonstrate the need for international cooperation and exchange of best practices in anti-corruption policies and their practical implementation. In the age of digitalization, modern technologies are becoming increasingly important and will soon become an instrumental part of the fight against corruption.
THE IMPACT OF SUFIS ON ACTIVATING THE JIHAD MOVEMENT AGAINST THE CRUSADERS DURING THE ERA OF SALADIN
The concept of Sufism has been the subject of varying opinions, with diverse perspectives on its origins and historical development. Despite the criticisms leveled against Sufism by some scholars, its significant role in confronting external threats and calling Muslims to jihad cannot be denied. This study highlights the importance of Salah al-Din's engagement with Sufis and their role in encouraging people to resist the Crusaders. It also sheds light on Salah al-Din's notable efforts to support Sufis by establishing institutions for their benefit. The research begins by defining Sufism, exploring its early spread within Islamic civilization, examining the origins of the concept, and analyzing the reasons behind the Sufis’ inclination towards seclusion. It further investigates their preference for residing in ribats (fortified structures on the frontiers established to protect Muslim borders) and the ways rulers, particularly during the Ayyubid era, utilized their influence. Additionally, the study examines prominent Sufi figures during Salah al-Din's time and discusses key Sufi institutions of the period, such as the Salahiyya Khanqah and the Khanqah of Sa'id al-Sa'da. The research concludes by presenting key findings, including Salah al-Din's strategic use of Sufis to confront the Crusader threat and their critical contribution to the spiritual preparation of Muslims, culminating in the liberation of Jerusalem.
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS WITH DEFERRED EFFECT IN JUDICIAL REVIEW OF STATUTES AGAINST THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Normatively, the Constitutional Court Law and the Law on the Establishment of Legislation only recognize non-self-executing decisions, as they require further action by the legislature or the President. However, in practice, the Constitutional Court frequently issues self-executing decisions, including those that reinterpret or redefine legal provisions. This raises constitutional challenges, particularly due to the lack of a clear legal basis and the potential conflict with the Court’s original philosophical and historical role as a judicial body. This study aims to examine: (1) the rationale behind the Court’s issuance of non-self-executing decisions; (2) the legal certainty regarding their implementation; and (3) the future framework for managing such decisions. Findings indicate that non-self-executing decisions are issued when norms fall under the domain of open legal policy, thereby deferring action to the legislature or the President. Legal certainty can be strengthened by introducing delayed enforceability and time limits for follow-up action. The study recommends revising relevant laws to provide a legal foundation for decisions involving new norms, conditional constitutionality, and deferred implementation while maintaining the principle that such decisions require legislative or executive follow-up within a specified timeframe.
PREDICTORS OF CLIMATE ANXIETY: AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Climate anxiety is an emerging psychological phenomenon reflecting the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses of individuals to the climate crisis. It is characterized by a persistent fear of environmental catastrophe amid an increasingly uncertain global environment. Adopting an integrative review approach, this review proposes a theory-oriented integrative framework synthesizing key predictors of climate anxiety, drawing on insights from psychology, sociology, media studies, and environmental sciences. Major predictors include demographic factors (age, gender, education), psychological factors (generalized anxiety disorder, risk perception, environmental identity), social factors (knowledge about climate change, media exposure), and experiences with extreme natural disasters. By conceptually integrating empirical findings across disciplines, organizing these predictors into a coherent framework enhances understanding of the multifactorial and interacting mechanisms that shape climate-related distress. Rather than aiming for exhaustive study inclusion or quantitative aggregation, this integrative perspective informs the design of educational programs, public health initiatives, and policies that acknowledge climate-related distress while promoting adaptive coping and constructive engagement. Overall, the review clarifies the conceptual pathways underlying climate anxiety and provides a foundation for future theory-driven and empirical research, contributing to both theoretical development and applied practice in addressing the psychological impacts of climate change.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CRYPTOCURRENCY TREASURY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
This study aims to develop an innovative solution, supported by next-generation technologies, to facilitate operational integration of crypto assets in banking sector. To this end, a system has been developed that provides real-time risk management and portfolio optimization by combining big data analysis, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and deep learning. The system focuses on price prediction, sentiment analysis, risk measurement, and dynamic portfolio management. In addition, social media and news feeds have been digitized to create an extra layer that provides direct input to Artificial Intelligence (AI) engine. Furthermore, a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent has been designed to maximize risk-adjusted return instead of absolute return, to adapt to stochastic nature of market. Deterministic risk models have been integrated with proactive safety mechanisms. This allows for focusing on financial risk, operational risk, and safety dimensions. A hybrid method combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformer models has been proposed to simultaneously capture linear and nonlinear market dynamics. Auto Regresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and LSTM-based prediction models have also been developed to analyze prediction success of proposed method in this study. Examination of results revealed that proposed hybrid model exhibited high performance.
STUDY OF THE ANALYSIS OF DRUG LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ON STAGNANT AND STOCKOUT INCIDENTS IN THE PHARMACY UNIT OF NORTH BUTON REGIONAL HOSPITAL, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Timely and continuous drug availability is a key indicator of hospital service quality; however, drug stagnation (overstocking) and stockouts persist as critical challenges in the Pharmacy Unit of North Buton Regional Hospital. This qualitative case study aimed to analyze the implementation of drug logistics management and its contribution to these problems, involving in-depth interviews with drug logistics managers, the head of the pharmacy unit, and hospital management, complemented by document review and field observations. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo and benchmarked against the indicators stipulated in the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 72 of 2016. The findings reveal that most stages of logistics management planning, procurement, receiving, storage, distribution, and control were suboptimally implemented. Drug stagnation was primarily driven by inaccurate demand forecasting and uneven distribution, whereas stockouts resulted from supply delays, weak procurement coordination, and the limited effectiveness of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Overall, deficiencies in the logistics information system, constrained human and financial resources, and poor inter-unit integration emerged as the main underlying factors, indicating the urgent need for strengthening data-driven demand planning, optimizing the role of the Drug Logistics Unit (KFT), and developing an integrated logistics information system to improve drug availability and service performance at the hospital.
ANALYZING LAND COVER CHANGE AND IT’S DRIVERS BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE DATASETS: A CASE STUDY IN THE NORTHERN VIETNAMESE MOUNTAINS
Land Use/Land Cover Change (LUCC) results from processes operating across multiple spatial scales and organizational levels. These changes are driven not only by exogenous factors, such as land-use policies, economic modernization, and globalization, but also by endogenous household-level livelihood decisions. This study compares land cover data from multiple sources to reconstruct historical land cover dynamics from the 1950s to the present across different spatial scales in the northern Vietnamese mountains. Analyses were conducted at the provincial level in Lao Cai Province and at district and village levels in Sa Pa district, using high- to very high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Results indicate a net loss of forest cover during the long-term period (1952–2012). In contrast, short-term analyses (2000–2014) reveal increasing forest cover at village, district, and provincial levels, with the largest gains observed at the provincial scale (8,630 ha yr⁻¹). Changes in Sa Pa district and selected communes were considerably smaller. Overall trends are consistent with national patterns. Multi-scale analysis identifies land-use policies, agricultural intensification, livelihood diversification, accessibility, and poverty as key drivers of land cover change in the northern Vietnamese mountains.
MACHINE LEARNING MODELS (MLP, RANDOM FOREST, LIGHTGBM) FOR DAILY ET₀ ESTIMATION WITH LIMITED DATA IN HUMID MEDITERRANEAN REGION (JIJEL) ALGERIA
Accurate estimation of the reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) is essential for effective irrigation planning and sustainable water resource management, particularly in climatically heterogeneous regions. This study evaluated the performance of three machine learning models— multilayer perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM)—for predicting daily FAO-56 Penman–Monteith ET₀ in the humid Mediterranean region of Jijel, northeastern Algeria. Daily meteorological data from ten stations for the period 2000–2024 were used, incorporating six input variables: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. The model performance was assessed using multiple statistical metrics across the training, validation, and independent testing datasets. All models achieved high predictive accuracy, with R² values exceeding 0.97. RF exhibited the highest training performance (R² = 0.997, RMSE ≈ 0.09 mm day⁻¹) but showed signs of mild overfitting on test data. In contrast, MLP demonstrated the best generalization capability (test R² = 0.983, RMSE = 0.21 mm day⁻¹, NSE = 0.983), closely followed by LightGBM (test R² ≈ 0.980). Trend analysis revealed no significant long-term change in annual ET₀ (p = 0.907). The results confirm the robustness of machine learning approaches, particularly MLP and LightGBM, for reliable ET₀ estimation in humid Mediterranean environments.
CLIMATE CHANGE FROM PREHISTORIC TIME TO THE PRESENT
Basic aim is to draw attention to most of the known influences that have as effect global warming. Why? The physical phenomenon called global warming has become a political issue that uses or rather abuses for example, the issue of increased production of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases for economic pressures. For each of the thematic areas described further in the text, there are many publications printed and placed on www sites. To tell the htrouth each part would require the co-authorship of an expert, a narow specialist, and a more intensive analysis. Given the number of influences, this is not practically possible, and only basic key quotes are given. However, author hopes that the basic main an ONE goal stated here –i.e to show the quantity of influences and parallel influence of this factors on global warming – will be fulfilled. The large number of effects that have a real or probable significant influence on global warming and and vice versa the fact, how few of these effects are actually evaluated in scientific texts is surprising. It seeems also, that in case of climate change, cause and effect are often confused by authors. Quote:Greenhouse warming theory is probably rapidly becoming the most expensive mistake ever made in the history of science, economically, politically, and environmentally.
ENHANCING TOURISM REVENUE AND FOREIGN INVESTOR CONFIDENCE IN MONGOLIA: STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS
This paper aims to elucidate comprehensive strategies for Mongolia to amplify its tourism revenue and the research emphasizes understanding traveller perceptions through destination image analysis, including both cognitive and emotional aspects, to better meet international expectations, enhance satisfaction, and encourage repeat visits. Mongolia’s cultural treasures, including five UNESCO World Heritage Sites, its historical landmarks, and the appeal of its landscapes and nomadic culture, present significant development potential. However, unlocking this potential requires continued reforms and infrastructural investments to improve accessibility and service quality within the tourism industry. The resilience of domestic tourism, despite global setbacks, offers opportunities for broader recovery and growth. By utilizing targeted policies based on comprehensive data and strategic branding, Mongolia can position itself as a premier global tourism destination and create an attractive environment for foreign investment. These strategies aim to foster sustainable economic growth, promote cultural preservation, and strengthen Mongolia’s international tourism profile. Ultimately, this holistic approach will support the nation’s economic stability, diversification, and long-term development. By capitalizing on its unique assets and addressing current challenges, and the findings suggest Mongolia can unlock its full potential as a premier global tourism destination, concurrently fostering a robust and attractive environment for foreign investment. This comprehensive approach will not only enhance the visitor experience but also contribute to sustainable economic growth and cultural preservation, solidifying Mongolia's position on the international stage.
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE EXPERIENCE AND PERCEIVED VALUE ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AT PELAMONIA HOSPITAL, MAKASSAR
Patient satisfaction is a critical indicator of hospital service quality and is shaped by patients’ service experience and perceived value; however, satisfaction surveys conducted at Pelamonia Hospital, Makassar, in 2022–2023 reported levels of 87.24% and 89.87%, respectively, which remain below the Indonesian Ministry of Health benchmark of 90%, underscoring the need for empirical investigation. This study aimed to examine the influence of service experience and perceived value on patient satisfaction in the inpatient unit of Pelamonia Hospital. A quantitative cross-sectional observational design was employed, involving 237 respondents selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression techniques in SPSS. The results revealed that service experience, particularly the mechanic clues dimension, significantly influenced patient satisfaction (p < .001), while perceived value, especially the emotional value dimension, also showed a significant positive effect on satisfaction (p < .001). In conclusion, both service experience and perceived value are key determinants of patient satisfaction in the inpatient setting, with the mechanic clues dimension emerging as the most influential predictor (β = 3.166, p < .001; OR = 23.711), highlighting the pivotal role of the hospital’s physical and environmental attributes in shaping patients’ satisfaction at Pelamonia Hospital.
CULTURAL TOURİSM THROUGH PEER-TO-PEER GASTRONOMIC EXPERIENCES: A CASE STUDY FROM EATWITH TÜRKIYE
There is a transformation in tourism where experiences come to the fore and gastronomic cultural experiences become important. In this transformation, it has become important to identify gastronomic experiences. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to examine the gastronomic experiences of tourists through sharing platforms and to identify the prominent values in these experiences. The sample of the study consists of the EatWith sharing platform. 125 online reviews of 75 different gastronomic experiences were analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 program with content analysis technique. As a result of the study, it was found that tourists gave only positive evaluations of their gastronomic experiences and that the participants had good and memorable positive experiences from the experiences offered on the sharing economy platform EatWith. The top 5 themes most frequently mentioned in online reviews were “first EatWith experience” (n=125), “great food” (n=112), “amazing” (n=91), “hospitality” (n=90), “memorable” (n=67), respectively.
ASSESSING FLOOD RISK THROUGH INTEGRATED HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY MAPPING: THE UPPER TUNISIA MEDJERDA VALLEY CASE STUDY
This paper summarizes the hydrological modeling research results of the national CPR flood project developed by the National Center for Cartography and Remote Sensing to create a warning system for predicting and combating future floods. The watershed studied is located in northwest Tunisia, characterized by an elongated shape and bordered on one side by high reliefs that favor the convergence of flowing streams towards the Medjerdawadi. In terms of pedology, the soil texture is mainly characterized by a dominance of complex soil units and poorly evolved alluvial deposits. Following the flooding phenomenon that affected several towns around the Medjerda during the last century, our study aimed to map and delineate risk areas using hydraulic modeling methods. Flood risk analysis is performed using the HEC-RAS 2D hydraulic model and geographic information systems (GIS), based on several rainfall events. The exceptional floods that occurred in 2003, 2012, and 2015 brought a very large volume of water upstream of the Sidi Salem dam. Inflows from the intermediate basins on both banks, as well as the volumes released from the Mellègue and Bouhertma dams, caused spectacular flooding along the region between Ghardimaou and the Sidi Salem dam. We focused on very high-risk areas located in sectors with medium or low slopes, with varying degrees of cover. The "floodability" method is used to quantify vulnerability. Finally, risk mapping is obtained by cross-referencing the flood hazard map and the vulnerability map of the exposed issues. The aim was to determine the extent of the flooding and identify flood-prone areas. The mapping results enabled the identification of areas affected by flooding during the February 2015 flood. The flooded areas are located mainly in the town of Jendouba.
MODERATING EFFECT OF GREEN CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN SALE GROWTH AND GREEN BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: CASE OF RETAIL SECTOR AT HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
This paper is a study about the effect of the green 7Ps in the marketing mix on green sale growth and then green business performance, with the green customer behavior item as a moderation variable between green promotion and green sale growth. This research aims to show the important role of the green marketing mix in the companies when customers request a green and friendly environment and green customer behavior influences the effect on firm revenue through green advertisement of the organization. Data was used for this research by surveying 260 managers of home stores in the retail industry in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, then selecting 252 samples as valid data. We used SmartPLS 3 software to analyze the data. The result show that all of factors in marketing mix are impact direction and positive significant to green sale growth item and achieve favorable green business performance, except green customer behavior variable is negative impact to green sale growth factor. Through this research, the author wants to verify and fill the previous research gap about green 7Ps in the car retail industry and specify the relationship between the green marketing mix and green sale growth (Eneizan et al., 2016) and green business performance. Simultaneously, this paper adds the role of the moderating variable (green customer behavior item) between the green promotion variable and the green sale growth factor; then, it’s proved that recycling products and green customer behavior have a negative impact on the green revenue of the firm. Clearly, if green consumers get green promotion information, their attitude and awareness will grow high, and they will want to protect their environment by reusing goods so that sell-out product quality will decrease. This study contributed to the knowledge about green business performance in the reuse products field and helped investors be careful as they chose goods for suitable company development.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TURKIYE ON MAY 14, 2023 MALATYA
There have been 22 presidential elections in Turkiye. The 2023 presidential elections are a historic moment in Turkish political life. Issues such as the election going to a second round, the decisive role of coalition politics, and the diversification of voter behavior have made the election significant. The 2023 presidential elections in Turkiye differed from previous presidential elections. Turkish citizens and voters participated in the 22nd presidential election in the history of the Republic and elected Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the current 12th President. In the second round held on May 28, 2023, Erdogan received 52.18% of the vote and won the election, while Kilicdaroglu received 47.82%. In this study, a mixed research method was preferred by using both qualitative and quantitative research methods together. The transfer of election results with numerical data shows that it is largely quantitative. In addition, the interpretation and description of the existing results in tables shows that it is qualitative. Secondary data analysis was used as the data collection technique. New tables and graphs were created by analyzing the actual data from official administrations. This made it possible to look at the election results from different angles using data obtained from reliable sources.
GOVERNING DRONE TECHNOLOGY FOR GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION: CLIMATE CHALLENGES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
Climate change is a global phenomenon that poses significant challenges to agriculture and food sector. Due to certain natural and human activities, the planet is undergoing unexpected changes that are affecting the animal and plant agriculture and food production system as a whole. Shifting temperatures and rain patterns, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, as well as the spread of new pests and diseases, are transforming the ecosystem. Due to these rapid changes the production of agricultural sector decreased and threatening global food security due to lack of uses of innovative technologies. To address this agriculture and its mounting problems, sustainable agriculture development has come to rely on drone technology. The use of drones observed and transformed the agriculture sector through enhanced crop monitoring, resource allocation, and overall farm productivity. However, there is a need to establish compliance, to manage a broad spectrum of airspace law, privacy law, and information protection law. Fears about drones violating privacy by taking unapproved video of private property are growing along with public concerns and expectations of stringent drone laws. Farmers are provided with real-time valuable information pertaining to several components of their operations through state-of-the-art equipment drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-definition resolution cameras. This is not limited to just soil conditions and assessments, it includes crop productivity, pest or disease levels and biodiversity. Farmers can now effectively collect data with this level of precision, allowing for more rational timelier resolutions regarding the application of irrigation, fertilizer as well as pest controls, all of which contribute towards maintaining productivity among the demanding climate conditions. This also allows farmers to reduce the amount of damage and crop loss that occurs by enabling them to deal with situations as they develop. For instance, drones can squash a field at one time to look for signs of drought and disease which enables quick and cost-effective measures to be put in place regions where the possible productivity of crops is higher. This form of agriculture helps improve productivity and ensures that environment friendly farming practices are used. The review described and critically analyzed the importance of drone technology specifically in the agriculture sector. To better use of drone technology in agriculture sector, all relevant bodies must ensure that these tasks are carried out through specialized training, comprehensive data management, and dialogue with regulatory bodies. By collaboration and innovation within the agricultural sector, farmers are able to improve their productivity, while ensuring compliance with existing legislations. Finally, this study investigates the changing legal frameworks governing drone activities at the national and international levels. Drones have a lot to offer in resource management and precision farming, but their use presents serious issues with airspace sovereignty, liability, privacy, and environmental preservation. Cross-border drone operations face difficulties due to international laws like the 1944 Chicago Convention, which establish state sovereignty over airspace, especially in situations where security is a concern. Although national frameworks differ greatly, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has made an effort to offer regulatory guidelines.
ACTIVIDAD DE FOMENTO PÚBLICO, LÍMITES Y PERSPECTIVAS EN EL MARCO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
El texto aborda la importancia de la actividad de fomento y su comprensión en el fortalecimiento del Estado de derecho. Explica la naturaleza jurídico-administrativa de la actividad de fomento y su trascendencia en la materialización de las obligaciones del Estado en materia de derechos humanos; a través, de la identificación de sus fronteras con las políticas públicas, la descripción de la técnica jurídica de la actividad de fomento y de la explicación que cumple en materia de derechos humanos. Los métodos utilizados son el hermenéutico y el análisis síntesis por medio de los cuales identificamos las características del fomento desde las perspectivas jurídica y política para conocer la naturaleza jurídica, así como, los límites y alcances en materia de derechos humanos y fortalecimiento del Estado de derecho. La técnica de investigación utilizada es la documental. Los hallazgos permiten concluir que el régimen jurídico de la actividad de fomento permite identificarle como un pilar entre las actuaciones públicas para cumplir con las obligaciones en materia de derechos humanos, en particular, a través del régimen del control del presupuestario de las subvenciones.
DISAGREGATED CONSUMPTION INFORMATION AND THE NEIGHBOR CONSUMPTION INDEX IN HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY USE
Enhancing the efficiency of electricity consumption is an important step in mitigating environmental degradation, as the reliance on fossil fuels in energy production remains one of the primary contributors to carbon emissions and ecological harm. The objective of this study was to develop the Neighbor Consumption Index (NCI), a tool designed to explore differences in household electricity usage and to compare two groups of households with and without access to a service providing detailed information about electricity consumption. The central motivation of our research lies in comparing electricity consumption among geographically proximate households with similar usage patterns. We applied K-means clustering to group households and statistical tests to examine differences in consumption between households with and without access to disaggregation technology. The NCI was then calculated as a relative measure with the potential to provide households with a benchmark relative to their neighbors, thereby supporting reflection on their own consumption behavior. For the empirical analysis, we utilized data processed by the software company Bidgely.
LA MUJER RURAL Y LA REFORMA AGRARIA EN COLOMBIA: DESAFÍOS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Este artículo analiza el papel de la reforma agraria en la inclusión de las mujeres rurales en Colombia, identificando avances, limitaciones y desafíos para consolidar un desarrollo rural equitativo. A partir de una revisión documental de fuentes normativas, informes institucionales y literatura académica, se examina el impacto de las políticas de redistribución y formalización de tierras, el acceso a recursos productivos y la participación en la gobernanza rural. La incorporación del enfoque en función de género acompañado de una perspectiva interseccional es fundamental para resolver las condiciones particulares que enfrentan las mujeres que viven en ruralidad, en especial aquellas pertenecientes a comunidades campesinas, indígenas o afrodescendientes. De manera que, se plantean medidas orientadas a brindar garantía jurídica, prevenir situaciones de violencia, promover el fortalecimiento de las capacidades económicas; aspectos que son considerados ejes centrales de una reforma agraria con vocación transformadora. Cómo resultado del trabajo, pudimos llegar a la conclusión que es imprescindible el trabajo mancomunado y multiestructural entre los actores involucrados en esta convergencia social, el estado, las comunidades locales y la sociedad en sí, para que efectivamente se garantice la inclusión y participación de la mujer en el campo, para que de esta manera se creen y materialicen estrategias sistémicas que sean eficientes y perduren.
MAINTAINING AUDIT HUMAN RESOURCES IN DOMESTIC INDEPENDENT AUDITING FIRMS
This study was conducted to identify, evaluate and measure the attributes of maintaining audit human resources in domestic independent auditing firms in Hanoi City. Based on a literature review and the results of some interviews, 350 questionnaires were sent to auditors in domestic independent auditing firms in Hanoi City and were collected in 2 months. However, only 302 questionnaires were satisfactory and included in the analysis. The results of descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, and EFA analysis have identified and measured eight attributes of maintaining audit human resources that affect auditors in domestic independent auditing firms in Hanoi City. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for auditors and domestic independent auditing firms in Hanoi City to improve the maintenance of audit human resources. The research has brought practical significance to administrators in domestic independent auditing firms, who need solutions and policies for improving auditors’ performance.
PUBLIC SERVICE INNOVATION STUDY AT THE INVESTMENT AND ONE-STOP INTEGRATED SERVICE OFFICE OF KENDARI CITY AND KONAWE REGENCY
This study aims to comparatively analyze the processes, sustainability, and models of public service innovation at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Offices (DPMPTSP) in Kendari City and Konawe Regency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that Kendari City adopts a top-down innovation strategy driven by regulatory compliance and digital system integration, exemplified by OSS RBA and Sicantik Cloud. In contrast, Konawe Regency pursues need-based innovation through adaptive and participatory approaches. Innovation sustainability in both regions is supported by integrated management systems, progressive policies, transformational leadership, community involvement, and strengthened resource capacity. The identified innovation models comprise five categories: product, process, policy, service method, and system innovations, as conceptualized by Efendi et al. (2022). The study focuses on the implementation of the Public Service Mall (MPP) as the central service platform in both areas. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of public sector innovation in local contexts and offer practical insights for regional governments in designing inclusive, efficient, and sustainable innovation strategies.
FORMATION OF KYRGYZ STATEHOOD (HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS)
The study of historical and legal aspects of the formation of statehood are the most pressing issues of modern jurisprudence. Identification of the causes and conditions of the formation of statehood allows us to generalize the most typical theories of the emergence of the state. The formation of Kyrgyz statehood has a longer historical basis. But the legal registration as a state can be attributed to the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the study is to study the objective and subjective factors of the formation of an independent state, identifying the most significant characteristics of the formation of Kyrgyz statehood. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analysis made it possible to identify the most significant characteristics of the formation of Kyrgyz statehood in the context of historical and legal aspects.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COVID-19’S IMPACT ON CHILD LABOR
Systematic reviews of empirical studies comprehensively examining the relationship between being out of school and child labor during and after the COVID-19 pandemic are limited. The aim in this systematic review is to fill this gap. Empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025 in ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Seventeen studies were analyzed using narrative synthesis. Three themes emerged: economic shock and household survival strategies, collapse of education’s protective shield, and cycle of exploitation and early adulthood. Pandemic-induced income losses and school closures increased the risks for children, especially those in low-income and migrant households, to drop out of education and engage in hazardous work. Gender-based vulnerabilities increased significantly. Education functions as a protective mechanism against child labor; social protection measures and compensatory education policies play a critical role in breaking this cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly weakened progress toward SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality), undermined education systems’ capacity to protect children from child labor, and exposed persistent policy gaps in efforts to eliminate child labor.
WORKFORCE-ORIENTED EDUCATION SYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM AND MALAYSIA
Human Resource Development (HRD) plays a critical role in supporting social progress, workforce readiness, and sustainable development. In emerging economies, workforce-oriented education systems, including Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), are essential for aligning skills development with labour market needs. This article examines the challenges and opportunities of HRD within workforce-oriented education systems in Vietnam and Malaysia. Using a literature-based review, the study compares national HRD strategies and workforce development approaches in both countries. The findings indicate that Malaysia demonstrates stronger education–industry alignment and skills-based training, while Vietnam continues to face challenges related to workforce readiness and skills development. The study highlights the importance of strengthening workforce-oriented education systems to enhance HRD outcomes in emerging economies.
MIRADAS DE INGRESANTES A SU FORMACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA Y SU DERECHO A UNA EDUCACIÓN AFECTIVA Y ACCESIBLE
Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender e interpretar las miradas de estudiantes ingresantes sobre su proceso formativo en una Facultad de Educación para poder reconocer si la Universidad responde a su derecho a una educación afectiva y accesible como exige el momento actual. Es de enfoque fenomenológico-hermeneútico y participaron estudiantes de dos secciones que mediante las técnicas de encuesta y grupo focal visibilizaron vivencias y sentimientos en esta etapa. Sus expresiones evidencian valoraciones positivas sobre las prácticas de enseñanza y los entornos afectivos, sin embargo, percibieron algunas diferencias. Observaron dificultades vinculadas a la accesibilidad, adaptación de recursos, uso de herramientas pedagógicas pertinentes y vivenciaron algunas limitaciones en la socialización con sus pares. Consideran que estas condiciones influyen en la experiencia académica y procesos de socialización e inclusión. A partir de sus miradas, se concluye que el derecho a una educación de calidad requiere no solo de docentes competentes a nivel pedagógico, sino que también armonicen sus acciones en forma conjunta y puedan encaminarse hacia escenarios afectivos y accesibles acordes a los principios orientadores vigentes y los avances de la ciencia y tecnología que lamentablemente se ve aún lejana en la formación de los futuros educadores.
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF SPACE EXPLORATION: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
As commercial space activities surge and plans for permanent extraterrestrial settlements advance, a critical gap has emerged in international law: the absence of enforceable human rights protections for individuals operating beyond Earth. This article examines whether existing international human rights treaties apply extraterritorially to outer space and what obligations exist for states and private actors under current space law. Through doctrinal legal analysis of international treaties, case law, and scholarly commentary, this research reveals that while foundational space law instruments—including the Outer Space Treaty (1967), the Rescue Agreement (1968), and the Moon Agreement (1979)—establish principles of peaceful cooperation and state responsibility, they lack explicit human rights protections essential for addressing contemporary challenges. These challenges include labor rights for space workers, equitable resource allocation, corporate accountability, and protection against exploitation in isolated extraterrestrial environments. Drawing on extraterritorial human rights jurisprudence, particularly from the European Court of Human Rights in Al-Skeini v United Kingdom and the International Court of Justice's advisory opinions, this article argues that human rights obligations follow states beyond terrestrial boundaries wherever they exercise effective control or authority. The article proposes concrete legal reforms, including amendments to existing space treaties, establishment of a UN Human Rights in Space Commission, and development of a Space Human Rights Convention to ensure that fundamental dignities, freedoms, and protections recognized on Earth extend equally to orbit, the Moon, and Mars.
BOOSTS TO SUCCESSFUL PLATFORMS WITH TECHNOLOGY OR BUSINESS MODEL: SOME EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM
The Nobel Prize in Economics 2014 announcement has officially awakened the business theory states the advanced characteristics of business platform models. It contributes to the precise explanation for practically successful business applications mainly from perspectives of new business models’ justified features instead of technology. Even though denying the importance of technology and traditional business strategies is challenging, some evidence from Vietnam shows that apps may lose their business projects when they run without a clear perception and consumption of the platform’s beneficial characteristics and advantages. The laws and policies on digital business, particularly platforms, must highlight these new business models’ merits to support them while making essential regulations and restrictions.
BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA (DERMATOFIBROMA): A CASE REPORT
Background: Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH), also known as dermatofibroma, is a common benign cutaneous mesenchymal tumor. Despite its benign nature, it may mimic other spindle cell lesions clinically and histologically, necessitating accurate diagnostic evaluation. Case Presentation: We report a case of a patient presenting with a slowly growing, painless cutaneous dermal nodule. Complete local surgical excision was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histopathological Findings: Microscopic examination revealed a dermal-based spindle cell proliferation arranged in a storiform pattern, composed of fibroblast-like cells without cytologic atypia, necrosis, or increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for CD68 and negativity for CD34, supporting the diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma and excluding malignant spindle cell neoplasms. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation supported by immunohistochemical analysis in the accurate diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma. In the present case, complete surgical excision was followed by a favorable outcome, reinforcing the value of a systematic diagnostic approach.
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF WOMEN’S MSMES FOR COMMUNITY WELFARE IN KONAWE REGENCY
This study examines the institutional capacity development of women’s micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Konawe Regency, Indonesia, and their role in improving community welfare. Despite government initiatives, women’s MSMEs still face major challenges in rural areas. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study involved five informants—government officials and women entrepreneurs—through interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that institutional capacity is hindered by structural, socio-cultural, and economic barriers such as domestic role burdens, limited credit access, low business literacy, and poor digital infrastructure. Although some local initiatives exist, they are often unsustainable due to weak institutional support and a lack of stakeholder collaboration. The study proposes a community-based, collaborative model involving village-level women’s business groups, context-specific training, and gender-sensitive financial access. This model is expected to strengthen women’s institutional capacity, improve household welfare, and promote local economic resilience. The study contributes to gender-responsive institutional development discourse and offers practical recommendations for inclusive rural economic growth.
NEW MECHANISM ON PROTECTING CIVIL RIGHTS OF VULNERABLE GROUPS IN VIETNAM - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
The National Assembly’s authorization for the People's Procuracy to pilot the filing of civil lawsuits to protect the civil rights of vulnerable groups (disadvantaged subjects) is a historic step forward, demonstrating the determination of the Vietnamese State in realizing the goal of protecting human rights and citizens' rights. With the new mechanism on protecting the civil rights of vulnerable subjects, the role of the People's Procuracy as the "gatekeeper of justice" is clearly demonstrated; at the same time, it has breakthrough significance in protecting vulnerable groups by realizing their right to access justice, promoting social equity, and contributing to sustainable national development. However, along with new opportunities, protecting the civil rights of vulnerable groups through the mechanism of the People's Procuracy initiating civil lawsuits also poses challenges, requiring timely and synchronous solutions to enhance the effectiveness of the pilot implementation in the coming time.
LATE-DIAGNOSED ASYMMETRIC BILATERAL TRAUMATIC HIP DISLOCATION: A CASE REPORT
Background: Bilateral traumatic hip dislocation is a rare and severe orthopedic injury that is typically associated with high-energy trauma. Asymmetric bilateral dislocations are particularly uncommon and may pose diagnostic challenges, especially when presentation or evaluation is delayed. Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient who sustained asymmetric bilateral traumatic hip dislocation following a high-energy road traffic accident. The patient presented with severe bilateral hip pain and inability to bear weight. Due to delayed diagnosis, orthopedic evaluation occurred more than nine hours after presentation. Imaging revealed anterior dislocation of the right hip and posterior dislocation of the left hip. Closed reduction of both hips was successfully performed under conscious sedation. On examination, the patient demonstrated left-sided foot drop consistent with sciatic nerve involvement. Post-reduction imaging confirmed concentric reduction of both hips. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with asymmetric bilateral traumatic hip dislocation and underscores the importance of early recognition, comprehensive trauma assessment, and timely reduction to minimize complications such as avascular necrosis and neurological injury. Reporting such rare presentations contributes to increased clinical awareness and reinforces key principles in the management of traumatic hip dislocations.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL PENSAMIENTO MATEMÁTICO MEDIANTE LOS ESPACIOS METRICOS
La formación de los profesores de matemáticas en América Latina se ve influida por factores que han llevado a dar prioridad a la didáctica sobre los conocimientos específicos. Un ejemplo de ello es la reducción o eliminación de las asignaturas de matemáticas avanzadas en el plan de estudios de los futuros profesores de matemáticas. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre un programa de formación de profesores de matemáticas, objeto de una reforma curricular en la que los componentes matemáticos pasaron del 30 % al 18 %, eliminando asignaturas como análisis matemático y teoría de grupos, entre otras. El objetivo era distinguir los procesos del pensamiento matemático, utilizando problemas desafiantes relacionados con temas seleccionados de espacios métricos. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología basada en el diseño. Algunos aspectos destacados de las conclusiones son la identificación de las etapas para resolver problemas no rutinarios, la exploración, la formulación de conjeturas, la demostración y el establecimiento de conexiones. Aportando una visión original a este proceso, se denota el valor de la experimentación en el desarrollo del pensamiento matemático.
LA IMPUGNABILIDAD CONTENCIOSO-ADMINISTRATIVA DE MEDIDAS PROVISIONALES AMBIENTALES (CHILE)
El presente artículo examina los pronunciamientos en torno a la impugnabilidad de medidas provisionales ambientales, con el objeto de analizar la eficacia de su revisión jurisdiccional, en los distintos tribunales con competencias en materia medioambiental en el Derecho chileno. Para estos efectos, se estudian en un primer momento las sentencias de la Corte Suprema y, posteriormente, las decisiones de los Tribunales Ambientales, creados por la Ley 20.600. El contraste de los pronunciamientos permite observar diferencias relevantes en la interpretación de la impugnabilidad de estos actos de la Administración y de las sentencias de los tribunales en la materia. Bajo la interpretación de la Corte Suprema, tales medidas provisionales no podrían ser objeto de impugnación, por aplicación de la legislación del procedimiento administrativo. Aunque distintas sentencias de los Tribunales Ambientales muestran una interpretación diversa acerca de la eficacia de la impugnación de dichos actos, diferentes cuestionamientos persisten con relación a la efectividad del ejercicio de sus mecanismos impugnatorios.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE MICROSITE-BASED CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING MANAGEMENT MODEL
This research aims to develop a microsite-based career guidance service model to enhance the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in high schools in Kendari City. The research method adapts the Research and Development (R&D) model by Borg & Gall, with stages including needs analysis, product design, field trials, revisions, and dissemination. The findings indicate that guidance and counseling services in Kendari City still face challenges such as low student participation, limited access, unengaging methods, and minimal use of technology. The development of the microsite was conducted to accommodate the needs of guidance and counseling services, particularly career guidance, featuring information services, online consultation, and discussion forums. Effectiveness testing using N-Gain showed an improvement of 76.10%, categorized as effective, with feasibility scores from design experts (4.4), material experts (4.4), and practitioners (4.5), all falling into the "very good" category. Responses from guidance and counseling teachers (86.20%) and students (82.12%) demonstrated the practicality of the model, also categorized as "very good." Statistical tests using SPSS indicated that the variance between the experimental and control groups was homogeneous across all schools (p-value > 0.05 in Levene’s Equality of Variance test), proving a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in career guidance services using the microsite. This model is expected to serve as an innovative solution to improve the accessibility and quality of guidance and counseling services in the digital era. Future research is suggested to evaluate the long-term impact of microsite usage on students' psychological well-being, academic achievement, and career decision-making, including how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can facilitate guidance and counseling services.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS OF TOURIST GUIDES AFTER THE PANDEMIC (COVID-19): THE CASE OF TURKEY
This study investigates the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial management behaviors of tourist guides, an occupational group characterized by financial vulnerability due to irregular income and high sensitivity to external shocks. The primary aim was to assess post-pandemic behavioral changes in guides who suffered severe income losses (80-100%). Employing quantitative methods, this study adopts Dew and Xiao's (2011) four-dimensional financial behavior model. An online survey administered to active tourist guides across Turkey yielded 428 valid responses, which were analyzed via factor analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA. The findings indicate that financial behaviors cluster into four dimensions: cash, credit, savings/investment, and insurance management. Although the guides demonstrated strong cash management, their insurance management scores were notably low. Furthermore, male and married participants had higher financial behavior scores. Savings and investment propensities were positively correlated with age, professional experience, and income level. Notably, 35% of guides sought alternative income sources post-pandemic, and 30.8% increased their savings and investment efforts. These findings suggest that the pandemic compelled guides to prioritize financial risk management and income diversification, highlighting the need for policies and support programs to enhance their financial literacy.
DYNAMICS OF CENTRAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION SECTOR BALANCING AUTHORITY AND BUDGET IRRIGATION POLICY IN INDONESIA
This study aims to explore the dynamics of cooperation between the central and regional governments in supporting irrigation policies in Indonesia, focusing on West Java Province. The research uses qualitative analysis methods, examining intergovernmental relations through four main indicators: vertical relations, authority and autonomy, budget allocation, and regulations and institutions. Primary data were obtained through interviews with the Head of the Water Resources Operations and Maintenance Section of West Java Provincial Water Resources Office, while secondary data were collected from official ministry documents. The findings show that support for irrigation infrastructure is still limited due to budget allocations that do not match the extent of irrigated land. The mismatch between national irrigation planning and local conditions in West Java leads to inefficient resource allocation. The study concludes that synergy between the central and regional governments has not yet been fully realized, given the gap in planning and budget allocation, which impacts the implementation of irrigation policies. Therefore, better coordination between the two levels of government is essential to enhance the effectiveness of irrigation infrastructure development, supporting food security and agricultural sustainability in West Java. This study contributes to the theory of intergovernmental relations, emphasizing budget allocation as a critical factor in supporting irrigation policies.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIC SUPERVISION, EDUCATION AND TRAINING AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE TEACHER OF MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI SINJAI REGENCY
The purpose of this study is to analyze the Influence of Academic Supervision, Education and Training and Human Resource Management on the Performance of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Teachers in Sinjai Regency. The population in this study is all teachers of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Sinjai Regency with a total of 114 samples (saturated samples) The analysis model used in this study is quantitative descriptive and the questionnaire results data were obtained through the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Version 27 application. The results of the study show that these three variables have a positive and statistically significant effect on teacher performance. Academic supervision that is carried out effectively has been proven to be able to improve the quality of the learning process through guidance, evaluation, and continuous mentoring or follow-up. Education and training illustrate that relevant and continuous training activities are able to make a real contribution to improving teachers' pedagogic and professional competence, broadening insights into learning innovations, and forming adaptive attitudes to curriculum changes and technological developments. Meanwhile, good human resource management, shows that through the recruitment system, the management of educators effectively starts from teacher obedience planning, career development, as well as the provision of motivation and rewards that, are able to create a productive work environment so as to motivate teachers to perform optimally and are quality-oriented. Overall, this study concludes that academic supervision, education and training, and human resource management in general contribute significantly to improving teacher performance. These findings provide important implications for education management, especially in the development of policies that support improving the quality of educators.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND SOCIAL CONCERN IN BLOOD DONATION
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze how social media and social concern influence repeat blood donation behavior through trust, from a social marketing perspective, in supporting SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being and sustainable blood supply systems in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methodology: The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. Findings: Social concern and social media have a significant direct effect on repeat blood donation behavior, also significant indirect effect on repeat blood donation through trust as a mediating variable. These results highlight the strategic role of social marketing approaches, whereby social media functions not only as an information channel but also as a marketing tool to strengthen donor relationships, enhance institutional trust, and encourage long-term donor retention. Research limitations: the study focused only on social media, social concern, and trust, while other factors that may influence repeat blood donation—such as personal health conditions, service quality, or previous donation experiences—were not examined. Practical implications: These results offer strategic insights for the Indonesian Red Cross and the Malaysian National Blood Centre to optimize social media utilization through social marketing and relationship marketing strategies, strengthen public trust, and leverage social concern as a motivational driver for long-term donor retention. Social implications: These strategies contribute to the sustainability of blood supply systems by integrating social marketing and relationship marketing approaches, and support the achievement of SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). Originality/value: This study offers a novel integrated model of social media, social concern, and trust in explaining repeat blood donation behavior in Indonesia and Malaysia, contributing to sustainable blood supply management and SDG 3.
ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST DATA AND RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM REFORM
This study collected standardized physical fitness test data from 28,290 college students and conducted an in-depth analysis using a complete data preprocessing pipeline and machine learning algorithms. First, missing values were imputed and outliers were processed, followed by standardization. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied for dimensionality reduction, and the K-means clustering algorithm was used, with the optimal number of clusters (K=2) determined by the silhouette coefficient method. The data analysis revealed significant group differences in students' physical fitness, particularly in strength and cardiorespiratory endurance. Based on these findings, a 16-week teaching reform experiment was conducted at Guangzhou Huashang College, incorporating weak test items into the curriculum. The results showed that the pass rate for male students' pull-ups increased by 23.34 percentage points (p<0.01), and the standing long jump improved by 25 percentage points (p<0.01). Female students also demonstrated significant improvements in related indicators. This study validates the effectiveness of data-driven physical education reform and provides actionable pathways for college physical education programs.
ASSET LIQUIDITY CONCENTRATION AND ASSET LIQUIDATION STRUCTURE AS PERCENTILE-BASED RISK INDICATORS IN PUBLIC OFFICIALS' WEALTH DISCLOSURE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Public sector asset disclosure systems face persistent challenges in converting compliance data into actionable oversight intelligence. This study introduces two preventive forensic accounting measures Asset Liquidity Concentration (ALC) and Asset Liquidity Structure (ALS) analyzed through percentile-based benchmarking to enable risk-stratified governance oversight. Examining the complete population of 992,081 asset disclosure reports from Indonesia’s LHKPN system during 2020–2022, the study documents extreme concentration of illiquid assets (median illiquid asset ratio: 95.9%), accompanied by substantial heterogeneity across government sectors and administrative area. Percentile analysis indicates that officials in the upper quartile (P75) hold 99.3% of their assets in illiquid forms, whereas those in the lower quartile (P25) maintain 84.8% illiquidity. Sectoral analysis reveals that executive branch officials exhibit the highest variability in asset liquidity (IQR: 0.174), while legislative officials display the most concentrated illiquid asset profiles (P75: 99.6%). The ALS complexity index (median: 0.614) suggests a level of portfolio diversification that substantially increases verification burdens. Analysis by administrative area further shows that central government officials maintain more complex asset structures (mean ALS: 0.627) compared to regional government officials (mean ALS: 0.626). These percentile-based thresholds facilitate systematic identification of statistical outliers warranting enhanced scrutiny, without presuming misconduct. Overall, the study advances preventive forensic accounting by demonstrating how structural asset characteristics, when assessed using distributional benchmarks, can transform passive compliance systems into active, risk-based governance tools under conditions of limited oversight resources.
EMBODIED INDONESIAN NOVICE TEACHERS IDENTITY AS INNOVATIVE TEACHERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH TEACHERS IN A FREEDOM TO LEARN PROGRAM
This study employed a qualitative approach with a constructivist-oriented descriptive method to explore the formation of professional identity among teachers. The research was grounded in the function of practical reason within discourse, emphasizing how teachers constructed their professional roles through experiential and contextual interactions. The findings indicated that the embodiment of professional identity was reflected in four main domains. First, in the domain of technology utilization, teachers made extensive use of digital media to support the learning process, in line with the independent curriculum’s emphasis on technology integration and content optimization. Second, in terms of teacher-student relationships, teachers focused on encouraging student participation, commitment, and ensuring students' well-being. Third, in relation to the teaching role, teachers collaborated with educational institutions to develop innovative approaches in implementing the independent curriculum. Finally, in the area of classroom sensitivity, participants acknowledged the significant role of their colleagues in helping them realize and strengthen their professional identity, particularly during field teaching practice. These results highlighted the complex and dynamic nature of professional identity development in contemporary education.
LEGAL AWARENESS OF RIGHTS IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL CONTRACTS: AN APPLIED STUDY ON JORDANIAN PLAYERS
This research aims to assess the level of legal consciousness of Jordanian professional football players who have played in their official football leagues about their rights and liabilities linked with a professional contract. This research is driven by major categories such as knowledge on rights from the contract, knowledge on contract termination and dispute resolution, awareness of legal counsel and contractual fairness perception. A special c questionnaire with four domains and fifteen items was formulated using the related literature and validated by experts. In total, 120 players were surveyed and statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests were employed to determine the differences in legal awareness according to years of professional experience and previous professional experience abroad. Results show that there is a low level of awareness of the law in general terms, although more experienced players and those who have competed professionally outside Jordan are significantly higher. These findings emphasize the importance of legal education and institutional support for improving players’ knowledge about contractual rights and protective mechanisms. The paper suggests some practical strategies for players, clubs and governing bodies to increase legal literacy and protect the interests of the players.
EFFECT OF FOREIGN FINANCE ON SME’S PRODUCTIVITYIN LAGOS, NIGERIA
This study explored the effect of foreign finance on the productivity of SMEs in Lagos State Nigeria. Adopting Pecking Order Theory and the Resource-Based Theory, the study hypothesised links between foreign finance and SMEs performance variable. The study employed a survey design using random sampling technique with 361 sample size out of a population of 5,344. Primary data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale distributed through hard and electronic means to SMEs in Lagos State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics with regression analysis were employed to examine the five hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The overall findings revealed that foreign finance elements of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign venture capital (FVC), foreign loan (FL) and foreign grant (FG) had significant positive effect on the performance of SMEs in Lagos Statewith foreign grant leading the park. Size of the firm has no significant effect on SMEs performance. The study concluded that change foreign finance elements have significant effects on SMEs productivity in Lagos State. SMEs can draw insight from this study to engage in structuring their business to attract foreign investors. It is recommended that SMEs should make themselves attractive to foreign investors and grantors by structuring their companies and improve on their reporting process.
IMPACT OF VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE ON SPIRITUAL AWARENESS AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
The rapid advancement of digital technology presents a unique paradox in religious communities: while religious observance remains high, social pathologies such as drug abuse and juvenile delinquency continue to rise. This study explores the potential of Immersive Experience based on Virtual Reality (VR) as an intervention tool to bridge this gap. Specifically, it examines how simulating the history of the Prophet Muhammad SAW through VR affects Spiritual Awareness and Social Solidarity among the youth in Jember, Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 211 respondents selected via purposive sampling. The results demonstrate that the Immersive Experience has a significant and positive influence on both Spiritual Awareness (T-statistic = 15.512, p < 0.001) and Social Solidarity (T-statistic = 15.288, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the model explains a moderate to substantial amount of variance in the dependent variables (R2 > 0.40), with discriminant validity confirmed by HTMT ratios < 0.90. These findings suggest that VR technology can transcend its entertainment value to become a transformative medium for spiritual and social education, fostering a "Digital Transcendence" that strengthens both vertical and horizontal human relationships.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS WITH AI TOOLS
This qualitative study explored how prospective Turkish Language and Literature teachers conceptualized and experienced the design process of developing educational materials utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology and some of the difficulties they had encountered. Based on Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, the qualitative study employed a single cycle practice oriented intervention design that was based upon action research. The study was conducted in a University located in the Marmara Region of Turkey with students who participated in a 4 week (12 hours) training program using Vyond, Gamma, ChatGPT/Gemini and Suno for listening, reading, speaking and writing. Semi-structured interviews, participant journal entries and researcher observation data collection methods were utilized to collect the data. Content analysis was applied to analyze the data. The results indicated an evolution from abstract potential focused views of AI (i.e. time savings, access to a wealth of information), to more concrete, understanding views of AI including personalization, increased efficiency, providing diversity of materials, increasing student motivation, and supporting teacher growth. AI was primarily used for creating texts, making presentations, conducting research, and testing new uses such as music, storytelling and animation. However, many of the participants identified risks including reduced critical thinking, and complacency of students' use of AI technology without teacher guidance. Therefore, it is concluded that structured participation in AI will increase digital and pedagogic literacy if supported by ethical considerations and reflective teaching practices.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA DEMANDA DE GASOLINA CORRIENTE DE LA ECONOMÍA PERUANA PARA LOS AÑOS 2001 A 2022
El objetivo fue comprobar empíricamente la existencia de la función de demanda de gasolina corriente para la economía peruana durante el periodo 2001-2022. El nivel de investigación fue descriptivo y correlacional con diseño no experimental. La muestra consistió en 132 datos, correspondientes a los 11 años y las 6 variables, se utilizó el método de regresión múltiple para series temporales. La demanda de gasolina corriente es inelástica y de lujo. Un incremento del 1% del precio reduce el consumo promedio de gasolina corriente en 0.19%. El Diesel es un bien sustituto y el gas licuado de petróleo es complementario. Se desestimó la existencia de una relación significativa entre el consumo de energía e impuestos. Los hacedores de políticas públicas tomaran decisiones de conservación y sostenibilidad de los hidrocarburos más acertadas y claras una vez revelada la estructura de precios de la demanda de gasolina, ya que, en determinados escenarios, los consumidores suelen intercambiar de manera un rápida un bien por otro. Se incorporan variables antes no utilizadas como la población y parque automotor. Se recomienda una reestructuración de la Refinería de Talara o su eventual venta, y así estar preparados para la futura demanda creciente de hidrocarburos.
PRELIMINARY MEASURES IN ELECTRONIC ENFORCEMENT A COMPARATIVE CIVIL- AND PROCEDURAL-LAW STUDY OF EGYPT AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (DUBAI)
compulsory enforcement still depends on paper-era assumptions about titles, service, and the mechanics of coercion. This article re-frames electronic enforcement as an interface between substantive civil-law rights (the creditor’s claim, the debtor’s liability, and the civil consequences of abusive measures) and procedural technique (opening the enforcement file, service, and interim restraints). Using a doctrinal and functional comparative method, the study analyses the Egyptian position and contrasts it with the Emirate of Dubai within the UAE federal framework, with particular attention to the 2025 legislative reforms and to the new UAE Civil Transactions Law. It argues that ‘electronic enforcement’ cannot be evaluated by speed alone. A credible system must ensure (i) a verifiable electronic executory title, (ii) a legally meaningful digital domicile for service, (iii) a calibrated toolkit of preliminary measures (freezing, attachment, travel restraint, and related orders) that remains proportionate to the underlying civil right, and (iv) civil liability pathways for wrongful or excessive measures. The article concludes by proposing drafting solutions that connect civil-law concepts (good faith, abuse of right, and the creditor’s general guarantee) with procedural safeguards (traceability, contestability, and judicial control).
THE INABILITY OF CONDENSED AEROSOL TO FUNCTION AS A STREAMING AGENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR VEHICLE FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
The application of condensed aerosol (CA) as a fire suppression system for motor vehicles has increasingly been promoted as an alternative to conventional streaming agents. However, such equivalence raises fundamental conceptual problems. Streaming agents suppress fire through high-momentum, directional discharge enabling rapid localized fire attack, whereas condensed aerosol operates through volumetric dispersion of submicron particles and is highly dependent on spatial confinement and the achievement of homogeneous agent concentration. This study aims to scientifically analyze the inherent inability of condensed aerosol to function as a streaming agent within vehicle engine compartments, which are semi-open and characterized by high ventilation rates. The research adopts an analytical–qualitative approach integrating particle fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of pyrotechnic aerosol systems, combustion reaction kinetics, and a systematic review of international standards including NFPA 2010, ISO 15779, and LPS regulations. The analysis is reinforced by a synthesis of Scopus-indexed experimental studies, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and reviews of real-world fire incident cases. The results demonstrate that condensed aerosol intrinsically lacks flow momentum, throw range, and penetration capability required for effective vehicle fire suppression. Its performance is deterministically degraded by ventilation effects, making suppression failure scientifically predictable. Conversely, condensed aerosol exhibits effective performance only in small, well-confined, and static compartments such as electrical panels and control cabinets, where a total flooding mechanism based on volumetric concentration can be consistently achieved. These findings are fully consistent with international regulatory classifications that restrict condensed aerosol to fixed total flooding systems for small enclosed spaces. This study concludes that the application of condensed aerosol in motor vehicles represents a categorical design error in fire suppression systems.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND DIGITAL DRIVERS OF LECTURER PERFORMANCE: EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK MOTIVATION UNDER TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
In the contemporary landscape of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), the convergence of digital disruption and organizational dynamics necessitates a re-evaluation of performance drivers. This study proposes and argues for a comprehensive theoretical model examining the direct and indirect effects of organizational culture (OC), transformational leadership (TL), and digital transformation (DT) on lecturer performance (LP), mediated by work motivation (WM). Drawing upon Social Exchange Theory, the Job Demands-Resources model, and recent empirical literature, we posit that while DT provides the necessary structural tools for modern education, OC and TL provide the psychological and environmental antecedents required to fuel work motivation. Motivation, subsequently, acts as the proximal engine driving superior job performance. This paper provides a rigorous theoretical argumentation for these six causal pathways, offering insights for HEI administrators navigating the complexities of Industry 4.0.
POSITIVE SYNERGY BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC LITERACY AND SKILLS: INSIGHTS FROM PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Geographic literacy and skills are essential competencies for prospective Geography teachers to effectively perform their roles as educators in the 21st-century education era. This study analyzes the relationship between learning styles, geographic literacy, and geographic skills among prospective Geography teachers. A quantitative survey design was employed, using questionnaires and tests to measure learning styles, geographic literacy, and geographic skills. The approach used is quantitative, using a survey method, problem-based investigation, and data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all active students in Geography Education programs at public and private universities in Indonesia. The sample size amounting to 249 students from 19 public and private universities. Using two types of instruments geographical literacy test: multiple-choice questions-based case study and learning style questionnaire: adapted from the Felder-Silverman. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to gain deeper insights and data analysis using SMART PLS software. These results underscore the importance of fostering geographic literacy as a foundation for enhancing geographic skills. The influence of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles on geography skills (KG) and geographic literacy skills (KLG) have different effects. The implications of this study highlight the need for instructional strategies that support visual learning styles and promote the development of geographic literacy among prospective teachers, preparing them to become professional educators capable of addressing global challenges. The findings reveal that student with a visual learning style exhibit higher geographic literacy than those with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles.
LANGUAGE COMPETENCE AS A MULTIFACETED SET OF KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITIES
Language competence constitutes a core component of successful foreign language acquisition and serves as a prerequisite for effective communication across various social, academic, and professional domains. It encompasses a systematic body of linguistic knowledge, including grammatical, lexical, and phonological elements, which enables learners to produce and comprehend language in accordance with normative standards. Language competence begins to develop with the acquisition of the native language and continues to evolve throughout an individual’s educational trajectory, particularly in multilingual contexts. In contemporary linguistic and pedagogical research, language competence is conceptualized as an integrated set of knowledge and skills that facilitate accurate and contextually appropriate language use in diverse communicative situations. The formation of language competence supports learners’ ability to construct coherent oral and written discourse and contributes to the development of communicative autonomy. Furthermore, a high level of language competence enhances cognitive processes, intercultural awareness, and academic performance. This study emphasizes the significance of structured instruction and purposeful practice in fostering language competence, highlighting its role as a foundational element in the development of overall communicative competence and effective second language learning.
EFFICACY OF BILATERAL ADDUCTOR CANAL CATHETER FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT IN POST-TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY WITH HISTORY OF LUMBAR STABILIZATION: A CASE REPORT
Postoperative pain following total knee replacement (TKR) remains a major barrier to early mobilization and optimal rehabilitation. Neuraxial anesthesia techniques such as epidural or spinal blocks are effective for analgesia but may be contraindicated in patients with prior lumbar spine surgery. This case report presents a 65-year-old female with bilateral gonarthrosis and a history of lumbar stabilization (L3-L5) who underwent bilateral TKR. Postoperative analgesia was managed using bilateral continuous adductor canal block (ACB) catheters under ultrasound guidance, supplemented by multimodal systemic analgesia. Pain scores remained low (NRS 0-1), knee range of motion improved from 0-80° to 0-100° within three days, and no motor weakness or complications were observed. The results support that bilateral continuous ACB is a safe and effective analgesic strategy for TKR in patients with contraindications to neuraxial techniques, facilitating early mobilization and rehabilitation consistent with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols.
A PERSONALITY-BASED DIGITAL APPLICATION INNOVATION FOR EDUCATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT USING THE TREE HR FRAMEWORK
The development of human resources (HR) in education requires an innovative approach that integrates personality-based learning with modern technology. This study aims to develop a personality-based application for HR in education using the Tree HR Learning Model as a conceptual framework. Using a research and development (R&D) design, this study followed a series of stages including needs analysis, application design, development, expert validation, and limited trials with potential users. Data were collected through questionnaires, expert reviews, and user feedback, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. The results show that the developed application effectively integrates the Tree HR Model by mapping fundamental values (roots), core competencies (trunk), and practical skills (branches) into application features. Expert validation demonstrated a high level of feasibility in terms of content, usability, and design. The test results indicate that this application increases user engagement and supports HR development in education through increased self-awareness, competency building, and reflective practice.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN VIETNAM - CURRENT SITUATION AND SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
The circular economy is increasingly recognized as an inevitable development trend aimed at reducing the exploitation of natural resources, minimizing waste generation, and promoting sustainable economic growth. In Vietnam, the transition toward a circular economy has received growing policy attention, as reflected in several legal documents that regulate recycling, reuse, waste management, extended producer responsibility, and cleaner production. However, despite these initial efforts, the existing legal framework for the circular economy remains fragmented. It has not yet established sufficiently strong or coherent incentives to encourage the active participation of businesses, local authorities, and local communities. In practice, shortcomings in policy design, implementation mechanisms, and law enforcement capacity continue to limit the effectiveness of circular economic initiatives. Against this background, the article analyzes the current status of Vietnam’s policies and legal regulations related to circular economic development, focusing on their scope, consistency, and practical enforceability. On that basis, the article proposes several solutions to improve the legal framework, strengthen institutional coordination, and enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement. The research findings are expected to contribute to the creation of a more favorable legal foundation for Vietnam’s transition toward an effective, sustainable, and competitive circular economic model.
ADAPTING APHASIA REHABILITATION: A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR URDU-SPEAKING PATIENTS AND THEIR COMMUNICATION PARTNERS
Background: Chronic aphasia is a neurological disorder that affects language comprehension, expression, reading and writing, with significant consequences for daily functioning, social participation, and quality of life. Rehabilitation approaches aim to maximise functional communication; however, culturally responsive strategies remain underexplored for Urdu-speaking populations. Objective: To develop a culturally sensitive and comprehensive approach for Urdu-speaking patients with chronic aphasia and their communication partners. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative design was employed to identify communication needs. Data were collected from focused structured groups of four speech-language pathologists and three caregivers recruited through convenience sampling. Interviews were culturally adapted and analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Results: Findings highlighted substantial psychosocial impacts of chronic aphasia and emphasised the need for functional, goal-oriented intervention. Key barriers included limited availability of Urdu-language resources and cultural misunderstandings affecting rehabilitation practices. Conclusion: Effective management of chronic aphasia requires culturally competent, integrated approaches that address psychosocial needs and systemic barriers to improve communication outcomes and quality of life.
ADVANCING HALAL SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES THROUGH SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION TRANSPARENCY AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
The development of halal supply chains reflects a growing need to integrate religious integrity with modern supply chain imperatives. The analysis presented has shown that sustainability, transparency, and regulatory compliance are no longer peripheral considerations but essential pillars of advancement. Each dimension is interconnected, shaping not only operational practices but also the credibility and competitiveness of halal industries in global markets. Sustainability offers halal supply chains the ability to translate Islamic values of stewardship into practical strategies such as eco-friendly logistics, renewable energy adoption, and circular economy practices. Transparency, strengthened through digital technologies, ensures that consumers can verify halal authenticity with confidence. Yet, adoption of such innovations remains uneven, particularly among small and medium enterprises, making supportive infrastructure and inclusive policies a necessity. At the same time, fragmented regulatory frameworks continue to generate inefficiencies and weaken trust, highlighting the importance of harmonized and adaptive systems that can respond to emerging sustainability and technological demands. What emerges most clearly is the need for integrated governance models. Addressing sustainability, transparency, and regulation in isolation is insufficient. By embedding these elements within a cohesive framework, halal supply chains can move beyond compliance toward leadership in global value chains. Achieving this transformation will position halal supply chains as models of resilience, responsibility, and innovation in the evolving landscape of international trade.
MODIFICATION OF THE NARCOTICS LAW TO REGULATE CANNABIDIOL'S (CBD) MEDICAL USE
Provisions in Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics still classify all cannabis derivatives, including non-psychoactive CBD, as Class I narcotics, thereby legally hindering their use despite their medical benefits. This study aims to analyze the urgency of reformulating CBD regulations in the Narcotics Law, assess the suitability of current provisions with medical developments and international standards, and examine alternative regulatory models to ensure safe and controlled medical access. The findings of the study indicate that a revision of the Narcotics Law is necessary to completely separate CBD from the overall classification of cannabis, establish standards for monitoring medical use, prepare licensing mechanisms for production and distribution based on patient safety, and ensure legal protection for health workers and patients. This reformulation is expected to create a balance between drug control and the fulfillment of the right to health through the responsible use of CBD for therapeutic purposes.
STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN GRASSROOTS TRADE UNIONS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Financial management plays a crucial role in ensuring the operational effectiveness and sustainability of grassroots trade unions, particularly in the context of organizational reform and the increasing demands for transparency and accountability in Vietnam. However, empirical studies on financial management within the grassroots trade union system remain limited. This study aims to assess the current state of financial management in grassroots trade unions in Vietnam, identify the key factors influencing financial management effectiveness, and propose relevant policy implications. Based on survey data collected from officials of grassroots trade unions in Vietnam, the study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses to examine the roles of factors such as staff capacity, financial decentralization mechanisms, the level of information transparency, and financial supervision and control systems. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of financial management in grassroots trade unions is significantly influenced by the professional competence and managerial skills of union officials, as well as the clarity and consistency of the financial institutional framework. In addition, shortcomings in financial supervision and disclosure mechanisms remain major barriers to the efficient use of trade union financial resources. Drawing on empirical evidence, the paper proposes several policy implications to strengthen financial management in grassroots trade unions, including improving the financial institutional framework, enhancing the capacity of union officials, and promoting transparency and accountability. These measures are expected to contribute to improving the overall performance and sustainability of the trade union system in Vietnam.
TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL EN LA GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA: ANÁLISIS DEL IMPACTO EN LA EFICIENCIA OPERACIONAL EN EMPRESAS LATINOAMERICANAS
La transformación digital (TD) se ha consolidado como un imperativo estratégico para las organizaciones que buscan mantener su competitividad en un entorno globalizado y dinámico. Este artículo presenta un análisis cuantitativo del impacto de la transformación digital en la gestión administrativa y la eficiencia operacional, con un enfoque específico en el contexto de las empresas latinoamericanas. Mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura científica y el análisis de datos secundarios provenientes de fuentes especializadas, se examina la correlación entre la adopción de tecnologías digitales, como Inteligencia Artificial (IA), Big Data, Planificación de Recursos Empresariales (ERP) e Internet de las Cosas (IoT), y la mejora de indicadores clave de rendimiento. Los hallazgos revelan que, si bien la adopción de TD en América Latina muestra un crecimiento acelerado, con un mercado que se proyecta alcance los USD 257.49 mil millones para 2033, persisten brechas significativas en la madurez digital, especialmente en las PYMEs. El estudio concluye que una implementación estratégica de la TD, alineada con los objetivos organizacionales y soportada por una cultura de innovación, es un factor determinante para optimizar la eficiencia operacional, reducir costos y fortalecer la resiliencia empresarial.
THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HAND-WOVEN FABRIC PRODUCTS USING THE IDENTITY OF COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTHEAST OF THAILAND
This qualitative study has three main goals. First, it gathers and reviews information and past research about the materials, production methods, design, and development of hand-woven fabrics in Northeastern Thailand. Second, it examines the region's unique identity and how it can be incorporated into fabric design and development. Third, it explores ways to design and develop hand-woven fabric products that reflect this local identity. The study focuses on hand-woven fabric entrepreneurs in Northeastern Thailand, with selected participants from Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen provinces. The results show that weaving in this region is a long-standing tradition with a strong cultural identity. Patterns are made using techniques such as continuous and discontinuous supplementary weft weaving, ikat, brocading, and plain weaving, alone or combined, to create a variety of unique designs. Design and development involve creating patterns based on local culture, promoting art and local identity, passing down traditional knowledge, and using technology and innovation in creative ways. The study highlights the importance of using local resources to improve the look, meaning, identity, and market value of products. Producers should consider four main factors: community resources, competitors, production abilities, and consumers or marketing. Local identity is divided into four types: natural environment, cultural heritage, craft knowledge, and beliefs or legends. Case studies of nine entrepreneurs who used natural environment themes identified five key points for product development: choosing the right techniques, making knowledge easy to share, using identity by choice, entrepreneur decision-making, and focusing on the market. Overall, satisfaction with the design and development results was very high (mean = 4.78).
REDUCING INEQUALITIES THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF PROTECTION MECHANISMS FOR PARENTS AND OLDER ADULTS IN GOA, INDIA
Within the confines of India, according to the 2011 Census, the number of older adults (citizens of 60 years and older) in the country was 10,38,00,000. Their anticipated population in the country for 2026 (as of March 1st) was estimated to be 17,32,00,000. The National Commission Technical Group’s study found Goa's population was 1,585,000, as of July 1, 2024.The population of Goa had been anticipated to reach 1.665 million by 2036. Numerous aged individuals were abandoned on the streets and compelled to beg after they are deemed unproductive by their families. Sustainable Development Goal (Reducing Inequalities) seeks to diminish inequalities on the basis of income, sex, disability, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion and opportunity including age and class. The present paper focuses on criminal laws prevalent in the state of Goa for reducing inequalities with regard to senior citizens. The study evaluated efficiency of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007 (MWPSC ACT) in state of Goa with the help of data collected from the office of Maintenance Tribunals (2009-2024) in the State. The study found that the increasing number of cases indicated that the MWPSC Act was not acting as a deterrent to the commission of atrocities.
INSURANCE AGAINST CYBER RISKS: COMPARATIVE STUDY
The digital community faces a myriad of legal challenges, among which a particularly significant issue is the matter of insurance against the risks associated with digitization. These risks encompass cyber-security threats, the implications of digital advancement, electronic attacks, digital hacking, infringements on digital privacy, and a host of other related vulnerabilities. In recognition of the significant challenges faced by digital institutions and their stakeholders in preserving privacy policies, protecting data, and ensuring information security, cyber insurance—also referred to as insurance against digital risks or electronic insurance—has emerged as an innovative and crucial solution. This form of insurance has arisen in response to the needs of companies to safeguard their interests and mitigate the damages resulting from cyberattacks aimed at data breaches and privacy violations. Accordingly, this research endeavors to analyze the legal issues associated with the provisions of insurance against the risks of digitization, commonly referred to as electronic insurance against cybersecurity threats. This analysis is particularly conducted given the escalation of cyberattacks and the increasing demand for electronic insurance solutions. Furthermore, this study seeks to highlight the urgent need of establishing a coherent and well-structured legal framework governing contracts related to digitization risks or electronic insurance within national legislations.
API ECOSYSTEMS IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
APIs are undergoing a fundamental shift from static integration mechanisms toward dynamic, AI‑interpretable interaction surfaces. Large language models and autonomous agents increasingly discover, understand, and orchestrate APIs with minimal human intervention, reshaping integration paradigms across domains. This systematic review (2020–2026) analyzes emerging AI‑native API ecosystems along six dimensions: functionality, security, governance, architecture, efficiency, and application areas. The findings highlight an evolution from conventional REST, SOAP, and messaging architectures to adaptive, context‑aware, and policy‑driven interface models. Concurrently, novel security risks—such as prompt injection, model manipulation, and cascading threats in multi‑layer API orchestrations—intensify the need for advanced protective controls, including mTLS, OAuth 2.1, and zero‑trust governance architectures. A key contribution of this work is a taxonomy that classifies AI‑driven API ecosystems according to autonomy level, governance maturity, interoperability, security posture, and energy efficiency. The review positions APIs as foundational components of intelligent systems and offers guidance for research, standardization efforts, and the secure deployment of AI‑native API architectures.
STRATEGIES FOR ENGAGEMENT EMPLOYEES: THE IMPACT OF COMPENSATION, SUPERVISOR SUPPORT, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, AND DIGITAL LITERACY
Employee engagement has emerged as a central issue for organizational sustainability, particularly amid digital transformation where motivation and adaptability are vital. Despite extensive research, the understanding of its antecedents remains fragmented, especially in developing contexts. This study investigates how Compensation, Career Development, Perceived Supervisor Support, and Digital Literacy influence Employee Engagement in Indonesian organizations. Using a quantitative design with SmartPLS analysis, data were collected from employees across multiple sectors. The results show that compensation, career development, and perceived supervisor support significantly enhance engagement, while digital literacy has a positive but comparatively weaker effect. Among these variables, career development exerts the strongest influence, emphasizing the importance of growth and development opportunities in sustaining engagement. The study contributes to the literature by integrating traditional motivational constructs with digital competency perspectives and highlighting the need to contextualize engagement models in emerging economies. Practically, it suggests that organizations should strengthen fair compensation, structured career development, supportive leadership, and digital readiness to build enduring engagement in technology-driven workplaces.
EVALUACIÓN BOLA DE NIEVE: ESTRATEGIA PEDAGÓGICA PARA EL APRENDIZAJE COLABORATIVO DESDE PERCEPCIONES DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
El presenta estudio cualitativo fenomenológico analiza las percepciones de estudiantes universitarios sobre la evaluación bola de nieve como estrategia pedagógica innovadora para potenciar el aprendizaje colaborativo. La investigación se centra en tres subcategorías clave: condiciones de diseño e implementación, adaptabilidad de la estrategia y promoción de entornos de aprendizaje. Enmarcado en la evaluación de aprendizajes como campo simbólico, regulador y formativo, se recolectaron datos mediante grupos focales con treinta estudiantes de primer año de pregrado. Los resultados destacan la relevancia pedagógica de esta estrategia para fortalecer el desarrollo socioafectivo, optimizando la autoevaluación, reflexión metacognitiva y trabajo colaborativo frente a desafíos académicos. Se concluye que esta estrategia, respaldada por evidencia fenomenológica, transforma la evaluación en proceso dinámico y regulador que fomenta el intercambio de saberes, construcción de conocimientos y superación grupal de retos, integrándose plenamente en la triada enseñanza- evaluación- aprendizaje (EEA). Los aportes de la evaluación bola de nieve incluyen una mayor implicación de estudiantes, competencias socioemocionales y adaptabilidad curricular, por ello, se constituye un aporte significativo para la comunidad académica.
PARADOX OF THE REWARD SYSTEM: CAN REWARDS STRENGTHEN OR WEAKEN THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE ON JOB SATISFACTION?
As one of the university's resources, lecturers play a strategic role in the academic and educational development of students. The government must establish regulations regarding the profession, career, and income of lecturers because the widespread phenomenon of low lecturer salaries indicates that there are factors that are still not commensurate with their level of education. When a lecturer has positive feelings about their work, it's called job satisfaction. So, job satisfaction, performance, and the faculty reward system are very important for universities. This research was conducted using a quantitative method. Purposive sampling is the sampling technique used in this study. This research involved 260 faculty samples from excellent accredited private universities in the cities of Malang, Surabaya, and Jember in East Java, as well as Mataram in West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 245 questionnaires were collected out of 260 distributed and processed using Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis. The research results indicate that the reward system does not have a direct impact on job satisfaction, but it does have a direct impact on performance and is proven to moderate the influence of performance on job satisfaction. Performance significantly influences job satisfaction and is proven to fully mediate the impact of reward systems on job satisfaction.
GOVERNANÇA EM POLÍTICAS DE SAÚDE: UM COMPARATIVO ENTRE O SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE E O NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE
Este estudo tem como propósito realizar uma análise comparativa entre as políticas públicas de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no Brasil, e do National Health Service (NHS), no Reino Unido. A intenção é identificar os aprendizados que cada sistema pode extrair das respectivas experiências em governança, liderança e operação, com vistas ao fortalecimento institucional e à melhoria da gestão em saúde. Para fundamentar teoricamente a análise das governanças em saúde pública, foram descritas três abordagens centrais: a abordagem colaborativa, a abordagem em redes e a abordagem interfederativa, compondo um arcabouço teórico que sustenta a investigação. Os dados foram tratados por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, permitindo a formulação de inferências interpretativas e reflexões críticas sobre experiências internacionais de gestão em saúde. Os resultados evidenciam que os sistemas analisados apresentam modelos de governança significativamente distintos. Essa diferenciação possibilitou a identificação de múltiplas oportunidades de aprimoramento e de intercâmbio de boas práticas entre os dois sistemas. As implicações teóricas e práticas desta investigação são amplas, considerando as especificidades e potencialidades dos modelos de governança adotados nos países estudados. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar práticas e decisões no campo das políticas públicas de saúde.
MANEJO MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NO AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR
O manejo de pacientes com doenças crônicas no ambiente hospitalar constitui um desafio crescente para os sistemas de saúde, especialmente diante da complexidade clínica, da multimorbidade e da necessidade de cuidados contínuos. Nesse contexto, o trabalho multiprofissional tem sido apontado como estratégia fundamental para qualificar a assistência e reduzir a fragmentação do cuidado. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas sobre o manejo multiprofissional de pacientes com doenças crônicas no ambiente hospitalar, com foco nos impactos sobre a continuidade do cuidado, a adesão terapêutica e os desfechos clínicos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA 2020. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e Web of Science, contemplando estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2026. Os resultados evidenciam que o manejo multiprofissional favorece a coordenação das ações assistenciais, o fortalecimento da continuidade do cuidado e o engajamento do paciente no tratamento, além de contribuir para a qualificação do percurso assistencial e dos desfechos clínicos. Conclui-se que a atuação multiprofissional estruturada no ambiente hospitalar representa uma estratégia essencial para o cuidado de pacientes com doenças crônicas, demandando investimentos institucionais em modelos organizacionais integrados e práticas colaborativas baseadas em evidências.
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR PROMOTING AND INCENTIVISING INVESTMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PROVISIONS OF COMMERCIAL AND CIVIL LAW IN ALIGNMENT WITH OMAN VISION 2040
The Sultanate of Oman, like many other countries around the globe, has seen the importance of investment grow substantially over the years. Most countries have constructed constitutional, administrative, and commercial frameworks around investment and its related issues such as public infrastructure, public monies and public mechanism, the protection of private and public assets, and the issuing of limited government contracts and investment authorizations over public assets. This research sought to identify the issues surrounding the area of investment in the Sultanate of Oman, on both a micro and macro level. This research also sought to determine the extent and sufficiency of the Omani legal framework as it pertains to investments and its alignment to the Oman Vision 2040, in order to provide greater insight on the scope of public authority and discretion to enter into investment agreements and the public authority to amend such agreements. This study used a descriptive and comparative analytical approach to assess Omani constitutional and commercial legislation in order to assess the extent to which the legislation provides an adequate and comprehensive legal framework to the investments of a domestic and foreign character. In order to prove our point, which is the aim of obtaining such awards, is that the investment must be confined to a jurisdiction where there is a legal framework that defends the rights of both the contracting party and the state awarding the concession and there are legal provisions that reasonably regulate the aforementioned rights of both parties. Hence this research will address the notion and the essence of investment both domestic and international, in order to explicate its legal qualification and the applicable legal provisions and the implications of such provisions on the parties. This justification will be accomplished in two principal parts.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND WOMEN’S SRHR LAW: BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING
This study maps peer-reviewed research at the intersection of climate change (and climate-related hazards), women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR)/maternal health, and law–policy–rights–governance framing. Records were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science and processed in R using bibliometric routines (Biblioshiny). After database-level filtering, dataset merging, and deduplication, a journal-aligned eligibility screening was applied to retain publications that jointly addressed climate-related exposure and women’s SRHR/maternal health with an explicit governance or rights dimension. The final corpus (n = 400; 2002–2025) was analyzed through annual production trends, source and author productivity, country outputs and collaboration patterns, global citation performance, and conceptual structures based on indexed terms and keyword co-occurrence. Results indicate a sharp acceleration in annual production after 2018 and a dispersed publication landscape across journals and authors. Country production is concentrated in a small set of high-output countries, with international co-authorship links spanning multiple regions. Thematic patterns cluster around pregnancy/women-focused health descriptors, climate and vulnerability terms, and biomedical mechanisms. The discussion situates the field as being in a growth and diversification stage and outlines implications for environmental law and rights-based climate governance.
PROGRAM GOVERNANCE AND DEPLOYMENT CHALLENGES OF FTTH AND 5G BACKHAUL NETWORKS IN SAUDI SMART CITIES: EVIDENCE FROM RIYADH AND NEOM
The accelerated advancement of digital communication systems has emerged as a major trigger in developing smart cities across various parts of the globe. The programs of digital transformation in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as developing cognitive cities in NEOM, demonstrate a strong commitment towards developing futuristic communication systems in line with. The underlying foundation of such programs centers upon FTTH, 5G backhaul, along with overall IoT communication systems, as part of such smart city frameworks. This paper refers to the technological foundation as well as the strategic significance of the integration between the technologies of FTTx, 5G backhaul networks, and IoT connections, in the developing Smart City environment in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it looks into the infrastructural options related to the technological platform: FTTx access network, wireless backhaul network, as well as IoT communication protocols connecting massive devices. Architectural paradigms to transfer data among IoT devices, network cores, and cloud computing platforms. It talks about the main use cases associated with intelligent cities. It covers important use cases for smart cities, intelligent transportation management, energy management for the city itself, public safety management for citizens, healthcare management for citizens, and environmental sustainability within the city. Apart from this, the paper also covers the economy and the regulatory framework through discussions on relevant partnerships between the government and private organizations, national broadband plans, and the use of the radio frequency spectrum for further enabling the city's overall digitization.It also critically discusses challenges it might face in terms of scalability, security, data privacy, and long-term sustainability, through mitigation techniques that include network slicing, edge computing, and security in the Internet of Things. Finally, this paper aims to illustrate and discuss how the well-planned deployment of FTTH, 5G, and IoT technologies in Saudi Arabia will give an impetus to the development of data-oriented and sustainable smart cities to take the leadership position in the world.
THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES DURING AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (2020–2025)
This study examines how the right to education for students with disabilities has been addressed in international scholarship during and after the COVID-19 pandemic by mapping research trends and concepts. Relevant English-language articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved and analyzed using Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny for performance indicators and science-mapping techniques. Results reveal that publication output intensified during the pandemic period and was highly concentrated in a single specialized journal, while cited sources were dispersed across education, educational technology, special education, psychology, and health-related fields. A small set of authors and documents constituted a conceptual core in an otherwise fragmented knowledge base. Thematic analyses reveal that discussions clustered around digital and distance learning, accessibility, inclusive education, mental health, and support services, with a later shift toward higher education and specific student groups. Interpreted through the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability framework, these patterns point to systemic vulnerabilities in the continuity of services, digital and informational access, educational quality, psychosocial wellbeing, and the provision of individualized supports. Overall, this study provides a thematic map of this emerging field through a rights-based lens for future research and policy debates.
APLICATIVO DE MATEMÁTICA COM ESTRATÉGIAS METACOGNITIVAS DE LEITURA
Neste artigo, é apresentado um aplicativo de Realidade Aumentada denominado “AlgebrAR”, desenvolvido para o apoio ao ensino e aprendizado da Álgebra. É apresentada uma avaliação do aplicativo em relação ao uso das estratégias metacognitivas de leitura para uma interação entre a linguagem matemática, língua materna e linguagem semiótica no ensino e aprendizado da Álgebra. Os resultados da avaliação, levada a efeito com vinte e quatro discentes do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da Rede Estadual de Pernambuco, apontaram que o uso de estratégias metacognitivas presentes no aplicativo podem trazer contribuições para o ensino e aprendizado da Álgebra e que o aplicativo pode contribuir para aumentar a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos no âmbito da temática.
Nadia Pereira da Silva Gonçalves de Azevedo
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LANDSLIDE DISASTER MITIGATION: EXAMINING IMPLEMENTATION AND BENEFIT DISTRIBUTION IN MAKALE SUBDISTRICT, TANA TORAJA REGENCY, INDONESIA
This study examines community participation in landslide disaster mitigation in mountainous areas, focusing on two key dimensions: participation in implementation and participation in benefits. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven purposively selected informants, including disaster management agency officials, village leaders, and community members residing in landslide-prone areas, supplemented by field observations and document analysis. The research applies Cohen and Uphoff's (1980) participation framework, specifically analyzing participation in implementation through resource contribution, administrative and coordination involvement, and program enrollment, as well as participation in benefits through material, social, and personal dimensions. Findings reveal that communities demonstrate high levels of resource mobilization rooted in indigenous mutual cooperation values, engaging actively in emergency response, infrastructure rehabilitation, and environmental maintenance activities. Administrative and coordination mechanisms function through tiered reporting systems utilizing both digital and conventional communication channels, though constrained by infrastructure limitations and predominantly reactive rather than proactive approaches. Program enrollment remains largely top-down, with limited formal mechanisms for bottom-up community-initiated proposals. Communities receive comprehensive material benefits including emergency aid and housing relocation, substantial social benefits manifested through strengthened cohesion and collective action capacity, and personal benefits encompassing basic knowledge and improved well-being, though technical capacity remains limited due to absence of practical training. The study identifies critical gaps between responsive-curative interventions and preventive-educational programs, underscoring the necessity for transitioning toward community-driven disaster risk reduction through institutionalized participatory mechanisms, hybrid communication systems, experiential capacity building, and supportive regulatory frameworks to build sustainable disaster resilience in vulnerable communities.
BRIDGING THE ALGORITHMIC ABYSS: RECONCILING RIGOUR AND RELEVANCE IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI
Despite decades of scholarly attention dedicated to closing the rigour-relevance gap—the persistent divide between methodologically sound academic research and its practical utility—this challenge remains a fundamental hurdle in fields striving for both scientific excellence and societal impact. Historically, the academic imperative for rigour often led to inaccessible findings, while the practical need for relevance prioritized speed over robust methodology. However, the rapid emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Generative AI (GenAI) now introduces a critical, transformative dimension to this long-standing dilemma. While AI offers tools that could dramatically enhance rigour through large-scale analysis, this potential is threatened by an Algorithmic Abyss characterized by Black Box models and data bias that jeopardize methodological integrity. Furthermore, while AI can act as a communication layer to translate findings for practitioners, the pace of AI development is relentlessly faster than traditional publication cycles, creating a severe risk of academic obsolescence. This paper addresses the lack of a contemporary framework to reconcile these imperatives within an environment defined by rapid technological evolution. By investigating the net effect of AI on the rigour-relevance relationship, the study explores how academic-practitioner partnerships must evolve to co-create knowledge and maintain scientific integrity in the algorithmic era.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN RESTAURANTS ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY
The aim of the research is to determine the effect of green restaurants on consumer preferences in the context of sustainability. In this context, participants from different destinations in Türkiye were tried to be reached and their opinions were determined through the prepared survey form. A total of 399 surveys were collected by using the convenience sampling method in the data collection process. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program. As a result of the analyses; it was determined that green restaurants affect consumer preferences in terms of environmental sensitivity, preference and recommendation, and local product menu design. In addition, significant differences were determined between the demographic characteristics of the research participants; gender, age, education level, monthly income, and frequency of eating out variables and the research dimensions. Theoretical and practical contributions were presented within the framework of the findings and analysis results obtained as a result of the research; some suggestions were presented for the sector and future research.
DERECHO AMBIENTAL EN EL MERCOSUR: CAMBIOS CLIMÁTICOS Y GESTIÓN DEL AGUA EN ARGENTINA
El derecho ambiental en el Mercosur es un componente estratégico para promover un modelo de desarrollo sustentable que contemple la integración económica y la preservación de los recursos naturales compartidos entre los países miembros frente a las crisis climáticas que enfrentamos actualmente. Este artículo busca analizar la integración regional en el Mercosur desde la perspectiva del derecho ambiental, con foco en el cambio climático y la gestión de los recursos hídricos en Argentina. Así, para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, es necesario analizar el Derecho Ambiental dentro del ámbito del Mercosur, es decir, reconocer sus avances, desafíos y oportunidades. Además, verificar los marcos regulatorios disponibles en este contexto y las principales medidas legales adoptadas actualmente. Y, por último, comprobar la importancia y necesidad de la gestión de riesgos medioambientales mientras tanto. La investigación busca ofrecer caminos y reflexiones para fortalecer la gobernanza ambiental regional, y la creación de mecanismos vinculantes para la aplicación de estándares con el fin de garantizar la resiliencia ambiental y económica en la región. La metodología adoptada para alcanzar los objetivos propostos fue de carácter descriptivo-interpretativo, basada en fuentes doctrinales, legislación nacional e internacional.
WHY DO INTERNATIONAL PATIENTS COME BACK? AN S-O-R EXPLANATION OF SERVICE QUALITY, TRUST, AND SATISFACTION IN SAUDI HOSPITALS
Medical tourism has become an increasingly competitive global industry, prompting healthcare destinations to focus on service excellence and long-term patient retention. Using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, this study examined how service quality (stimulus) affects revisit intentions in Saudi hospitals, with patient satisfaction and trust as organism factors. Service quality is defined as a second-order construct comprising key aspects of healthcare service delivery. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected from international patients in Saudi hospitals, yielding 220 samples. The model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that service quality has a strong, significant positive impact on both patient satisfaction and trust. Although satisfaction positively influences revisit intention, trust has an even greater effect, highlighting its vital role in shaping patients’ future behaviors in healthcare settings with high perceived risk. The findings confirm the SOR-based mechanism in which service quality serves as a core stimulus, influencing patients’ internal evaluations and subsequent willingness to revisit. This research contributes to the healthcare and medical tourism literature by empirically validating a comprehensive SOR-based model and emphasizing the importance of trust in maintaining patient relationships. In practice, these insights are valuable for healthcare policymakers and hospital managers in Saudi Arabia, especially in light of Saudi Vision 2030, by highlighting the need to improve service quality and to build trust to enhance patient loyalty and international competitiveness.
TRANSFORMING ENTREPRENEURIAL RESOURCES INTO PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Social businesses provide market-based mechanisms to address social challenges, particularly in developing economies where entrepreneurship is promoted as a tool for poverty alleviation. Type II social businesses operate by optimising available resources to enable marginalised individuals to run micro-scale enterprises that fulfil their socially defined needs. This study examines how internal resources at the individual level namely entrepreneurial competencies, digital technology application, attitudes, religiosity, and capital availability influence the performance of Type II social businesses through organisational-level internal resources that are appropriate to micro-scale enterprises, specifically Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and entrepreneurial behaviours (EB). Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study conceptualises IEO and EB as organisational mechanisms through which individual-level resources are transformed into financial and non-financial performance outcomes within the context of Type II social businesses. Data were collected through surveys from participants in one of the zakat-based entrepreneurship programmes in Malaysia and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that IEO and EB significantly enhance non-financial performance, while financial performance is only weakly influenced. Entrepreneurial competencies indirectly affect non-financial outcomes through IEO, whereas religiosity shapes non-financial performance through EB. These results highlight that marginalised entrepreneurs leverage individual-level intangible resources through simple yet effective organisational practices to achieve meaningful socio-economic outcomes, prioritising non-financial indicators such as self-esteem and self-actualisation over financial gains. This study contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by extending the RBV to account for multi-level internal resources in marginalised micro-enterprise and poverty alleviation contexts.
EVALUATION OF GASTRONOMY TOURISM POTENTIAL OF SAKARYA PROVINCE WITHIN THE SCOPE OF SUSTAINABILITY
The aim of the study is to determine the gastronomy tourism potential of Sakarya province within the scope of sustainability. In order to determine the contribution of gastronomy tourism to the tourism potential of Sakarya province in a sustainable manner and to ensure its efficient contribution to the tourism activities of the province, it is aimed in the study to examine the thoughts and attitudes of the stakeholders involved in the tourism of Sakarya province regarding gastronomy tourism. Qualitative research method is used in the research to analyze the answers to the questions in depth and to have an idea about the perceptions, experiences, behaviors and attitudes of the participants. Within the scope of the research, interviews (semi-structured) were conducted with 15 participants (public and private sector) who are stakeholders of tourism in Sakarya province by using qualitative research method. In the study, a six-question interview form was used within the scope of the semi-structured interview technique. According to the findings, while associating gastronomy and gastronomy tourism with food, beverage, food culture, food science and local food, it is stated that gastronomy tourism has taken its place in tourism activities as a new type. All participants have knowledge about gastronomy and agree on the effectiveness of gastronomy tourism as a new type. The participants stated that the food establishments operating in Sakarya do not have local flavors in their menus due to the low demand, and that there are more standard foods. It has been understood that there are no local flavors in the menus of food establishments operating in Sakarya due to the low demand, but rather standard foods. It has been concluded that it is important in terms of gastronomy tourism to organize festivals in Sakarya province where gastronomy-related values will be highlighted and to ensure the national promotion of Sakarya local products. Although Sakarya province has many different values in gastronomy tourism, it has been determined that it is not at a sufficient level in terms of gastronomy tourism and suggestions have been made to overcome this deficiency and to create a sustainable gastronomy tourism.
THE PRAGMATICS OF NOSTALGIA IN JULIAN BARNES' ARTHUR & GEORGE
This study investigates the role of nostalgia in Julian Barnes' Arthur & George, examining its impact on character development and narrative structure. The novel intertwines the lives of Arthur Conan Doyle and George Edalji, using nostalgia to explore themes of identity, memory, and societal context. By analyzing key passages, this research reveals how nostalgia shapes the characters' motivations and perceptions, particularly in their pursuits of justice and belonging. Arthur's idealized recollections of the past inspire him to support George, whose experiences highlight the complexities of racial and social identity in early 20th-century England. This dynamic between personal and collective memory emphasizes nostalgia's broader historical implications, illustrating its influence on individual experiences and societal narratives. Additionally, the paper discusses how readers engage with nostalgia, showcasing Barnes' ability to prompt reflections on their own memories and identities. Ultimately, this analysis highlights nostalgia as a significant pragmatic force within the novel, providing insights into the intricacies of human emotion and the construction of historical consciousness. By exploring these themes, the study enhances the understanding of the thematic depth in Barnes' work and the wider implications of nostalgia in literature. Through its exploration of these elements, the research contributes to a richer comprehension of how nostalgia shapes narrative and character in Arthur & George.
ENHANCING CRITICAL WRITING THROUGH TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED FLIPPED CLASSROOMS IN INDONESIAN EFL EDUCATION
This study quantitatively assesses the effectiveness of an e-learning-integrated flipped classroom model in developing critical writing skills among Indonesian senior high school EFL learners. Using a one-group pre-test/post-test design with 48 eleventh-grade students, data were collected through a validated critical writing test (argumentative essay rubric) and analyzed in SPSS Version 25 with paired-sample t-tests (α = .05) and Cohen’s d. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in writing scores, with the mean increasing from 65.04 (Fair) to 87.46 (Excellent), particularly in argument development, evidence use, and coherence. The study contributes original empirical evidence from an Indonesian public high school context, demonstrating how structured e-learning platform integration enhances flipped classrooms as a tool for advancing higher-order writing skills in under-researched EFL settings.
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AS SOFT LAW IN FISCAL REGULATION: THE LEGAL TRANSPOSITION OF IPSAS 23 INTO VIETNAM’S STATE BUDGET REVENUE FRAMEWORK
International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) have increasingly influenced domestic fiscal regulation, particularly in countries undertaking public financial management reforms. Among these standards, IPSAS 23 on revenue from non-exchange transactions plays a central role in shaping the legal and accounting treatment of taxes, fees, charges, fines, and compulsory transfers—core components of state budget revenue. This article examines IPSAS 23 from a public law and fiscal policy perspective, focusing on its legal transposition into Vietnam’s state budget revenue framework through the promulgation of national public sector accounting standards (VPSAS). Using doctrinal legal analysis and normative comparison, the study analyses key legal concepts underpinning IPSAS 23, including statutory authority, enforceable claims, present obligations, and the principle of non-reciprocity, and evaluates their compatibility with Vietnamese tax and budgetary law. The findings indicate that IPSAS 23 is largely consistent with the legal nature of non-exchange revenues under Vietnamese public law, while also revealing areas where clearer legislative and regulatory guidance is required to ensure legal certainty and coherent application. The article argues that IPSAS 23 functions as a soft law instrument that complements domestic fiscal regulation and offers policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen the lawful integration of international accounting standards into national public finance systems.
A MULTI-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF AI-RELATED CAPABILITIES AND NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN CHINESE E-COMMERCE SMES: EVIDENCE FROM SICHUAN PROVINCE
This study examines how five AI-related capability domains—AI technological advantage, AI organizational infrastructure, environmental pressure, AI innovation capability, and AI market responsiveness—shape the non-financial performance of e-commerce small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sichuan Province, China. Integrating the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework with Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study argues that structural readiness and adaptive capabilities jointly determine whether AI use translates into customer-facing and market-facing outcomes beyond financial metrics. We further propose government policy support as a contextual moderator capturing within-province heterogeneity in access to digital infrastructure, training, and innovation platforms. The paper develops a parsimonious hypothesis model, details construct operationalization, and specifies an empirical strategy using survey data and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with robustness checks via OLS regression and subgroup comparisons. Non-financial performance is operationalized through customer satisfaction, brand value and reputation, market adaptability, and platform visibility. The study contributes a capability-oriented account of inclusive, policy-sensitive digital transformation among resource-constrained inland SMEs and provides a results-reporting template aligned with Scopus-indexed journal expectations.
TOWARD A PUBLICATION ETHICS STANDARDS SYSTEM FOR VIETNAMESE SCHOLARLY JOURNALS: A STAKEHOLDER–ARTIFACT INTERACTION FRAMEWORK, MODULAR TAXONOMY, AND VALIDATION PROTOCOL
Publication ethics has become a practical infrastructure requirement for journals rather than a purely normative aspiration. Yet many scholarly journal ecosystems—particularly those dominated by university- and institute-based titles with lean editorial staffing—face an implementation gap: international guidance is widely available, while locally operational policy architectures are uneven and difficult to maintain under rapid digitalization and AI- assisted writing and reviewing. This paper proposes VPESS (Vietnam Publication Ethics Standards System), a modular standards blueprint designed for Vietnamese scholarly journals but transferable to similar contexts. The study adopts a design-science orientation and develops VPESS through: (i) a stakeholder–artifact interaction model that locates ethical risks at concrete workflow events, (ii) a normative synthesis of internationally used ethics benchmarks and publisher policies, and (iii) an operational “element engineering” step that translates principles into auditable requirements linked to evidence artifacts and escalation pathways. VPESS v1.0 comprises three modules (Authors, Editors, Reviewers), 27 themes, and 81 implementable elements, each tagged as core or advanced to support capacity-sensitive adoption. Beyond the taxonomy, we contribute an evaluation layer— two lightweight indices for policy coverage and workflow readiness—and a Delphi-based validation protocol for consensus calibration and iterative updating. The framework is positioned as a versioned community resource that can remain extensible as norms evolve (e.g., around AI tools and bilingual/translation publication practices), while improving interoperability with global publishing expectations.
RESEARCH ON THE ASSETIZATION EVALUATION MECHANISM FOR DIGITAL RESOURCES OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE
Driven by both the digital economy and cultural digitalization strategies, digital resources have become core assets of cultural institutions. This study takes Guizhou Province as a case, focusing on the construction and practice of an evaluation mechanism for the assetization of cultural institutions’ digital resources. Using literature review, case analysis, and quantitative modeling, the study systematically reviews concepts and theories of digital assets and assessment, and incorporates Guizhou’s characteristic resources such as revolutionary (red) culture and ethnic intangible heritage. Distinct evaluation models were designed for commercial and non-commercial cultural institutions: a multi-period excess earnings method for the former and an adjusted cost method for the latter; the “Red Ribbon” Digital Art Museum and the Guizhou Provincial Library were selected as representative cases for empirical validation. Results indicate that the proposed evaluation mechanism can effectively identify the potential economic value and social effectiveness of digital resources, providing a scientific basis for resource optimization and sustainable operation. Policy recommendations are offered to strengthen legal standards, enhance technical support, and cultivate a market ecosystem, thereby promoting the shift of Guizhou’s cultural digital resources from "resource custody" to "asset operation" and offering reference for regional cultural digitalization across China.
SOCIAL COHESION OF SOCIETY: SOCIO-CULTURAL PROJECTIONS
Our study focuses on the issue of sociocultural projections of social cohesion in society. The methodology involved a comprehensive application of theoretical methods, including analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, and theoretical modeling, as well as ontological and epistemological perspectives to identify sociocultural projections of social cohesion. Key principles underpinning the architecture of social cohesion during wartime were identified, including sociocultural integrity, homogeneity and heterogeneity, systemicity, the sociocultural orientation of social processes, the influence of natural and artificial sociocultural factors, and the intersubjectivity of sociocultural reality. A model of social cohesion in society has been constructed. The results of the study demonstrate that a sociocultural approach to social cohesion allows it to be defined as a state of dynamic unification of society to address pressing issues. It is shown that social cohesion, as a guiding idea for preserving statehood, unfolds amid profound transformations of the sociocultural foundations of societal life – both social and cultural. It is determined that social cohesion emerges as a result of actions within the sociocultural environment, as interactions and mutual influences among societal actors, both horizontally and vertically, are mediated by the sociocultural environment, while societal actors, in turn, influence the content of the sociocultural environment.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN STRATEGIC ORIENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION TRADE IN GUANGDONG UNDER WTO FRAMEWORK. A LITERATURE REVIEW
This study explores the role of digital technology on the relationship between strategic orientation and international trade performance, focusing on construction enterprises in Guangdong Province under the WTO framework. While market orientation, innovation orientation, and learning orientation are key drivers of trade success, digital transformation significantly enhances their impact by streamlining operations, improving regulatory compliance, and optimizing supply chains. However, slow adoption of digital tools due to financial constraints, cybersecurity concerns, and inconsistent WTO digital trade policies pose challenges for construction firms. The research utilizes a Systematic Literature Review following PRISMA to integrate findings from twenty peer-reviewed investigations regarding digital transformation along with strategic orientation in the construction trade. This study integrates the theoretical underpinning of the resource-based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) to explain how digital resources serve as strategic assets and dynamic enablers of trade performance. The systematic literature findings suggest that harmonized digital trade regulations and industry-wide digital adoption initiatives are necessary to improve global competitiveness. Future research should explore longitudinal studies and sector-specific digital policy frameworks to enhance the technological adaptability of construction enterprises in international trade.
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Contemporary environmental law is deeply embedded in economic theory, particularly in the analysis of market failures, welfare optimization, and institutional design. This study examines the economic foundations of environmental law through a theoretical and analytical framework grounded in the law-and-economics tradition and institutional economics. Rather than relying on empirical data or econometric estimation, the paper adopts a conceptual approach that classifies environmental problems according to well-established categories of market failure, including negative externalities, public goods, common-pool resources, and non-market values. Building on this classification, the study evaluates the principal regulatory instruments of environmental law—command-and-control regulation, Pigouvian taxes, tradable permit systems, subsidies, and deposit-refund schemes—by examining their theoretical efficiency, incentive structures, distributional implications, and dynamic effects on innovation. Particular attention is devoted to the role of institutions and governance, emphasizing property-rights allocation, regulatory credibility, and policy stability as critical determinants of regulatory effectiveness. The analysis is complemented by conceptual visual frameworks that synthesize the alignment between economic problem structures and legal instruments. The research argues that environmental law is best understood as a hybrid system in which economic logic, legal normativity, and institutional constraints interact. Its contribution lies in offering a coherent conceptual framework that integrates economic reasoning into environmental legal analysis, thereby providing a foundation for future empirical research and policy evaluation.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ON TRAINING QUALITY FOR CIVIL SERVANTS
Improving the quality of training and professional development for civil servants is an urgent requirement in the context of administrative reform and building a professional and modern public service in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of training program content and the competence of instructors and trainees participating in training and refresher courses on the quality of civil servant training and professional development. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys of trainees participating in civil servant training and professional development courses and analyzed using quantitative methods with a multiple linear regression model. The validation results show that the research model fully meets the regression assumptions, and there is no multicollinearity or residual autocorrelation. The R² coefficient of determination is 0.654, indicating that the independent variables explain 65.4% of the variation in training and professional development quality. The standardized regression results show that three factors have a positive and statistically significant influence, with the competence of the teaching staff having a stronger influence than trainees and the content of the training and professional development program. Based on these research results, the paper proposes several implications to improve training programs, enhance the competence of lecturers, and enhance the capacity of trainees participating in training and professional development courses, thereby contributing to improving the quality of training and professional development for civil servants in the current period. This article also serves as a valuable reference for public institutions and civil servants.
STRUCTURING THE CONTENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR FUTURE SPECIALISTS ON USING MODERN REHABILITATION TOOLS
Like any other medical field, physiotherapy has changed dramatically over time. Rapid access to healthcare, increased efficiency, consideration of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility, and shorter wait times are all becoming more and more necessary as a result of demographic shifts. As a result, advanced clinical experts who work at a level higher than entry-level for a variety of healthcare professions now require education. The aim of the study is to substantiate the content of the professional training process for future specialists on physical rehabilitation on using advanced rehabilitation tools, within global and Ukrainian context. Based on narrative and integrative review methodology, the study identifies key principles for structuring educational content both in global and Ukrainian perspective: consistency, interactivity, modularity, and adaptability. The role of specialized training courses in physical rehabilitation is emphasized in fostering a health-oriented educational environment. These courses are distinguished by their informativeness, incorporation of current scientific research, diverse conceptual approaches, and innovative perspectives on health-related problems. Additionally, a list of knowledge and competencies expected of university graduates upon completion of the training program is provided in a holistic perspective plane.
USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION IN FORENSIC BIOMECHANICS
The article deals with a criminalistic experiment and the possibility of using computer modeling. The paper describes the current possibilities of using computer simulation and presents the possibility of using it in clarifying versions in the case of a specific crime. A promising method is the Virtual Crash 3 program. This is certified software that was developed for forensic engineering and biomechanical applications. This method makes it possible to simulate situations that cannot be practically realized by a real experiment with a mannequin or a living person. The paper presents one specific example. Computer simulation of human movement can very accurately clarify the probability of individual versions when assessing a person's fall from a height.
ESTABLISHING THE SUSTAINABLE ASSET MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODEL (SAMMM) FOR SAUDI METRO SYSTEMS (ISO 55001-ALIGNED) THROUGH RELIABILITY-COST-CARBON SCORECARDS
In this context, Saudi Arabia metro operators are expected to provide reliable passenger service while keeping lifecycle expenditure under control and concurrently making measurable progress towards national decarbonization targets. This paper presents and elaborates a Sustainable Asset Management Maturity Model (SAMMM) that is tailored for Saudi Arabia metro systems and aligned with the requirements of ISO 55001 for asset management systems. SAMMM goes beyond “conformance” by combining: i) a capability assessment based on ISO clauses, ii) a five-level maturity ladder, and iii) an integrated set of RCC scorecards using MCDA. The proposed approach provides an auditable link between strategic intent, such as the pathways of the Saudi Arabia Green Initiative, and day-to-day asset decisions like maintenance strategies, renewal planning, and procurement. To make the model actionable, the paper defines KPI families, normalization rules, weight elicitation, and governance practices, and a practical implementation roadmap supported by visual management tools such as framework diagram, maturity ladder, and ISO clause radar chart. Riyadh Metro serves here as an illustrative context to demonstrate how SAMMM can structure progress from early-stage data stabilization to predictive maintenance and low-carbon procurement, while concurrently maintaining high reliability.
FROM AWARENESS TO ACTION: THE IMPACT OF SERVICE AWARENESS, CONVENIENCE, FEEDBACK AND USER ENGAGEMENT, AND FIRM SOCIAL COMMUNICATION ON SERVICE USAGE INTENTION IN CHINA’S INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SERVICE MARKET
The international education services industry has increasingly been shaped by globalization and digital transformation, requiring providers to adopt innovative marketing strategies to stay competitive. This study explores the impact of key digital marketing communication factors, Service Awareness, Convenience and Accessibility, Feedback and User Engagement, and Firm-Created social media on Service Usage Intention in China’s international education market. A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected from 304 respondents via a structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to target individuals familiar with international education services, particularly with a single educational company, XYC. The data were analyzed using regression techniques to assess the relationships between the variables. The findings reveal that CAA and FCSM are significant positive predictors of SUI, with FCSM exhibiting the most substantial effect (β = 0.282, p < 0.001). FUE also positively influences SUI, though the effect is weaker (β = 0.125, p < 0.017). However, SA demonstrated only a modest indirect influence on SUI, suggesting that while awareness is important, engagement and accessibility play more critical roles in driving usage intentions. These results underline the importance of improving convenience, accessibility, and engagement strategies to enhance service usage intentions among potential customers. For practitioners, this study highlights the need for enhanced service accessibility, better social media engagement, and interactive feedback mechanisms to strengthen customer intention and improve service adoption. It contributes to the growing body of research on digital marketing in the education sector, particularly focusing on customer engagement and its role in influencing service usage.
UKRAINIAN ART IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGE OF 2014-2025
The publication explores traditional and contemporary art and discourses, contextually generated socio-artistic practices that are currently being produced in Ukraine in the realities of war. The socio-cultural reflection on the modes of existence of war as a phenomenon of physical reality and as a discursive construct that exist simultaneously and are reproduced through material and symbolic (textual) parameters is taken into account. It is noted that reactive and reflexive artistic practices reflect the understanding of the novelty of “war in the city”, which requires the use of urban strategies of resistance. Existential differences in the creation of narratives for different target audiences of both local and global society are determined. The research methodology is based on own objective observation and analytics, which allowed identifying a number of typical artistic practices that were instantly transformed into artistic mobilization strategies of resistance. The conclusions indicate that artistic artivism has once again actualized the issue of the social content of art, the meaning of culture, national language and symbols, mobilizing artists to the processes of modeling current reality and its retranslating. Additionally, the role of museums and other institutions as places of refuge, humanitarian and cultural centers for preserving identity is revealed.
DETERMINING OPTIMAL STRATEGIC PATHS IN PUBLIC COMPANIES
A high level of professional qualification in the public sector requires more efficient use of human resources, which can be achieved through monitoring the number of implemented projects and new investments. Linking reward systems to achieved results represents a key factor in increasing productivity. Public companies are obliged to provide adequate products and services that are accessible to all members of the community, meet their needs, and are offered at affordable prices without discrimination against consumers. The protection of these interests is ensured through price control mechanisms, standardization of the quality of essential goods, and other regulatory measures.
ENERGY DRINKS, CHILDREN’S RIGHTS, AND THE DUTY OF HEALTH PROTECTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES FROM A CONSUMER PROTECTION PERSPECTIVE
The growing consumption of energy drinks among children and adolescents has generated increasing concern regarding health protection and the adequacy of existing regulatory frameworks. This article examines the issue from the perspective of children’s rights and consumer protection, using empirical clinical evidence as a normative foundation for legal analysis. The study draws on pediatric cases involving cardiovascular manifestations associated with energy drink consumption, including supraventricular tachycardia, extreme tachycardia, chest pain, anxiety, and transient hypertension in otherwise healthy minors. The findings reveal recurrent patterns of excessive intake, limited parental awareness, and a widespread misperception of energy drinks as harmless soft beverages, exposing a significant information asymmetry affecting hyper-vulnerable consumers. Grounded in the fundamental right to health, the principle of the integral protection of children and adolescents, and the precautionary principle, the article argues that current regulatory approaches are insufficient to prevent foreseeable health risks. It concludes that the empirical evidence supports the adoption of stricter regulatory measures, such as enhanced labeling requirements, advertising restrictions, and age-based limitations, as a means of fulfilling the State’s positive obligation to protect children from potentially harmful products.
PRUEBAS ESTADÍSTICAS EN INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA QUE NO MUESTRAN NORMALIDAD
Las pruebas estadísticas para determinar las diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre medias, presentan la condición de normalidad en los datos la presente propuesta desarrolla un ejemplo de pruebas que pueden emplear para el análisis de datos que no muestran estos supuestos empleando pruebas que pueden llevar al investigador a cometer un error tipo I, con ello el aborda como las diferentes pruebas empleadas permiten encontrar relaciones, entre variables la prioridad de las pruebas y la secuencia que se debe de seguir para robustecer el análisis estadístico en la investigación educativa. La investigación considera un enfoque cuantitativo siendo un estudio correlación, se ha identifica que la correlación de Rho de Spearman identifica relaciones positivas para cada una de las variables lo que permite fortalecer el análisis de los resultados con cada una de las pruebas estadísticas.
ANCIENT RUTHENIAN ARTISTIC TRADITIONS OF KHOLM IN THE CULTURAL SPACE OF MEDIEVAL CENTRAL EUROPE
The publication is devoted to a cross-analysis of sources in which the ancient Ruthenian city of Kholm, now the county town of Chełm in the Lublin Voivodeship (Poland), appears as a prominent artistic center of medieval Ukraine-Rus at the intersection of Western European and Byzantine cultures. The relevance of the study is associated with the important task of defending cultural values that have long been eroded as inferior or insignificant, or demonstrated to the world only as a peripheral component of northeastern culture. New scientific research by Ukrainian experts in the fields of iconography, archeology, architecture, and art history is presented by the authors to strengthen and update the chronicle history of Princely Kholm and its temples. The authors highlight specific architectural and iconographic features of Kholm monuments and related details in the cities of Ukraine-Rus, Western Europe to illustrate the historical process of the middle of the 13th century. and the little-known artistic life of that era. The article represents a deepening of studies in the domain of Ukrainian national historical and artistic heritage for an adequate understanding of the artistic issues of Princely Kholm of the 13th century in its own historical context.
“DON’T TEACH THAT IT’S TOO INDIGENOUS”: THE MARGINALISATION, SILENCING, AND RESISTANCE OF INDIGENOUS MUSIC IN HIGHER EDUCATION
South Africa’s musical arts and culture have historically faced systemic marginalisation, first under colonial rule and later during apartheid from 1948, when the government dismissed indigenous musical traditions as primitive, ungodly, and lacking artistic merit. Despite political independence in 1994, post-apartheid educational policies have struggled to fully redress these historical imbalances, particularly in higher education, where curricula continue to prioritise Western classical and global popular music. Indigenous music, a vital component of South Africa’s cultural heritage, remains peripheral and often silenced in formal teaching and learning. This systematic review examines the positioning, exclusion, and resistance of indigenous music within South African university curricula, drawing on scholarly literature, policy documents, and empirical studies. Findings highlight the persistent privileging of non-indigenous repertoires, reflecting broader socio-cultural hierarchies and epistemic biases that constrain recognition of local knowledge systems and limit students’ cultural expression. The review further identifies strategies of resistance employed by educators and students, including curriculum adaptation, integration of community-based musical practices, and advocacy for institutional reform. Gaps remain in research, particularly regarding indigenous pedagogies, teaching resources, and assessment practices that affirm cultural identity. By foregrounding marginalisation, silencing, and resistance, this study contributes to debates on decolonising higher education and promoting epistemic diversity in music programs. The review concludes with recommendations for policy, curriculum reform, and professional development, advocating for culturally responsive, inclusive approaches that celebrate South Africa’s unique musical heritage while empowering educators and students alike.
A CRITICAL DISCURSIVE APPRAISAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN NIGERIA AND THE REALITY OF OIL SPILLAGE IN OGONILAND
The Nige Delta issue has been examined from diverse dimensions ranging from ecolinguistics, stylistics, discourse analysis, semantics and economic implications of vandalism and environmental despoliation in the region. As a result of the outcry emanating from government abandonment of the region, several environmental laws have been enacted to safeguard not just the Niger Delta region of Nigeria but also the entire Nigerian landscape. Since the discovery of oil in Oloibiri, the present Bayelsa state in 1956; oil exploration and production in the Niger Delta began in the late 1950s, operations were suspended in Ogoniland in the early 1990s due to disruptions from local public unrest. The oilfields and installations have since largely remained dormant. However, major oil pipelines still cross through Ogoniland and oil spills continue to affect the region, due to a lack of maintenance and vandalism to oil infrastructure and facilities. The policies guiding the Nigerian environment, and oil and gas production is enormous. Nigeria is a signatory to innumerable international agreements and conventions related to environmental sustainability, climate change, the health and safety of its citizens, and the protection of marine waters, fish, and livelihood structures. The regulations aim to reduce the dangers emanating from industrial activities and safeguard the surroundings and well-being. This article sets out to review , appraise and critically examine the existing laws guiding environmental despoliation in the Niger Delta region viz-a-viz the literature that exists on the reality of environmental degradation in Nigeria.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN VIETNAM CUSTOMS MANAGEMENT
Digital transformation in Vietnam's customs management is an inevitable trend aimed at modernizing customs operations, meeting the demands of global economic integration and trade development. The application of digital technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data analytics, electronic management systems, and the national single window connection has helped enhance inspection and supervision efficiency, shorten clearance times, and reduce costs for businesses. Simultaneously, digital transformation contributes to improving risk analysis capacity, detecting fraud, and ensuring correct and sufficient state budget revenue. However, this process also faces numerous challenges, including unsynchronized technological infrastructure, a lack of human resources with digital skills, and high requirements for information security and data protection. The synchronous implementation of digital transformation will be the key to enhancing Vietnam's customs management capacity in today's digital age.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND SOME INDICATORS OF THE MENTAL HEALTH OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION IN WAR CONDITIONS
The article is devoted to studying the relationship between education and the state of the population’s mental health in wartime. Referencing the results of studies conducted by foreign and Ukrainian scientists, the authors note that in EU countries the level of education is associated with the content of work, the nature of employment, professional status and prestige, as well as with the level of wealth. Thus, people with a higher educational attainment have more prestigious jobs and higher incomes, which, firstly, create conditions for well-being and, secondly, provide wide access to mental health resources and professional help. It is emphasized that in Ukraine there is no stable relationship between the level of education, the prestige of work, and the level of wages, and therefore the level of education cannot be considered a determinant of mental health. Instead, involvement in the educational process forms strong social networks and coping skills and can be a resource, increasing the level of psychological and social resilience. The article considers the results of a study conducted by the Department of Sociology and Psychology at Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, devoted to monitoring the mental health of the population of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region during the period of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine (two waves of the study in 2023 and 2024; n = 730 and n = 543, respectively). We conducted a secondary analysis of the second wave data aimed at identifying the relationship between education and mental health indicators. The results of the analysis proved that, in wartime, a high level of education is not a guarantee of mental health. In addition, Ukrainian realities are such that neither the level of education nor the stability of employment determine the level of material security. At the same time, we note that continuous involvement in education does have a positive effect on mental health and is an important factor in the psychological resilience and subjective well-being of participants in the educational process.
DIGITAL TRADE TRANSFORMATION FOR SMES IN ASIA PACIFIC USING THE TECHNOLOGY-ORGANIZATION-ENVIRONMENT FRAMEWORK: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
The explosive nature of digital trade development has changed the concept of international trade by offering companies means of optimising productivity, expanding the market base, and competing in the global market. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are relied upon in the Asia-Pacific region and have multiple issues, namely insufficient investments, lack of digital preparedness, and regulation complexity. The paper under review seeks to identify the issue of digital commerce transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the Asia-Pacific region based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) paradigm. The paper is thorough covering the technical, organisational and environmental forces that are influencing the digital trade transformation of SMEs using the TOE conceptualisation. It provides information that is congruent with the multiple digital settings of Asia-Pacific region in that it encapsulates interaction of internal strengths or capabilities and external situations. In an extensive literature search, data bases were searched on the Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science. The articles published during the last decade and concerning small and medium enterprise (SMEs), digital commerce, and Asia-Pacific region may be viewed as competent. Synthesis and categorisation of results within TOE framework were done in thematic coding and content analysis. It was determined through the study that SMEs need technology changes, institutional preparedness and facilitating environmental aspects to succeed in digital commerce. Nevertheless, a problem arises when the digital infrastructure and regulatory environment are compared between different countries. SMEs must align their operations with the e-commerce agreements of WTO in order to become more competitive internationally. The paper sheds light on the digital trade by putting it in the perspective of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Asia-Pacific region. It integrates the TOE model and international trade practises and provides information to support the use of more policy makers and businesses to improve the digital preparedness and competitiveness of SMEs.
MASS MEDIA AS AN AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SOURCE FOR FARMERS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN: AN EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS ACROSS AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS
This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of mass media as a source of agricultural information for farmers across the agro-ecological regions of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted in five purposively selected agro-ecological zones of the province. Data were collected from 500 randomly selected respondents through face-to-face interviews using an interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the interpretation of data. Respondents across different agro-ecological zones showed significant variation in the use of different mass media information sources. This has been concluded that different mass media information sources serve diverse information needs of farmers. Findings concluded that mass media shows significant effectiveness in various aspects of agricultural development, particularly in increasing farm yield, income, and knowledge, improving farmer confidence, and enhancing linkages with other stakeholders. The role of mass media in enhancing agricultural practices varies significantly by agro-ecological regions. The regression model significantly predicted the effectiveness of mass media information sources (R² = 0.742, p < 0.001), with frequency of use, usefulness, relevancy of information received, and time of usage making statistically significant positive predictors. These findings recommended that there is a need to improve rural digital infrastructure, develop region-specific and accessible content, increase media diversity and frequency, and promote digital literacy among farmers. Additionally, fostering collaboration with agricultural institutions, leveraging mobile platforms, and using a multi-channel communication approach can significantly improve the reach, relevance, and adoption of agricultural information by the farmers.
FRAUD EXCEPTION IN DOCUMENTARY CREDITS UNDER EGYPTIAN AND JORDANIAN LAW
This study examines the fraud exception in documentary credits under Egyptian and Jordanian law, focusing on its role as a limitation to the principle of autonomy that governs letters of credit. Documentary credits are designed to ensure certainty and efficiency in international trade by obligating banks to deal exclusively with documents rather than the underlying transaction. However, allegations of fraud challenge this principle and raise complex legal and procedural questions. The research aims to analyze the legal foundations, scope, and practical application of the fraud exception in both jurisdictions, highlighting similarities and differences in statutory provisions, judicial approaches, and available remedies. Adopting a qualitative doctrinal methodology supported by comparative legal analysis, the study examines relevant commercial and civil legislation, judicial decisions, and international banking rules, particularly the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600). The findings reveal that neither Egyptian nor Jordanian law expressly regulates fraud in documentary credits, leading courts to rely on general principles of fraud, civil law doctrines, and international commercial customs. The study concludes that while both legal systems recognize the necessity of the fraud exception to prevent abuse, the absence of clear statutory regulation results in legal uncertainty. Accordingly, the research proposes interpretive guidelines to enhance legal predictability and balance commercial certainty with fraud prevention.
THE APPLIED NATURE OF THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF A PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT
The study analyzes trends and features of ICT application within experimental pedagogy. Specific attention is paid to metaverse as one of the most innovative applied tools in the organization of pedagogical experiments. Metaverse, a virtual shared area that combines augmented reality and virtual reality technology, is frequently referred to as the "Internet of the future" due to its potential to transform online communication, collaboration, learning, and work. However, despite its potential strategic and economic uses, there is a scarcity of empirical data to support its instructional usefulness. This study examined the impact of Metaverse on teaching and learning by examining its advantages and challenges, describing the case of metaverse application in experimental teaching physics and geometry with the help of both standardized and specifically designed metaverses. This study’s intended contribution is to provide real-life implications to educators and policymakers, particularly in the creation of education policies that align with current technology advancements, so contributing in accomplishing the overall objective of improving scientific education results.
GATS COMMITMENTS AND LIBERALIZATION OF THE SPORTS SERVICE INDUSTRY: WTO COMPLIANCE AND POLICY CHALLENGES
The GATS has brought significant alterations to the liberalization process of the services sector worldwide it encompassing the sports service industry. The sports service industry is the individual who administers and delivers a myriad of services related to professional and amateur sports, and includes event management, athlete training, distribution, arena operations, and overseas service in the entertainment and economic industry. It is essential to realize how GATS commitments arise when focusing on sports services because the sports industry contributes greatly to the world development of the economy, trade liberalization strategies, and facilitation of cross-border services. At this point, researchers have not conducted much research on how the sports service sector fulfills GATS commitments using the procedures of compliance with WTO and policy implementation. This research gap study is relevant in the process of trying to set export policies on sports services that are appropriate to their exclusive nature. The research highlights the novel insights into the different versions of the application of GATS to the countries of the WTO, as well as the discrepancies between the international policy requirements and the national laws. The author attempts to address this research gap using GATS regulations and sports services industries to conduct research into the domestic policy management and compliance with the WTO issues faced by nations. The methodology to be used to analyse documents used in this study is a qualitative approach based on a systematic literature review (SLR). The results demonstrate that the little liberalization of the sports services industry in the GATS principles and tension between the trade requirements and local policy guidelines and different practices of GATS commitment follow-up by WTO members. The findings reveal that governments need to formulate special policies that combine the global market liberalization trends and the nature of the sports services sector in the course of achieving international commitments and national interests.
MAPPING TWO DECADES OF RESEARCH ON SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
This study investigates the state of science education research within the field of special education by conducting a bibliometric analysis of articles indexed in the Web of Science database. Using the keyword “science education,” twenty-eight studies published over the last two decades and focused on special education or disability were identified and examined. The analysis explored publication trends, country and institutional productivity, journal distribution, citation performance, link strength, and the most frequent keywords and abstract terms. Results indicate a marked increase in publication activity after 2020, highlighting a growing scholarly interest in this intersectional field. The United States emerged as the leading contributor, with the University of North Carolina identified as the most productive institution. Intellectual disability was the most frequently used keyword, while student appeared most often in abstracts, reflecting the field’s emphasis on learner-centered approaches. Overall, the findings provide an overview of global research patterns in special education–related science education and offer a foundation for future studies seeking to map emerging themes and research gaps.
ETANOL EN COMBUSTIBLES: DETERMINACIÓN ESPECTROFOTOMÉTRICA EN MODALIDAD CONTINUA VS. VALORACIÓN REDOX DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA VERDE
Los biocombustibles son un recurso cada vez más difundido internacionalmente para el reemplazo parcial de los combustibles fósiles en vehículos con motores de combustión interna. En este trabajo se desarrolla un nuevo método analítico para la determinación del hidrocarburo oxigenado etanol en combustibles fósiles de uso vehicular. A través de una microextracción líquido-líquido dispersiva previamente reportada, el etanol se transfiere de la matriz orgánica hacia fase acuosa, en la que se cuantifica mediante su oxidación con dicromato de potasio en medio ácido; la reacción química se desarrolla en continuo a través de un sistema de inyección en flujo, con detección espectrofotométrica soportada en la reducción del cromo. Finalmente, se comparan dos métodos para la determinación de etanol en fase acuosa en muestras fortificadas de gasolinas y diésel: a) un procedimiento en batch con detección potenciométrica mediante retrovaloración del exceso de dicromato de potasio con sulfato ferroso amoniacal, y b) un procedimiento en continuo por inyección en flujo con detección espectrofotométrica. Se observa que sin bien ambas metodologías arrojan resultados estadísticamente equivalentes, el método en continuo ofrece mayores ventajas por alinearse a los Principios de la Química Analítica Verde.
MILITARY-MARKED ABBREVIATIONS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN MEDIA DISCOURSE
The article comprehensively studies abbreviations, different in terms of their creation and meaning, found in Ukrainian media texts on military topics. Compound abbreviated words are inventoried in terms of derivational features and described in the context of external factors that became a prerequisite for the use of these derived units. It was found that in the information space of the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war, abbreviations function to denote: 1) persons with military professional activities, 2) military units, formations, bodies, etc., the main task of which is reconnaissance operations, countering disinformation, exposing fakes, debunking narratives imposed by Russia, etc.; 3) aircraft and various types of military equipment; 4) artillery systems, guns, other means of detecting and destroying enemy targets; 5) objective actions and processes. Complexly abbreviated linguistic units are characterized with a projection onto syntactic connections, semantic relations and morphological characteristics of words that structure compound compounds. Attention is focused on derivatives that combine only the first or both truncated parts of compound units, as well as sound and letter acronyms, partly accompanied by proper names and digital identifiers. Within the framework of derivative words of the initial variety, graphobarbarisms formed in Latin are considered. It is found that abbreviations perform two functions - nominative-informative and nominative-factological. Among the important features of complexly abbreviated units is their participation in the ability to continue the derivational chain and serve as the basis for the creation of new nominations. The functioning of derivatives of the abbreviation pattern is motivated by the fact that they contribute to the economical use of media space, usually without creating difficulties in understanding the information presented in the heading or article.
THE PRACTICE OF MEDIATION AND NON-LITIGATION IN THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM BETWEEN CHINA AND THE WTO
This paper examines the application of mediation and other non-litigation practices that China applies in its dispute resolution approach in the World Trade Organization (WTO). With the emergence of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as a major trend in global trade governance, China has started to pay greater attention to the importance of mediation as one of the ways to encourage cooperation, avoid confrontation, and enhance the efficiency of trade dispute resolution. The study will review the effectiveness of these practices through analysing their congruency with the Chinese focus on harmony and how they have contributed to the operation of the WTO dispute settlement system. The study relies on the records of WTO cases, Chinese policy documents, and legal scholarship, as the study design consists of a systematic literature review and thematic analysis based on a qualitative research design. The results indicate that ADR system in China is more effective in terms of dispute resolution and it also adds to the diversified and relationship-based WTO system. Such observations indicate the changing nature of mediation in the international trade disputes and suggest larger implications to the future of ADR in the international economic governance.
POST-COVID-19 ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN VIETNAM’S HOUSEHOLD BUSINESSES: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DRIVERS
This study investigates the post-pandemic economic recovery of 534 individual household businesses in Vietnam, examining how internal and external factors influence their recovery outcomes. Specifically, it considers the role of key variables such as business characteristics, management capacity, external support, and the business environment in shaping post-COVID business recovery. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire across various sectors and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS to examine the relationships among these variables. The findings reveal that internal factors significantly influence recovery outcomes; for instance, a business’s scale, sector, and owner experience show strong associations with better post-COVID recovery performance. Strong management capacity particularly sound financial management and adaptability is also critical for overcoming challenges and building resilience. External support, notably government aid and community backing, positively influences recovery, while the broader business environment (e.g., market stability and competition) moderates these effects. Economic recovery among these household businesses is evidenced by increased revenue, higher profitability, and greater business sustainability. Although the study focuses on Vietnam’s household businesses, which may limit generalizability to other contexts, it offers a nuanced view of how internal and external factors collectively drive recovery. These insights provide practical guidance for policymakers and business owners in developing targeted support measures, strengthening management practices, and fostering an enabling environment to ensure a sustainable and resilient post-pandemic recovery.
TOWARDS A SOCIO-CULTURAL RESTORATIVE PEACE EDUCATION (SCRPE) MODEL FOR EAST AFRICA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM FOUR POST-CONFLICT STATES
Peace education is crucial for sustainable peacebuilding in post-conflict states, yet its implementation often lacks coherence with local socio-cultural realities. In East Africa, while various approaches exist, a comprehensive framework integrating psychological, cultural, and justice-oriented dimensions is absent. This study aims to analyze peace education practices in four East African post-conflict states: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Rwanda, and Somalia, proposing an integrated model to address identified systemic gaps. We conducted a comparative qualitative analysis, utilizing a systematic narrative review of secondary sources, including peer-reviewed literature and NGO reports. Data were analyzed thematically, employing a priori codes from three core peacebuilding domains: Social-Emotional Learning (SEL), Indigenous Reconciliation, and Restorative Justice. The analysis reveals distinct yet unbalanced approaches: the DRC focuses on trauma-oriented SEL but lacks cultural elements; Burundi emphasizes Indigenous Reconciliation and community Restorative Justice without formal integration; Rwanda promotes national identity but suppresses grassroots dialogue; Somalia showcases organic integration at the community level, yet struggles with national coordination. Critically, no case demonstrates a balanced integration of all three pillars, creating gaps that limit transformative potential. Based on this analysis, we propose the Socio-Cultural Restorative Peace Education (SCRPE) model as a holistic framework that addresses individual healing, cultural legitimacy, and communal justice. For peace education to foster long-term social transformation in East Africa, policymakers must adopt this integrated, systemic approach.
CONVERGENCE OF FINE AND MUSICAL ART AS A COMPONENT OF CURRENT ARTISTIC PRACTICES (SPECIFICITIES OF DISCOURSE IN THE EU AND UKRAINE)
The article attempts to comprehend contemporary trends in the development and practical embodiment of interdisciplinary and convergence paradigm in fine arts and music. Based on a philosophical perspective and the elements of content analysis, a concept and nature of synergetic arts phenomenon is investigated, in particular, the notion of synesthesia inherent in it. The research shows that aesthetic values and experiences are contextual to activities and can be transformed into other values. The historical evolution of 'painting music' is followed from the nineteenth century to the present. It is also demonstrated that teamwork is essential in the world of artistic expression, bringing together varied abilities and disciplines to create compelling works that appeal with audiences. Collaboration is especially important in the performing arts since it promotes synergy among musicians, actors, dancers, and other performers. Performers combine their talents to bring stories to life on stage, enthralling audiences with compelling performances. Some practical examples of artists’ and galleries’ activities in this vein are considered.
THE TRADE IMPLICATIONS OF SPORTS SPONSORSHIP AND LICENSING UNDER CHINA’S WTO OBLIGATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BEIJING WINTER OLYMPICS
China’s hosting of the 2022 Winter Olympics became a case which involves both international trade obligations and domestic control over sponsorship and licensing in sports. The following study will therefore seek to assess whether China meets WTO requirements about the GATS and TRIPS agreements. Using documentation analysis, the findings from the case studies and official documents, academic and grey journals, stakeholder reports, it is possible to point out how Chinese law works and note the gap between legal regulation on paper and its enforcement. The result reveals that foreign sponsors faced restricted market access, complicated regulations, and prejudice that seemed to favour domestic companies. While China’s laws are compatible with WTO norms, in practice, it violates these principles through non-tariff measures, transparency, and equal treatment. The Major limitation of the study is that it only used secondary data. Future studies should also yield man-on-the-street interviews augmented by comparisons with other host nations of the Olympics.
CRÍTICA AOS ECOMALTHUSIANOS E À NECROPOLÍTICA AMBIENTAL DO NEOLIBERALISMO
O meio ambiente é garantido pela Constituição Brasileira de 1988 como um direito fundamental, independentemente de se estabelecer no Brasil uma concepção formal de Estado Socioambiental, conquanto se trate de condição natural para o fluxo da vida humana. Dessa forma, a partir do conceito de “necropolítica”, desenvolvido por Achille Mbembe, que tem seu corolário na expressão “Necropolítica Ambiental”, neologismo que se ousa consignar e que, por sua vez, induz reflexos e fere de morte, gradativamente, a sustentabilidade ambiental em decorrência das políticas neoliberais de austeridade adotadas no Brasil, exsurge a relevância da análise crítica da teoria do movimento denominado “Ecomalthusianismo”. Destarte, o artigo objetiva analisar e destacar as contradições do “Ecomalthusianismo” e suas correlações com o neoliberalismo e a necropolítica ambiental, bem como a fragilização da garantia constitucional de um Estado Socioambiental, a sustentabilidade ambiental e a necessária correlação entre desenvolvimento e preservação da natureza, considerando as necessidades das presentes e das futuras gerações. A metodologia utilizada foi a indutiva, pautada em pesquisa bibliográfica.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL MODELS AND POLICY FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL FOR SEMICONDUCTOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM
This study conducts a comparative analysis of semiconductor human resource development models in four leading countries—the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China—to propose a policy framework for Vietnam. Employing a Comparative Institutional Analysis (CIA) approach, the research examines the institutional arrangements, funding mechanisms, and industry-academia linkages that have enabled these nations to build competitive semiconductor workforces. The findings reveal three critical policy gaps in Vietnam's current approach: institutional rigidity preventing competitive compensation for industry-experienced faculty, inadequate funding for essential Electronic Design Automation (EDA) infrastructure, and weak quadruple helix linkages among government, universities, research institutions, and industry. Based on these findings, the study proposes a hybrid policy framework combining Taiwan's institutional flexibility with the United States' shared infrastructure model, operationalized through the establishment of the Institute for Semiconductors and Advanced Materials (ISAM) at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. The proposed framework addresses the urgent need to develop 50,000 semiconductor engineers by 2030 as Vietnam positions itself within global semiconductor supply chain restructuring.
CERTAIN LIMITATIONS AND OBSTACLES IN DETERMINING THE TRIAL JURISDICTION OF CRIMINAL CASES INVOLVING FOREIGN ELEMENTS UNDER VIETNAMESE LAW
The article analyzes certain limitations and obstacles in determining the trial jurisdiction of criminal cases involving foreign elements under current Vietnamese law. On the basis of studying the provisions of the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code and relevant legal documents, the article clarifies the legal basis and methods for determining the trial jurisdiction of criminal cases in cases involving foreign elements. Through the method of analyzing legal norms combined with documents, the article points out several inadequacies and legal gaps in the regulations on the trial jurisdiction of criminal cases involving foreign elements. From there, the article proposes a number of recommendations to improve legal regulations and enhance the efficiency of law application in determining the trial jurisdiction of criminal cases involving foreign elements, aiming to meet the requirements of judicial reform and international integration.
THE DILEMMA OF "INSTITUTIONAL HOLLOWING-OUT" IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SAARC AND PEER ORGANIZATIONS
The study explores the lack of structural integrity of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) through the comparative analysis of a document of the most significant legislative and functional frameworks over 1985-2024. The research reviews the guiding documents including the SAARC Charter and SAFTA Agreement, when compared to the Charter of ASEAN and its Economic Community Blueprint and the treaties and institutional policies of the European Union. The analysis of the concept of hollowing-out of institutions can demonstrate the gap that exists between formal institutional mechanisms of the SAARC organization and their practical work. The results indicate that the institutional framework of SAARC is scarce in terms of enforcement mechanism, operational capacity as well as fragmented governance. Conversely, ASEAN has been exhibiting an evolutionary institutionalization, whereas the EU bears witness to an institutionalized stage of political and functional integration. Suggestions made are legal change, increased secretariat independence and reduced political involvement in regional cooperation.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF TURKEY’S APPROACH TO THE PALESTINE–ISRAEL CONFLICT: A MULTIDIMENSİONAL ANALYSIS
This article examines Turkey’s diplomatic approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict through a comprehensive analytical perspective informed by international relations theories. Employing a qualitative methodology that integrates historical–process tracing with contemporary diplomatic practices, the study conducts a document analysis of the historical background of Turkey’s Palestine policy based on academic sources provided by the researcher, while developments in the 2023-2025 period are subjected to content analysis using reliable international news outlets. The theoretical framework interprets Turkey’s foreign policy behavior through the combined lenses of neorealist balance-of-power considerations, liberal institutionalist normative commitments, and constructivist identity-building processes. This three-dimensional theoretical approach demonstrates that Turkey’s diplomatic posture is shaped not only by strategic rationality but also by principles of international law, the norm of a two-state solution, humanitarian diplomacy, and historical–cultural identity factors. The analysis examines Turkey’s foreign policy instruments in the 2023-2025 period discursive positioning, humanitarian aid diplomacy, economic sanctions, and mediation initiatives revealing a multifaceted strategic repertoire at the intersection of structural, institutional, and normative dynamics. This study offers a concise yet insightful contribution that theoretically reframes Turkey’s role in the Palestine issue.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTING WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH LAW AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE: A JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL POLICIES IN CIREBON REGENCY
The protection of women’s reproductive rights constitutes a fundamental dimension of human rights and an integral component of the right to health. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of protecting women’s reproductive rights from the perspective of health law and substantive justice, with particular focus on the implementation of local policies in Cirebon Regency. Employing a normative–empirical juridical approach, this research integrates an examination of positive legal norms (national and regional regulations) with empirical data drawn from the implementation of public policies in practice. The analysis employs the Theory of the Rule of Law (F.J. Stahl and A.V. Dicey), John Rawls’ Theory of Substantive Justice, Hans Nawiasky’s Stufenbau Theory, and Feminist Legal Theory to assess the alignment between legal norms, institutional structures, and the social realities experienced by women. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of reproductive rights protection in Cirebon Regency remains low due to the absence of a specific Regional Regulation (Perda) that comprehensively governs women’s reproductive rights. To enhance effectiveness, regulatory and institutional strengthening is required through the formulation of gender-responsive regional regulations, the integration of gender-responsive budgeting, and the improvement of legal and reproductive literacy among the community. This study underscores that the effectiveness of protecting women’s reproductive rights depends not only on the availability of health policies but also on the extent to which the law can deliver substantive justice for women as autonomous legal subjects within a just legal state.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA’S SPORTS INDUSTRY AND ITS ALIGNMENT WITH WTO E-COMMERCE NEGOTIATIONS: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
This research critically analyzes the digital transformation of the Chinese sports industry within the institutional context of its conformity with the WTO e-commerce regulations. The study focuses on emerging innovations such as e-sports, digital media platforms and artificial intelligence which have contributed to the rapid growth and engagement of the digital economy. Through a systematic literature review of 34 peer-reviewed sources published in the period 2018-2024, this paper looks at the interactions of China's regulatory regime within the international trade regime. Findings show areas of convergence, such as digital intellectual property protection and the use of AI in sports services, and clear divergences around data localisation and digital sovereignty. In addition, some regulatory gaps may affect China's international expansion of digital sports platforms, even if the market is robust. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to improve cross-border data flow governance, harmonize national regulations with WTO principles, and enhance China’s global competitiveness in digital sports. Overall, the study provides industry-specific insights into regulatory coherence and its impact on international digital trade participation.
CONSUMER REVIEW PERCEPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON GENERATION Z ONLINE SPENDING BEHAVIOUR IN MODERN DIGITAL COMMERCE
The rise of digital commerce has transformed decision making among Generation Z, shifting product evaluation from physical inspection toward online review interpretation. This article examines how consumer review perception influences spending behaviour within platforms such as Shopee, Lazada, TikTok Shop and Shein. Through a structured analysis of previous research and thematic expansion, five dominant behavioural determinants were identified, namely authenticity validity, information density, emotional resonance, multimedia representation and algorithm driven visibility. The literature review demonstrated that Generation Z relies heavily on peer generated testimonies and visual proof to reduce uncertainty and assess purchase risk. The Issues and Discussion sections revealed that while reviews enhance trust and guide purchase selection, they also introduce cognitive overload, emotional distortion, credibility manipulation and algorithmic inequality that may mislead decision outcomes. Recommendations for platform operators and scholars emphasize the need for authentication infrastructure, review clustering, emotional neutrality frameworks, visual verification systems and equitable ranking governance. Findings contribute to academic understanding of digital trust formation and provide strategic insight for strengthening review environments to protect future consumer welfare. This study concludes that review perception acts not only as an informational reference but as a psychological mechanism that directly molds Generation Z purchasing confidence, trust durability and market participation.
PERCEPCIÓN DOCENTE SOBRE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA MEDIADA POR INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN CONTEXTOS DE SOBRECARGA LABORAL: ESTUDIO CUANTITATIVO EN EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
Objetivo: Analizar la percepción docente sobre la comprensión lectora mediada por inteligencia artificial en contextos de sobrecarga laboral en instituciones de educación básica. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y correlacional realizado con 150 docentes de educación básica en Pisco, Perú, durante 2025. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos validados mediante juicio de expertos y análisis de confiabilidad: Escala de Sobrecarga Laboral Docente (α=0.92), Cuestionario de Percepción sobre Comprensión Lectora Mediada por IA (α=0.89) y Escala de Actitudes hacia la Tecnología Educativa (α=0.91). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, correlación de Spearman y regresión múltiple con SPSS v.28. Resultados: El 68.7% de docentes reportó sobrecarga laboral alta, con promedios de 52.3 horas semanales de trabajo. Se identificó correlación positiva moderada entre sobrecarga laboral y percepción negativa hacia la IA educativa (rho=0.54, p<0.001). La dimensión "carga administrativa" explicó el 31.2% de la varianza en la resistencia tecnológica. Los docentes con menor sobrecarga mostraron actitudes significativamente más favorables hacia herramientas de IA para comprensión lectora (U=1234.5, p=0.002). Conclusiones: La sobrecarga laboral constituye un predictor significativo de la percepción docente negativa hacia la mediación tecnológica en comprensión lectora. Se requieren políticas institucionales que reduzcan la carga administrativa y fortalezcan la capacitación docente en tecnologías educativas emergentes.
RECONCILING BILATERALISM AND MULTILATERAL NORMS: WTO NON DISCRIMINATION PRINCIPLES AND THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
This paper examines the legal conflicts between China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the important non-discrimination regimes of the World Trade Organization (WTO): the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) and the National Treatment (NT). The bilateral deals that have come with the BRI, as much as they are directed towards developing world-wide infrastructure and trade, have not necessarily contributed to transparency and homogeneity with the result that they have been problematic to the multilateral system that is characterized by the WTO. The qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used to analyse six main academic sources, to detect common legal trends in order to identify common trends over time in literature, such as informality, bilateral asymmetry, and regulatory divergence. Findings denote that the BRI contracts very often meet the provisions of WTO, and very current possibilities of legal congruence appear. Legal predictability within the framework of BRI is able to be achieved to an extent that includes WTO-compatible provisions and dispute settlement mechanisms into BRI templates, which can then enforce policy coherence. In concluding its research, the authors find that simply accepting the status quo of legal innovation and institutional compatibility will help put the BRI in a position compatible and not competitive with multilateral trade governance.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF POSTURE AND BALANCE CHARACTERISTICS ON LOWER EXTREMITY AND CORE STRENGTH RATIOS IN SEDENTARY INDIVIDUALS AGED 30–50 YEARS
Objectıve: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of posture and balance characteristics on lower extremity and core strength ratios in sedentary individuals aged 30–50 years. Methods: A total of 30 sedentary individuals (15 females and 15 males) aged between 30 and 50 years voluntarily participated in the study. Participants with any physical or metabolic disorders or high physical activity levels were excluded. Physical measurements included height, body weight, and body mass index. Dynamic posture was assessed using overhead squat and single-leg squat analyses. Maximal isometric strength of the lower extremity and core region (flexion, extension, and lateral flexion) was measured using Leg-Check and Back-Check devices. Balance performance was evaluated using the Balance-Check system. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26. Independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were applied, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Male participants exhibited significantly greater height, body weight, and body mass index compared to females (p < 0.05), whereas female participants demonstrated significantly higher core strength ratios (p = 0.037). Significant correlations were identified between knee valgus movement and balance performance in both genders. Additionally, notable relationships were observed between postural deviations, balance scores, and strength ratios of the lower extremity and core region. Conclusion: The findings suggest that postural deviations, particularly inward knee movement and excessive lumbar lordosis, may negatively influence balance and lower extremity mechanics in sedentary individuals. These results highlight the importance of postural assessment and targeted strength interventions in sedentary populations.
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER STRESS: ANALYZING THE U.S.-CHINA TARIFF WARS (2018–2024)
This research examines the influence of the tariff war between the U.S. and China (2018–2024) on the working of the World Trade Organisation’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). This study applied the Principles of Systematic Reviews, guided by the PRISMA framework, to examine seven peer-reviewed publications and discover the types of challenges that the WTO encounters. It examines important areas such as the increase in trade tensions, the impact of unilateral tariffs on the DSM and the halt in the system due to the Appellate Body crisis. It appears that the WTO suffered from a lack of trust because of the U.S. and China taking unilateral actions. These actions changed the way disputes are settled, as both nations now negotiate with each other and showed the weaknesses of a system based on agreement among all members. Several themes were identified, including issues with the system, needed reforms, unhappiness on the part of the United States, motives and impacts overseas. The study is significant as it would inform policymakers about the institutional weakness of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism, and the urgent need to change it to make sure that the trading system is stable and rule-based. This study is theorised in terms of Realism and Institutions, which help understand the manner states act in multilateral trade arrangements. It has a weakness in its research because the small sample of peer-reviewed publications underlies it, and the diversity of the possible views of the problem may be underrepresented. Nevertheless, the findings can draw practical lessons on how to build more resilient and credible international trade organisations.
FUTURE TRAJECTORIES OF THE IRAN–ISRAEL BALANCE OF THREAT IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT TRANSFORMATIONS
This study examines the future trajectories of the threat balance between Iran and Israel against the backdrop of contemporary conflict transformations in the Middle East, drawing on the Balance of Threat Theory as an explanatory framework that transcends traditional balance-of-power logic. The study proceeds from the premise that the conflict is managed within a complex engagement environment in which indirect confrontation, multi-arena dynamics, and an expanded role for non-state actors intersect, rendering deterrence and rules of engagement subject to continuous recalibration. It employs two principal drivers: the nature of the American position—whether supportive of Israeli operations or restraining—and the extent to which Iran and Israel resort to direct use of force versus self-restraint. In light of these drivers, the study proposes three plausible trajectories: Equilibrium Stability, based on controlled mutual deterrence; Equilibrium Adjustment, through calculated escalation to recalibrate the threat balance; and Equilibrium Drift toward a broad comprehensive confrontation. The study concludes that Equilibrium Adjustment is the most likely trajectory in the near-to-medium term, while Equilibrium Stability remains contingent on the persistence of escalation brakes, and comprehensive Equilibrium Drift remains a limited but real possibility given the fragility of the regional environment.
ASSESSMENT OF COCOA CROP YIELD UNDER IRRIGATION WITH THREE TYPES OF SPRINKLERS IN FIELD CONDITIONS
Background: Efficient irrigation plays a crucial role in optimizing water use and improving cacao productivity, especially in regions with limited water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different sprinkler types on irrigation efficiency and cacao yield in the Guayaquil-Balzar area of Ecuador. Methods: Three sprinkler models (Brazo Regulador, Banariego 5022, and Senniger) were assessed based on water distribution efficiency, irrigation time, fuel consumption, cost, and productivity outcomes. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated using climatic data to determine the ideal irrigation frequency. Results: The ETc was estimated at 3.4 mm/day, and an irrigation frequency of 7 days was recommended. Among the tested sprinklers, the Brazo Regulador demonstrated the highest water distribution efficiency and lowest irrigation time, resulting in better productivity (224 flowers/tree) and lower operational costs. Banariego 5022 followed closely in terms of productivity (197.25 flowers/tree), while the Senniger, although efficient, had lower flower production and higher operational costs due to fuel consumption. Conclusions: The Brazo Regulador sprinkler was identified as the most effective and economical solution, offering an optimal balance between performance, productivity, and cost for cacao irrigation in the study region.
EFFECT OF DRY NEEDLING WITH AND WITHOUT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN TREATMENT OF LOWER LIMB IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ISCHEMIC STROKE
Lower-limb spasticity after stroke restricts gait and functional independence, and adjunct interventions that reduce hypertonia while modulating segmental excitability may enhance conventional rehabilitation. This assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial tested whether dry needling combined with intramuscular electrical stimulation (DN+ES), integrated within conventional physical therapy (CPT), reduces spasticity, improves lower-limb motor function, and modifies soleus H-reflex indices in adults with chronic ischemic stroke. Sixty-four participants (32 per group) received 6 weeks of treatment (three sessions/week, 60 minutes). The experimental group received DN+ES twice weekly within sessions plus CPT; the control group received CPT only. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The primary outcome was the Modified Ashworth Scale of the index muscle; secondary outcomes included the Fugl–Meyer Assessment–Lower Extremity, soleus Hmax/Mmax ratio, and H-reflex latency. Compared with CPT, DN+ES+CPT produced larger reductions in spasticity and greater improvements in lower-limb motor function, alongside a greater decrease in Hmax/Mmax, while between-group differences in latency were not detected. These findings support DN+ES as a pragmatic adjunct that may improve the treatability of the limb and strengthen the impact of conventional rehabilitation in post-stroke spasticity.
THE HISTORY OF THE SYRIAN CITY OF MANBIJ FROM THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST TO THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the history of the city of Manbij, located in the northeastern part of Aleppo Governorate on the banks of the Euphrates River, which has served across the ages as a prominent cultural, religious, and economic center. The research traces the city’s origins to the Hittite period in the second millennium BCE, highlighting the multiplicity of its names and their transformations under successive ruling powers, as well as its distinctive geographical position that rendered it a strategic hub for trade, agriculture, and military defense. The study further emphasizes Manbij’s religious significance as a sacred city in antiquity, and its military role following the Islamic conquest, when it became one of the most important frontier fortresses of the Islamic state. It also explores the city’s status under the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the Umayyads, and the Abbasids, with particular attention to the architectural and administrative flourishing of the early Abbasid era and the political instability of the later Abbasid period. Moreover, the research examines the incorporation of Manbij into the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in administrative reorganization and remarkable social diversity that fostered a model of coexistence among various ethnic groups. The study concludes that Manbij has historically represented a unique paradigm of cultural, religious, and economic interaction, despite the challenges and conflicts it has faced.
ENSEÑANZA ACTIVA DE LA FILOSOFÍA EN LA ERA DIGITAL: POTENCIAL DE GENIALLY PARA DESARROLLAR COMPETENCIAS CRÍTICAS
Este artículo analiza el potencial de Genially como herramienta de gamificación para la enseñanza de la Filosofía en el contexto educativo ecuatoriano. Mediante una metodología teórico-documental, examina cómo esta plataforma digital puede transformar el aprendizaje de contenidos tradicionalmente teóricos mediante la integración de elementos interactivos como scape rooms, desafíos y recursos multimedia. El estudio identifica las características clave de Genially—accesibilidad, interactividad y versatilidad—como soluciones a desafíos históricos en la educación filosófica, incluida la desmotivación estudiantil y las barreras de abstracción. Los resultados demuestran que las estrategias gamificadas fomentan el pensamiento crítico, la resolución colaborativa de problemas y el razonamiento ético, alineándose con los objetivos del currículo nacional ecuatoriano. Sin embargo, su implementación enfrenta obstáculos como la brecha digital y la insuficiente formación docente. El artículo concluye que Genially, fundamentado pedagógicamente, revitaliza la educación filosófica al vincular el rigor teórico con los estilos de aprendizaje digitales, ofreciendo orientaciones prácticas para educadores e instituciones.
INTELLIGENT STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL FOR ADVANCED FOOD PRODUCTION: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)
Objective: This study demonstrates how applied statistical methods combined with artificial intelligence can enhance production control in food technology by improving product quality, reducing variability, and supporting data-driven industrial decision-making. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in Statistical Process Control (SPC), Shewhart’s classical quality control principles, and Industry 4.0 concepts integrating machine learning into industrial monitoring. Support Vector Machines (SVM), together with Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models, are investigated as intelligent extensions of traditional control-chart-based SPC. Method: Classical Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques based on X̄ and R control charts were integrated with supervised machine learning. Real production data from an industrial filling process producing nominal 80 g “Choco Flips” packages were analyzed. Control limits were analytically derived and implemented in Python. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was trained on 300 samples using multiple kernel functions, with hyperparameter optimization performed via GridSearchCV and model evaluation based on cross-validation and ROC analysis. To assess robustness and comparative performance, additional supervised learning models, including Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), were also evaluated. Results and Discussion SPC analysis revealed intermittent special-cause variation in the X̄ chart, while the R chart indicated generally stable short-term variability. For predictive quality monitoring, the SVM with an RBF kernel achieved the highest and most consistent performance (accuracy ≈ 0.98, ROC AUC ≈ 0.92), confirmed through cross-validation and hyperparameter optimization. Random Forest and MLP models demonstrated comparable predictive accuracy, further validating the robustness of the proposed intelligent SPC framework. Research Implications: The integration of machine learning with SPC enables real-time anomaly detection, automated decision support, and reduced reliance on repetitive manual measurements, while maintaining reliable quality assurance. This real-time, intelligence-based SPC framework is particularly suitable for small and medium-sized food production enterprises seeking scalable and efficient quality-control solutions. Originality/Value: The study presents a practical and scalable intelligent SPC framework that integrates classical control charts with machine learning for predictive, real-time quality monitoring in regulated food production environments.
ESCUELAS SEGURAS Y SALUDABLES COMO BUENA PRÁCTICA DE GESTIÓN PÚBLICA: UN ESTUDIO EN INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS
La seguridad y la salud escolar son determinantes para el desarrollo integral y el éxito académico de los estudiantes. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar cuantitativamente la percepción de directivos, funcionarios y aliados estratégicos sobre las condiciones de seguridad y salud en instituciones educativas públicas de Lima Metropolitana, y su relación con el bienestar y el aprendizaje. Se aplicó un diseño no experimental, transeccional, con una muestra de 150 participantes, utilizando un cuestionario validado por juicio de expertos y con alta confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach > 0.9). Los resultados revelan una correlación positiva y significativa entre la percepción de una infraestructura segura y el bienestar estudiantil (r = 0.68, p < .01), así como entre la prevención de la violencia y la mejora en los resultados de aprendizaje (r = 0.72, p < .01). Se encontraron deficiencias importantes en la infraestructura y una gestión de recursos limitada, aunque se reconocen esfuerzos de articulación intersectorial. Se concluye que la implementación de una política pública nacional para la creación de escuelas seguras y saludables es una condición indispensable para garantizar una educación de calidad y proteger el derecho fundamental de los estudiantes a aprender en un entorno protector.
DIGITAL EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF ADMINISTRATION: FORMATIVE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
This article analyzes, through a theoretical literature review, the contributions of Digital Education and Corporate Education to training in the field of Administration. It discusses continuing education, supervised internships, the integration of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT), and the reorganization of learning environments in response to historical weaknesses in the field. The studies indicate that the use of digital technologies and corporate education practices can strengthen organizational learning and competency development when aligned with intentional pedagogical projects and institutional policies. It is concluded that Digital Education plays an important role in renewing Administration education by integrating formative, organizational, and social dimensions.
CAPACIDADES DINÁMICAS Y VENTAJA COMPETITIVA EN PYMES LATINOAMERICANAS: UN MODELO BASADO EN INNOVACIÓN ORGANIZACIONAL
El presente artículo analiza la relación entre las capacidades dinámicas, la innovación organizacional y la ventaja competitiva en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) de América Latina. Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, se examina un modelo teórico que postula a la innovación organizacional como mediadora en la relación entre las capacidades dinámicas (detección, aprovechamiento y reconfiguración) y la obtención de una ventaja competitiva sostenible. Se aplicó una encuesta a 350 gerentes de PYMES en Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, confirman que las capacidades dinámicas influyen positivamente en la innovación organizacional y que esta, a su vez, es un predictor significativo de la ventaja competitiva. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de que las PYMES latinoamericanas no solo desarrollen la habilidad de adaptarse a los cambios del entorno, sino que también implementen innovaciones en sus estructuras y procesos para transformar esas capacidades en resultados de mercado superiores. El estudio ofrece implicaciones prácticas para los gerentes y recomendaciones para futuras líneas de investigación.
INTEGRATING VR/AR INTO ROBOTIC SURGERY EDUCATION: A MODEL TO ENHANCE UPTAKE IN SAUDI HOSPITALS
There has been a sustained effort to highlight the potential of immersive technologies, such as XR, VR, and AR, to enhance surgical precision and improve accessibility in health and biotechnology from 2020 to 2025. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, 276 documents were retrieved from Web of Science (WoS), and 50 research articles were ultimately included in the study. Despite hard work in a new era of healthcare with even greater potential, further research is required to elucidate the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Adequate health literacy is a significant challenge because it influences relationships between patients and doctors, access, and self-management, all of which are essential for improved health outcomes. The study also identifies recent changes in medical education in a rapidly changing healthcare environment. It then performs a systematic review of current healthcare and training applications of virtual, augmented, and extended reality targeted at improving knowledge, skills, and user engagement. Furthermore, it analyzes how 6 G technologies can support low-latency m-health and VR/AR services and discusses the use of wearables and exoskeletons to minimize ergonomic risks. This work synthesizes the benefits and limitations of immersive technologies, proposes an integrative framework that links 6G, XR, and wearables for safe, practical training and care, and outlines future research directions, particularly for resource-poor settings.
PROPOSING REGULATORY REVISION OF JUDICIAL CAREER MANAGEMENT
The Indonesian judicial system is structured into three powers (executive, legislative, and judicial) following the Trias Politica theory. The Supreme Court and its subordinate courts have two main HR types: judges and registrars. While regulations differentiate their roles, career paths are ambiguous, especially for registrars. Judges can become registrars at the Supreme Court, but registrars from lower courts cannot advance to this level, leading to career stagnation and perceived unfairness. This situation is exacerbated by a shortage of judges, as judges are assigned to registrar roles, further reducing judicial capacity. This study aims to explore the implementation of the current regulation, particularly on how the registrars’ perceptions of this unfairness, and using these to propose revisions to the existing regulation. This study is a qualitative research in order to explore the opinions, and then uses the results to propose a revision towards the current regulation on career management. The results show that most registrars have long tenures but are limited to High Court-level positions, with only judges eligible for Supreme Court registrar roles. Four main themes emerged: need for regulatory revision, judge quantity and quality, meritocracy in career levelling, and the core duties (TUPOKSI) of registrars. This study highly recommends alternatives for revising Article 20 of Law No. 3/2009, allowing registrars, not just judges, to advance to Supreme Court registrar positions, emphasizing relevant experience and skills over judicial background. The study emphasises the fairness and merit-based career paths for registrars, supporting organizational effectiveness and employee motivation in the Indonesian judiciary.
FIRM-CREATED AND USER-GENERATED CONTENT SERVE AS QUALITY SIGNALS: THE CASE OF OCOP PRODUCTS IN VIETNAM
This article examines the role of firm-generated content and user-generated content as quality signals for Vietnam’s OCOP products. Drawing on signaling theory, planned behavior theory, and perceived risk theory, this research investigates how firm-generated content and user-generated content influence perceived quality, perceived sacrifice, and purchase intention for OCOP products. We conduct a survey of 600 university students, using Structural equation modeling (SEM) to analysis; results show that both firm-generated content and user-generated content positively affect perceived quality and purchase intention while reducing perceived sacrifice, confirming their value as effective quality indicators. Furthermore, perceived quality and perceived sacrifice partially mediate the relationships between, firm-generated content, user-generated content and purchase intention. Importantly, Female consumers place greater weight on user-generated content than male consumers. For established brands, firm-generated content has a stronger impact on purchase intention, whereas for emerging brands, user-generated content exerts a more pronounced influence. These findings help managers build effective digital marketing strategies to promote consumers' intention to purchase OCOP products.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE PROBLEMAS MULTIPLICATIVOS QUE CREAN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA EN ESCUELAS CHILENAS
La invención de problemas es una actividad relevante dentro de la experiencia matemática de los estudiantes, además desde el punto de vista de la investigación, es un campo propicio para profundizar en las cualidades de los problemas creados. Asimismo, se constituye como una herramienta que permite al profesor, tener una visión sobre la comprensión de los conceptos y procedimientos matemáticos que tienen los estudiantes. En este trabajo presentamos particularidades respecto del tipo de contexto, tipos de problemas multiplicativos y complejidad matemática de situaciones planteadas por 109 estudiantes de 6° de Educación Primaria. Presentamos resultados del análisis de los enunciados creados por los estudiantes, prevaleciendo aquellos enunciados de tipo proporcionalidad simple multiplicativa, evidenciándose que los estudiantes tienen integrado un solo modelo de problema multiplicativo, siendo necesario promover en las escuelas relaciones multiplicativas en situaciones más complejas como la comparación, producto cartesiano de medida y combinación e igualación.
A DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF TURKIYE’S DEVELOPMENT TRAJECTORY WITHIN THE NEW STRUCTURAL ECONOMICS FRAMEWORK
New Structural Economics (NSE) views development as a process of structural transformation shaped by the interaction of factor endowments, industrial structure, and the facilitating role of the state. From this perspective, development cannot be assessed by growth outcomes alone, but by whether production structures evolve in line with underlying factor conditions. Accordingly, this study analyzes Türkiye’s development trajectory over the 2000–2023 period within a theory-consistent structural framework. The analysis examines the alignment between Türkiye’s evolving factor endowments and its industrial and export structure, together with the role of state institutions in facilitating this process. The study is structured around three interconnected dimensions: factor endowment dynamics, revealed specialization across technological sectors, and the state’s institutional capacity to support structural transformation. The findings reveal a persistent structural misalignment. Despite notable improvements in capital accumulation, higher education, and infrastructure since the late 2000s, industrial specialization has remained concentrated in low- and medium-technology manufacturing. Revealed specialization patterns suggest that growth has largely occurred without sustained industrial upgrading, indicating that Türkiye’s main development constraint lies in the lack of coherence between capabilities, institutions, and strategic orientation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL EXCLUSION, LOW HEDONISTIC EATING HABITS, AND DELIRIUM İN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS
Delirium in older adults can be shaped by their experiences of social isolation and a reduction in pleasure-oriented eating habits. When elderly individuals become disconnected from their social environment, this separation can trigger both psychological and biological changes that influence their overall well-being. The aging process entails multidimensional changes in individuals’ biological, psychological, and social functioning. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between levels of delirium and social exclusion and hedonic eating behaviors among individuals aged 65 years and older. In line with its cross-sectional design, the study avoids causal inferences and addresses the relationships between variables within a descriptive and correlational framework. This study aims to explore how strongly social isolation and reduced pleasure-driven eating behaviors relate to the development of delirium in elderly individuals living in institutional care settings. This descriptive research was carried out in In 2025 Erzincan and involved older individuals living in the 100th Year Atatürk Nursing Home, the Refahiye Elderly Care Center, and the Kemah Nursing Home. Information was gathered through an elderly demographic form along with the Social Exclusion Scale, the Low Hedonistic Eating Habits Scale, and the Delirium Scale. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as independent samples t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analyses, and regression procedures. In this study, a convenience sampling method was employed.
MARMARA OLIVE AGRICULTURAL SALES COOPERATIVES ASSOCIATION SUBSIDIARIES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
In this study, we aimed to reveal the financial liabilities of Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperative and its affiliates and the proportional effect level of the subsidiaries. As it is known, Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Association (MOASCA) has formed a significant range of subsidiaries with other enterprises including insurance brokerage services within its own structure for the purpose of its own increasing capital and being higher its export potential. Together with the increases in the financial investment targets of the Association, this situation created a portfolio of financial liabilities where the increases in the financial debt limits increased further. In the study, the medium- and long-term financial impact level of these dynamics is questioned and the position of the financial investments within the scope of this liabilities of consolidation is emphasized. On the other hand, the recent restructuring of financial debts has also had a capital increase effect on the Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperatives. In this context, the structure of the protocol agreement with Ziraat Bank on loan-debt payments supporting capital increases has been also emphasized. In addition, it appears that the financial position in which trade receivables and payables are questioned in relation to the related parties in recent years have also been shown a meaningful structure especially in terms of Expense Accruals. However, the position of "Wage Debts" in particular is striking in terms of the liabilities provided to employees for this institution. Between 2016 and 2017, there is a decrease in wage arrears paid to employees. It can be said that the decrease in these financial liabilities item does not constitute a striking contribution scale in terms of the effects of the institution on capital increase.
INFLUENCIA DE LA CALIDAD DE GESTIÓN EN LA ACREDITACIÓN DE PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN LA REGIÓN ANDINA
La gestión de la calidad es un pilar fundamental para el fortalecimiento de la educación superior. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la calidad de la gestión en el proceso de acreditación de las escuelas profesionales de educación en universidades de la región andina del Perú. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, transeccional y de tipo causal-explicativo. La muestra consistió en 345 estudiantes universitarios, seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado de una población de 3,400. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado para la recolección de datos, y el análisis se realizó mediante un modelo de regresión lineal simple. Los resultados revelaron que la calidad de la gestión tiene una influencia directa y positiva en el proceso de acreditación (R² = 0.882; p < 0.001). Se concluye que la implementación de sistemas de gestión de la calidad es un factor predictivo significativo para el éxito de los procesos de acreditación universitaria en el contexto estudiado.
ANÁLISIS ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DE LA INFESTACIÓN POR PHORADENDRON VILLOSUM EN BOSQUES DE ENCINOS EN DURANGO
La creciente demanda de uso y cambio de suelo, así como el cambio climático han propiciado el incremento en el parasitismo forestal, como lo es el muérdago verdadero Phoradendron villosum, el cual parasita a encinos (Quercus convallata y Qercues durifolia) presentes en los bosques de Durango, por lo tanto, es necesario fomentar el uso de herramientas que nos permitan identificar la evolución temporal de los bosques de encinos con respecto al ataque de enfermedades. En la presente investigación se utilizaron imágenes satelitales de Sentinel 2 L2A del servidor Copernicus Browser para poder realizar el análisis espacio-temporal y la combinación de índices de vegetación. Para la zona de estudio se identificó un deterioro progresivo en la cobertura vegetal, con una marcada disminución en la densidad y salud de la vegetación entre 2020 y 2023. Encontrando también una correlación entre la actividad antropogénica y el aumento del estrés ambiental, facilitando la dispersión del muérdago y exacerbando el deterioro de la vegetación.
CONSOCIATIONALISM AS A PATHWAY TO RESOLVING THE YEMEN CRISIS: EXPLORING POSSIBILITIES AND CONFRONTING CHALLENGES
The international stage remains characterized by a persistent struggle for hegemony, so wars are inevitable. The conflict emerges through interaction that is characterized by friction and discord resulting from different and irreconcilable interests, and crisis refers to the highest point of a conflict. Crisis, where peace and war meet, most movingly and decisively dramatizes the first characteristic of world politics and furnishes the logical groundwork for the theorizing of that politics. The country possesses long history of religious diversity, regionalism, ethnicity and is currently experiencing a complex set of economic, social, and political challenges. Further, the crisis in Yemen is aggravated by its strategic importance in the Gulf region. Consociationalism is a system of government designed to address conflict and to be shared among diverse ethnic, religious, and linguistic communities in society. This article investigates the potential of consociationalism as a mechanism for marginalization and exclusion on the Yemeni case, and illustrates how trust, absence of functional institutions, and meddling by party’s hostile to the process impede the achievement of consociational democracy in Yemen. This paper examines the issues of applying consociational democracy in a fragmented society with particular reference to Yemen.
GOBIERNO CORPORATIVO Y GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO: EVIDENCIAS PARA ENTORNOS DE ALTA VOLATILIDAD
El presente estudio investiga la relación empírica entre las prácticas de gobierno corporativo y la gestión del riesgo en empresas que operan en mercados de alta volatilidad financiera. Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, se analiza un conjunto de datos de panel compuesto por empresas de mercados desarrollados y emergentes durante un período de dos años (2024-2025). Se emplean métricas de volatilidad histórica y análisis de regresión para evaluar cómo la estructura de gobierno corporativo impacta la capacidad de una empresa para mitigar el riesgo. Los resultados indican que los mercados emergentes exhiben una volatilidad significativamente mayor (36.10%) en comparación con los mercados desarrollados (25.53%), una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0.0167). Se concluye que un gobierno corporativo robusto, caracterizado por una supervisión eficaz y una gestión de riesgos integrada, es un factor determinante para la resiliencia y el desempeño sostenible en entornos macroeconómicos inciertos.
LIDERAZGO ESTRATÉGICO Y DESEMPEÑO CORPORATIVO: ANÁLISIS DE FACTORES CRÍTICOS EN MERCADOS EMERGENTES
El presente estudio investiga la relación entre el liderazgo estratégico y el desempeño corporativo en una muestra de 250 empresas de diversos sectores en mercados emergentes de América Latina. Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, se analiza el impacto de cuatro dimensiones clave del liderazgo estratégico (visión estratégica, toma de decisiones, gestión del cambio y desarrollo organizacional) sobre un índice compuesto de desempeño corporativo que integra indicadores financieros (ROA, ROE, crecimiento de ventas) y no financieros (innovación, satisfacción de empleados). Los resultados, obtenidos a través de análisis de correlación de Pearson y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, revelan una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa (r = 0.711, p < 0.001) entre el liderazgo estratégico y el desempeño corporativo. El modelo de regresión explica el 51.4% de la varianza en el desempeño, destacando la gestión del cambio (β = 0.356) como la dimensión de mayor impacto. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia crítica del liderazgo estratégico para la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las empresas en entornos dinámicos y complejos.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG MICRO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
This study investigates the relationship between organizational commitment and sustained productivity among micro and small business owners. Using a descriptive–correlational research design, data were collected from 152 respondents representing diverse entrepreneurial backgrounds. Descriptive statistics revealed a balanced gender distribution with a slight male majority, while most respondents were young to middle-aged adults managing enterprises less than ten years old. The majority were college-educated and primarily engaged in service and food-related businesses, reflecting contemporary entrepreneurial trends in developing economies. Findings showed high levels of affective commitment, as indicated by mean scores above 3.0 on indicators of pride, loyalty, and emotional attachment, suggesting that respondents remain engaged due to genuine identification with their businesses. Continuance commitment also registered a relatively high overall mean, reflecting a pragmatic “need to stay” influenced by perceived personal costs and limited alternatives. Perceived productivity and quality management practices yielded consistently high mean scores, highlighting strong confidence in resource efficiency, ethical leadership, staff management, and operational quality. Correlational analysis revealed a moderately positive and statistically significant relationship between overall organizational commitment and sustained productivity, indicating that higher commitment is associated with improved long-term performance. The findings contribute to organizational commitment theory by demonstrating the complementary roles of affective and continuance commitment in entrepreneurial settings. Practically, the results underscore the importance of fostering emotional engagement alongside structured quality management systems to enhance productivity, resilience, and competitiveness among small enterprises.
DO AGRICULTURE AND SERVICES DRIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN VIETNAM? EVIDENCE FROM AN ARDL FRAMEWORK
This study analyzes the role of agriculture and service sectors in Vietnam's economic growth using an autoregressive distributed lag model with data from 1990 to 2023. In the context of Vietnam’s economic transition from an agriculture-based economy to industrialization and modernization, which are key national strategic objectives, this research aims to evaluate the critical economic factors influencing this transformation. Variables such as agriculture, services, exports, foreign direct investment, and population are examined to assess their short- and long-term impacts. The findings reveal that agriculture, despite being a traditional economic foundation, has a negative long-term impact owing to its reliance on raw output and lack of modernization, which hinders growth. By contrast, the service sector exhibits a strong positive impact, reflecting urbanization trends and rising demand for knowledge-based services, making it a pillar of sustainable development. Exports show a negative long-term impact but a positive short-term effect, as Vietnam primarily exports low-value goods. Foreign direct investment contributes to growth through capital and technology transfers, whereas population dynamics do not have a significant impact because of the declining young workforce. This study underscores the necessity of transitioning from traditional to modernized agriculture, enhancing value-added production, and developing knowledge-based services. Policy recommendations focus on modernizing agriculture, optimizing foreign direct investment utilization, and fostering linkages between agriculture and services to ensure sustainable growth aligned with Vietnam’s global integration strategy.
SILICON SOURCE FROM CALCIUM SLILICATE OF STEEL MAKING SLAG APPLICATION RATE ON GROWTH AND YIELD QUALITY IN SUGARCANE
Calcium silicate is widely recognized as an important silicon source for crop production however, its agronomic benefits remain controversial, particularly under tropical conditions in Thailand. This study evaluated the effects of calcium silicate on growth, yield, and yield quality of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivar Khon Kaen 3 grown in Kamphaeng Saen soil. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment assessed the effects of calcium silicate soaking on bud germination and early growth of sugarcane setts using a completely randomized design with four soaking concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 g L⁻¹) and ten replications. The results demonstrated that soaking in calcium silicate at 400 g L⁻¹ significantly accelerated bud germination and enhanced early plant growth. The second experiment was a field trial arranged in a randomized complete block design with four fertilization rates (0, 125, 250, and 500 kg ha⁻¹) and four replications to examine the effects of calcium silicate fertilization on plant growth, yield, and yield quality. Although calcium silicate fertilization showed no statistically significant effects on vegetative growth, the highest yield and stalk number were obtained at 500 kg ha⁻¹. In contrast, the optimal yield quality, expressed as commercial cane sugar percentage, was achieved at 250 kg ha⁻¹. These findings suggest that calcium silicate management can improve sugarcane productivity and quality, with application rate influencing yield and sugar accumulation differently.
FROM GREEN STRATEGY TO PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING QUALITY
This study investigates the effects of green competitive advantage (GCA) and green innovation (GI) on company performance, with sustainability report quality (SRQ) serving as a moderating variable. Firm size and firm age are included as control variables to enhance empirical robustness. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes panel data from 248 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022–2023, yielding 496 firm-year observations. The hypotheses are tested using panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that GCA has a significant positive effect on company performance, whereas GI does not demonstrate a statistically significant direct impact. Furthermore, SRQ significantly strengthens the relationship between GCA and company performance but does not moderate the relationship between GI and performance. The primary contribution of this study lies in the refinement and extension of the SRQ construct by incorporating two additional dimensions—responsiveness and impact—which extend beyond conventional disclosure attributes such as accuracy and reliability. This enhanced SRQ framework allows for a more policy-relevant evaluation of whether sustainability reports not only comply with reporting standards but also meaningfully address stakeholder concerns and demonstrate tangible performance outcomes. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that sustainability reporting frameworks should emphasize report substance, stakeholder responsiveness, and measurable impact rather than focusing solely on disclosure volume or formal compliance. Strengthening SRQ can enhance the credibility of green strategies and increase their contribution to firm performance. Overall, the findings provide important implications for regulators, standard setters, and policymakers seeking to improve the effectiveness of sustainability disclosure regimes and promote performance-oriented sustainability practices in emerging markets.
LEGAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG CRIMES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VIETNAM AND OTHER COUNTRIES
The proliferation of drug-related crimes remains one of the most formidable challenges for governments and societies worldwide. Despite the shared threat of drug abuse and trafficking, different nations have developed diverse legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms to combat the drug crisis. This article examines the legal and practical dimensions of the fight against drug crimes in Vietnam, comparing it to the strategies implemented by several other countries. By exploring Vietnam's legal provisions, the effectiveness of its enforcement systems, and the socio-economic factors influencing drug crime, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses in its approach. Furthermore, the paper assesses international cooperation in drug law enforcement and highlights best practices from countries with advanced anti-drug strategies, offering recommendations for enhancing global and national efforts to tackle the drug epidemic.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND FEMALE POLITICIANS' NETWORKING STRATEGIES IN THE 2024 INDONESIAN LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS
Women's political representation serves as a crucial metric for assessing the quality of democracy and gender equality; nevertheless, in Indonesia, the percentage remains significantly below the ideal, despite the implementation of a 30% quota policy since 2004. This study intends to examine the networking tactics employed by female politicians to secure victory in the 2024 Legislative Election in Magetan Regency, East Java, a local environment that embodies the challenges of patriarchy, socio-religious dynamics, and transformations in digital communication. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, data were collected via in-depth interviews with female candidates, party representatives, and community supporters, with field observations, and subsequently analyzed using NVivo theme coding. The findings delineated four principal strategies: (1) establishing formal political networks via internal and external party coalitions; (2) cultivating community social networks through religious study groups, social events, and fitness groups; (3) leveraging gender-specific networks to gain access to women's communities and families; and (4) enhancing social media networks for tailored messaging, voter mobilization, and broadening cross-generational support. These four techniques cultivate social capital that empowers female candidates to surmount structural obstacles, broaden their electorate, and enhance political legitimacy. These findings highlight the necessity of combining affirmative action policies with capacity-building and digital literacy initiatives to facilitate the more inclusive adaptation of political networking techniques throughout Indonesia.
PRESERVING CULINARY HERITAGE THROUGH GASTRONOMIC TOURISM: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY ON THE KAKANIN-MAKING TRADITION OF CABATUAN, ISABELA, PHILIPPINES
This qualitative case study examined the kakanin-making tradition of Cabatuan, Isabela, aimed at comprehending how local food practices become a source of cultural heritage conservation and local gastronomic tourism growth. Data for the research came from semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis of twenty (20) individuals who were purposively selected: kakanin producers, municipal officers, and long-term residents. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: (1) kakanin-making as a living culinary heritage, (2) high community awareness and identity linkage, (3) rich but underdeveloped gastronomic tourism potential, (4) continuous challenges of modernization, marketability, and lack of institutional support, and (5) community resilience as a basis for cultural continuity and sustainable development. The findings show that the preparation of kakanin is still at the heart of Cabatuan’s cultural identity. Residents have high awareness and are emotionally attached to the culture despite less participation of the youth. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate food heritage in the local tourism policy and educational programs as a means of cultural perpetuation. It ends with the statement that gastronomic culture in Cabatuan serves as a cultural narrative—a complex network of tradition, innovation, and identity that sustains rural development which is environmentally, socially, and economically viable. By maintaining its traditional foodways, Cabatuan may be able to present itself as a heritage-based gastronomic tourism prototype not only to the rest of the country but also to the world, the Philippines.
INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: A MODEL OF BACHELOR'S AND MASTER'S TRAINING IN NATURAL SCIENCES WITH ENGINEERING THINKING TO INCREASE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Ongoing changes in modern education are focused on ensuring national security and technical sovereignty of many countries around the world. The priorities of training highly qualified engineering personnel for key sectors of the economy – industry, agriculture, construction, transport, and the social sphere – necessitate a qualitative transformation of all levels of the education system to increase the competitiveness of countries in the international arena. In this context, the study examines the problem of training natural science teachers with engineering thinking for the development of the economy and industry of Russia. Using document analysis and an expert survey (assessment), a model for training bachelors and masters of natural sciences with engineering thinking was developed, aimed at increasing the level of regional development of education and achieving sustainable growth. The developed model focuses on integrating natural science, technical, and humanitarian knowledge and establishing their hierarchy, continuity, and complementarity. The priorities of Russian education relate to the creation of a system of continuous advanced engineering education (a combination of preschool, general, higher, and advanced education). Therefore, on the one hand, the developed model aims to train professionals who are ready to implement innovative educational scenarios of engineering pedagogy. On the other hand, the proposed model advances the competitiveness of the educational environment. The proposed model was developed based on the understanding of the development of engineering thinking in natural science teachers as a process consisting of four substantive blocks: the value-meaning block; the cognitive block; the block of regulatory norms; and the creative design block.
SOCIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE SUBJECTIVITY IN THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIAN SPACE: ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
To examine the anthropological foundations of socially transformative subjectivity in the post-Soviet Russian context, and to identify how this subjectivity can preserve and reinforce Russia’s cultural and civilizational identity amid globalization and ideological confrontation. The study adopts a philosophical-anthropological perspective, grounded in historical-logical analysis and comparative methodology. It reflects on Russia's dual position as both a unique civilization and a part of global structures. The author analyzes ideological shifts since the Soviet collapse, incorporating cultural, political, and ethical dimensions of subject formation. This work addresses a rarely studied nexus between national identity, cultural continuity, and individual subjectivity within Russia's post-Soviet transformation. It emphasizes the need for an authentic, culturally-rooted subject capable of countering externally imposed models and resisting pseudo-subjectivity shaped by media and liberal globalization. The idealized post-Soviet “New Russian” subject proved incompatible with Russia’s civilizational code, based on community, solidarity, and cultural rootedness. The failure of liberal individualism led to social disorientation, asocial behavior, and ideological vacuum. The reassertion of patriotic subjectivity, supported by policy changes and cultural education reforms, is presented as essential to restoring national coherence and agency. The paper introduces the concept of “transformative subjectivity” as an anthropological and civilizational tool for navigating modern Russian identity. It contributes to political anthropology, national ideology studies, and cultural sociology by offering a multidimensional framework for understanding subject formation in transitional societies.
MODELS OF CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE UNLAWFUL USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE ECONOMY
The rapid development and widespread deployment of artificial intelligence outpace existing legislation and give rise to new legal challenges. This results in regulatory gaps across various sectors, including healthcare, transport, intellectual property, etc. In particular, uncertainty persists regarding the grounds for and subjects of civil liability for harm caused by the unlawful use of AI in the economic sphere. The objective of this study is to analyze possible models of civil liability for the use of AI in the economy. The research methodology included desk-based analysis of Russian and other legal sources, theoretical synthesis of the results, and an expert survey involving 41 specialists. Thus, a classification of civil liability models for the use of AI in the economy is proposed with due regard to the autonomy of AI systems and the fundamental principles of liability. Three core models are identified: the fault-based model, which treats AI as a tool; the risk-based model, which applies a liability regime for hazardous products; and the vicarious liability model, which attributes responsibility to the AI owner for the actions of an autonomous system. Expert assessment indicates that models grounded in the principle of risk and the vicarious liability model are the most preferable. It is also established that the main subject of liability is the person who commits unlawful acts using AI and gets benefit from them. Where many persons are involved, liability is joint and several, which necessitates the further improvement of legislation.
CONSERVATION AND RATIONAL USE OF OCEANS AND TERRITORIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CONCEPTS OF THE ARCTIC POLICY
Technological advancements, economic prospects, and climate change have intensified discussions on governance solutions for aligning social and economic relations among governmental bodies at all levels, corporations, businesses, industries, and local populations, including indigenous Arctic communities. As a result, the Arctic governance system is evolving, influenced by repeated calls on the international stage to maintain the Arctic as a “zone of peace.” This governance is becoming more complex due to climate change and the responses of Arctic nations, each with strategic interests in the region. The article aims to identify the specific characteristics of sustainable development governance in the northern territories of Arctic nations in national and international contexts. The article considers cooperation among Arctic states in promoting the sustainable development of the Far North and the role of the Arctic Council in this process. Based on the case study “Concepts of the Arctic Policy among Arctic Nations for Sustainable Development”, the article concludes that the Arctic strategies of these nations should be grounded in multilateral cooperation on Arctic affairs. This approach would mitigate security issues in the region and reduce the risk of military conflicts by promoting transparency, predictability, stability, accountability, and pragmatic collaboration.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING AI IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT TO ACHIEVE THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Today, the public sector is facing dynamic technological changes, with AI being among the most innovative areas. The popularization of relevant IT solutions and their widespread use in business have led to growing interest in this technology within public administration and local self-government. This trend is evident in many countries, and the introduction of AI-based solutions in local self-government bodies may have a stronger effect on achieving development principles. The study was conducted using a mixed design: a systematic literature review (2018-2025) and an expert assessment with ranking (n=43, inclusion ≥3 peer-reviewed publications). Experts were asked to rank the proposed directions. The ranks were converted into normalized weights using the rank sum method, and the consistency of assessments was verified with Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W=0.64-0.67; p<0.01). The most prioritized areas of AI application are the management of large data sets and resource allocation; the main barriers are high costs, a shortage of competences, and insufficient IT tools; the key threats are risks to personal data protection, violations of intellectual property rights, and cybersecurity issues. Practical recommendations are provided on the stages of implementation and risk minimization.
CLUSTERING OF RUSSIAN REGIONS BY SOCIALLY IMPORTANT INDICATORS OF TRADE DEVELOPMENT
The article aims at forming clusters of Russian regions based on socially significant indicators of trade development. Clustering was conducted using the k-means method based on statistical data from 85 regions. As a result, five clusters were identified. The first cluster is characterized by a high share of chain retail turnover in the total retail trade volume. The second cluster shows no extreme values and is defined as average. The third cluster stands out for its well-developed market and fair trade. The distinctive feature of the fourth cluster is high consumer prices. The fifth cluster is marked by many retail facilities. In the context of fulfilling the social functions of trade, the most challenging is the fourth cluster, which includes four regions in the Far Eastern Federal District. To increase the social impact of trade in this cluster, it is advisable to develop foreign trade with neighboring Asian countries, including China, and to promote the expansion of Russian and cross-border e-commerce. The value of the results lies in the fact that clustering based on indicators reflecting the social significance of trade enables the adaptation of trade development policies to the specific characteristics of each region. This will contribute to a more comprehensive realization of trade’s social functions and help mitigate regional socioeconomic disparities.
CONCEPTUAL OPTIONS OF THE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
The article aims to substantiate the conceptual and methodological options for digital transformation of educational achievements, focusing on how ICT tools and mathematical modeling contribute to sustainable human capital development and competitiveness. Particular emphasis is placed on aligning educational assessment practices with the requirements of the digital economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study employs a combination of systemic and comparative analysis, statistical modeling (geometric mean, Harrington scale, Monte Carlo method), and pedagogical measurement techniques. These approaches allow the authors to evaluate the limitations of traditional assessment systems, demonstrate the advantages of digital assessment models, and classify their contribution to sustainable educational outcomes. Unlike studies that address digital education primarily through technological adoption, this research highlights the methodological dimension of assessment as a decisive factor in shaping competitive, future-ready human capital. By integrating ICT with advanced mathematical modeling, the paper bridges educational measurement, competitive intelligence, and sustainable development. The digital transformation of assessment systems enhances both the accuracy and reliability of competency evaluation, thereby supporting the formation of 21st-century skills. Beyond measuring academic success, digital assessment becomes a driver of innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability by ensuring the adaptability of human capital to continuously changing labor market demands. The article contributes to the theory of sustainable competitive intelligence in education by refining assessment models, expanding methodological tools for evaluating competencies, and demonstrating how digital intelligence can strengthen educational systems as strategic resources for sustainable development.
MITIGATION OF DIAGNOSTIC UNCERTAINTY IN PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH IN PRIMARY CARE: A SCOPING REVIEW
OBJECTIVE: To map and analyze recent scientific evidence on the mitigation of diagnostic uncertainty in psychiatry as a core element of clinical decision-making in primary mental health care, identifying diagnostic strategies, care practices, and organizational approaches. METHODS: Scoping review conducted between December 2025 and January 2026, following Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations and reported according to PRISMA-ScR. The research question was structured using the PCC framework. Studies published in the last five years, in any language, addressing diagnostic uncertainty in primary mental health care were included. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with complementary searches in Google Scholar. Data selection and extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twelve studies were included. Findings indicate that mitigating diagnostic uncertainty relies on integrating diagnostic tools, collaborative and measurement-based care practices, and organizational strategies. Care practices predominated, while organizational interventions were less frequently addressed, highlighting important gaps. CONCLUSION: Reducing diagnostic uncertainty in primary mental health care requires sustained, integrated strategies combining longitudinal follow-up, structured communication, standardized assessment tools, and collaborative care models to improve clinical decision-making and diagnostic safety.
ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN VIETNAM’S E-COMMERCE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES, AND REFORM DIRECTIONS
This article examines the legal framework governing electronic contracts and consumer protection in Vietnam’s e-commerce environment following the 2023 Law on Electronic Transactions and the 2023 Law on Protection of Consumer Rights, effective from 1 July 2024. Using a normative legal research method, the article analyses statutory design and implementation under Decree No. 55/2024/NĐ-CP and Decree No. 194/2025/NĐ-CP detailing a number of articles of the Law on Electronic Transactions regarding national databases, data connectivity and sharing, and open data for electronic transactions of state agencies. The study identifies three core regulatory challenges: securing informed consent in standard-form online contracts, clarifying overlaps between consumer law and personal data protection, and establishing accessible online dispute resolution. It argues that Vietnam’s framework converges with key international reference points (UNCITRAL and OECD) but requires clearer coordination, stronger platform accountability, and a functional ODR mechanism to improve redress and trust. The article concludes with reform directions on transparency – by - design, proportionate sanctions, inter-agency coordination, and capacity-building for regulators and courts.
FORMAÇÃO, CURRÍCULO E EMANCIPAÇÃO – OS IMPACTOS DA RACIONALIDADE NEOLIBERAL NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA, NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DOS SUJEITOS E NAS TENSÕES COM A EDUCAÇÃO CRÍTICA DE PAULO FREIRE
Nas últimas décadas, a educação básica e superior tem sido atravessada por reformas orientadas pela racionalidade neoliberal, marcadas pela centralidade da eficiência, da mensuração de resultados e da padronização curricular. Esse movimento reconfigura o currículo e a prática pedagógica, produzindo formas de formação alinhadas à lógica do desempenho e da adaptação às exigências do mercado. Diante desse contexto, o presente artigo toma como objeto de análise os impactos da racionalidade neoliberal sobre a formação escolar, o currículo e a constituição dos sujeitos, examinando suas implicações para a prática pedagógica e suas tensões com a tradição da educação crítica. Em contraposição às lógicas de controle, padronização e instrumentalização do conhecimento, o estudo dialoga com o pensamento de Paulo Freire, compreendendo a educação como prática de liberdade, processo dialógico e construção coletiva de consciência histórica, capaz de resistir às formas contemporâneas de dominação simbólica e pedagógica. A investigação organiza-se a partir da seguinte pergunta de partida: de que modo a racionalidade neoliberal, materializada nas políticas curriculares e nos dispositivos de gestão educacional, impacta a prática pedagógica e a constituição dos sujeitos, e em que medida a educação crítica freireana oferece fundamentos teórico-políticos para tensionar, resistir e reorientar esses processos em direção a uma formação emancipatória? Teoricamente, foram utilizados os trabalhos de Paulo Freire centralmente, conjugando com as ideias de outros autores. A pesquisa é qualitativo (Minayo, 2007), descritivo e bibliográfico (Gil, 2008) e com o viés analítico compreensivo (Weber, 1949). A análise evidenciou que a racionalidade neoliberal incide diretamente sobre o currículo e a prática pedagógica ao priorizar a mensuração, a eficiência e a competitividade, contribuindo para a constituição de subjetividades performativas e para o enfraquecimento da dimensão coletiva da formação. Constatou-se, ainda, que tais processos tensionam a autonomia docente e reduzem a experiência educativa à lógica do desempenho. Em contrapartida, o referencial freireano demonstrou oferecer fundamentos teórico-políticos consistentes para problematizar essa racionalidade e reorientar a escola em direção a práticas dialógicas, críticas e emancipadoras. Desse modo, reafirma-se a educação como espaço de humanização, consciência histórica e transformação social.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-RISE HOUSING: THE RUSSIAN CASE OF DEVELOPING REGIONAL PROGRAMS FOR VILLAGES AND SMALL CITIES
To develop and substantiate an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of low-rise housing construction (LHC) as a tool for creating effective regional housing programs. The study analyzes regulatory acts, scientific works, and official reports to design a six-block mechanism covering coordination, project management, performance indicators, implementation stages, evaluation, and regional adaptation. Housing policies in small cities and rural settlements often suffer from fragmented regulation and a lack of comprehensive regional LHC programs. This study addresses the need for a systemic mechanism that links housing development with social goals and territorial characteristics, improving the effectiveness of public housing policy. The implementation of the proposed mechanism creates the foundation for managed expansion of low-rise housing construction, focusing on improved affordability, energy efficiency, and housing quality. It also contributes to achieving social outcomes and sustainable regional development. The study enriches the theoretical understanding of regional housing policy management by systematizing economic and organizational components into a coherent model. It provides practical recommendations for authorities to design and implement LHC programs that align with socio-economic priorities and regional development strategies.
ISLAMIC FINANCE AS A MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATIONS
The article considers the potential of Islamic finance as an institution of the moral economy capable of serving as an infrastructural foundation for sustainable regional development. By comparing the principles of Islamic finance with the categories of the moral economy (responsibility, justice, intrinsic expediency, virtues), the authors substantiate the thesis that it is possible to create an alternative development model focused not only on macroeconomic growth but also on the moral reproduction of social, environmental, and economic relations. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of waqf, zakat, interest-free microfinance, and sukuk in supporting the real sector, promoting inclusion, and facilitating redistribution. The conclusion is drawn regarding the applicability of the Islamic financial model in regional strategies aimed at comprehensive sustainability and the institutional revival of the moral foundations of economic activity.
PROJECT-TECHNOLOGICAL PRACTICE AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING INTERDISCIPLINARY COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS OBTAINING SPECIALIZED HIGHER EDUCATION IN ART PEDAGOGY
The purpose of this study is to explore how project-technological practice can facilitate the development of interdisciplinary competencies in students pursuing specialized higher education in art pedagogy. The research employed a combination of literature review, pedagogical observation, experimental teaching, creation of digital educational tools, and participation in practice conferences. The experimental work was conducted from 2020 to 2025 and included multiple stages of vocational training. The results demonstrated significant improvements in students’ research abilities, digital literacy, methodological preparedness, creative thinking, and public presentation skills. The conclusion highlights that integrating creative, research, and digital activities into practice-oriented learning effectively fosters interdisciplinary competencies aligned with federal educational standards and supports the comprehensive professional development of future art teachers.
THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION LEVEL, AND BUSINESS SCALE ON ACCOUNTING INFORMATION UTILIZATION: EVIDENCE FROM AN ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY CONTEXT
This study aims to investigate the impact of accounting knowledge, education level, and business scale on the utilization of accounting information, with environmental uncertainty serving as a moderating factor. The population consisted of 954 MSME respondents across Indonesia, selected using random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results demonstrate that accounting knowledge, education level, and business scale significantly affect the use of accounting information. Additionally, environmental uncertainty significantly moderates the relationships between accounting knowledge, education level, business scale, and the utilization of accounting information. This study provides actionable insights for MSME owners and policymakers. Enhancing accounting and education knowledge among MSME operators, as well as supporting business scaling, can improve the effective use of accounting information systems, especially under conditions of environmental uncertainty. This can lead to better decision-making, improved financial management, and increased MSME resilience in volatile markets. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of environmental uncertainty as a moderating factor, offering a nuanced understanding of how contextual dynamics influence accounting information use in Indonesian MSMEs.
LA PROVISIÓN DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS LOCALES MEDIANTE UN CONSORCIO MUNICIPAL: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO
Este artículo estudia la conveniencia de la provisión conjunta de los Servicios Públicos Locales mediante una entidad supramunicipal denominada Consorcio municipal, utilizando para ello el caso real del Consorcio As Mariñas, situado en la provincia de A Coruña, Galicia, España. El trabajo muestra la provisión actual del Consorcio y analiza su capacidad para ampliar su oferta de servicios consorciados en base a su dimensión y recursos. Como metodología se recurrió al uso de Indicadores de Gestión, instrumentos básicos para evaluar la gestión pública, midiendo para cada nuevo servicio su relación calidad-precio. Los resultados aprecian una mejora en términos de solidaridad inter-municipal al aumentar la provisión de servicios consorciados, aunque no suficiente para afirmar que la prestación conjunta beneficia por igual a todos los municipios del Consorcio. El desigual crecimiento y la heterogénea estructura socioeconómica de cada municipio dificulta que la unanimidad sea la única regla de la toma de decisiones consorciadas e impide visualizar que la cooperación intermunicipal sea una política que mejora la calidad de vida de la ciudadanía.
DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY FOR CARICA FRUIT PRODUCTS TO INCREASE SALES VOLUME IN MSMES IN KEJAJAR DISTRICT, WONOSOBO REGENCY
This research examines distribution strategies to increase sales volume of Carica fruit products among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kejajar District, Wonosobo Regency. Carica (Carica pubescens), a fruit that grows exclusively in the Dieng highlands, is processed into signature products of Wonosobo but faces distribution challenges. Using a qualitative approach with case study methodology, data was collected through interviews with 10 informants including MSME owners, government representatives, farmers, and consumers. The study employed SWOT analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Composite Performance Index (CPI) to analyze distribution strategies. Results indicate that the key to increasing sales volume is collaboration with experienced private sector partners who possess established distribution networks. The AHP analysis revealed three priority criteria: maintaining farmer partnerships (priority factor 0.370), improving company resources (0.353), and government support (0.277). The main alternative strategies include improving production facilities and infrastructure (priority factor 0.305), intensifying Carica cultivation, expanding sales networks, and completing food safety certifications. The research identifies both direct distribution channels (farmer to processor to consumer) and indirect channels (involving collectors and distributors), each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. This study contributes to distribution management literature by providing an integrated framework for MSMEs operating with endemic agricultural products in rural areas, emphasizing the importance of strategic partnerships throughout the supply chain.
UNDERSTANDING THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY CAREGIVERS OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS
Caregiving is a road that most individuals take at some time in their life. Informal caregivers, for instance, are in charge of looking after their loved ones. However, some caregivers extend these duties for extended periods of time while providing care for loved ones who have been diagnosed with a variety of chronic illnesses. It may be rewarding and difficult to provide informal care to those who are depressed. Caretakers may have financial, emotional, or physical health challenges in addition to losses like lost wages, reduced health coverage, and decreased retirement funds. In some circumstances, caregivers could even be compelled to quit their employment or reduce their hours. This study is essential given the growing number of people with mental health conditions and the increased demand for caregivers. An empirical review of management techniques used by caretakers for individuals with mental health conditions is presented in this article. According to this study, those with uterine fibroids, cancer, heart illness, diabetes, epilepsy, and physical or mental disabilities are considered mental patients. Future caregivers will find it easier and more beneficial to have a wide awareness of the topic.
ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY AND WORK PERFORMANCE THROUGH COMPETENCY CONTROL
In the context of transitioning to a knowledge economy and supporting the development of innovation in all aspects, the tendency to determine the capacity of employees by adapting to new roles and challenges and the ability to continuously learn is becoming stronger with special attention to the development and use of human capital. Therefore, capacity research is a strategic research direction aimed not only at personal development, but also at increasing the competitiveness of organizations and countries. In order to determine the net impact of the employee's capacity on the performance of work, the research aims to develop a structural model by defining the competence as a control variable, getting acquainted with the theoretical books of the employee's capacity and competence, and developing and evaluating a structural equation model to determine the relationship between the employee's capacity composition, employee competence, and work performance. put forward and completed the research work. The study involved capacity component analysis, work performance direct correlation analysis, and control variable analysis based on human capital theory, social cognitive theory, and learning ability theory. 322 employees of the service organization were surveyed by questionnaire, the SPSS program and the basic research model were evaluated by PLS-SEM method in the SmartPLC program, the evaluation of the measurement model and the structural model were carried out, the hypotheses put forward in the study were checked based on these criteria, and the model's interpretation ability was evaluated. According to the results of the structural model, the capabilities of the main variable employee had a direct positive effect on performance. This represents a direct relationship between capacity and performance. When considering the employee's competence as a control variable, certain control is given in the main areas of relevance. This delimited the effects of other factors on the main research relationship and increased the accuracy of the results. It was also supported that employee capacity remains a positive effect on performance under competency control.
ELECTRONIC PASSPORTS: IMPORTANCE AND IMPLICATIONS
The evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has enabled governments to deliver services to citizens more efficiently and effectively. This study conducts a literature review on electronic passports to examine the implications of biometric technology in their implementation. A qualitative methodology was adopted, based on documentary analysis of articles published in specialized academic journals. The findings indicate that biometric data used in electronic passports include facial recognition, fingerprints, and iris recognition. Additionally, continuous review and updating of technology are required to prevent potential forgery and identity theft.
TEACHERS AS NAVIGATORS OF DIVERSITY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON EDUCATOR PERSPECTIVES IN IMPLEMENTING MULTICULTURAL RELIGIOUS VALUES IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS
This qualitative study explores the perspectives, pedagogical strategies, and challenges faced by teachers in integrating multicultural religious values within Indonesian Islamic schools. Recognizing the critical role of educators as primary agents in shaping young minds, the research addresses how they navigate the dual mandate of fostering strong religious identity while promoting peace and pluralism in a diverse society. Employing a phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions with 15 purposively selected teachers from three Islamic senior high schools (Madrasah Aliyah) in Java and Sumatra. Thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: 1) Teacher conceptualizations of multicultural religious education as a doctrinal imperative for social harmony, 2) Adaptive pedagogical strategies ranging from contextualized interpretation of texts to interfaith simulation, and 3) Significant challenges including conservative parental pressure, limited training, and the tension between national pluralistic curricula and local religious orthodoxy. The findings underscore that teachers act not merely as curriculum deliverers but as critical navigators who interpret, adapt, and sometimes resist broader discourses on diversity. The study concludes that for multicultural values to be effectively internalized, systemic support through targeted teacher professional development, community engagement programs, and responsive policy frameworks is essential. This research contributes to the global discourse on faith-based education in plural societies by highlighting the agency and lived experiences of Islamic educators in Indonesia.
COMMUNITY IDENTITIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AS FACTORS OF SOCIAL COHESION
The aim of this empirical study was to determine the features of community identities and psychological resilience as factors of social cohesion. Our empirical study was conducted during 2022–2025 with the following sample: 293 internally displaced persons (IDPs) aged 18 to 72; 549 refugee women aged 18 to 79 who received temporary protection in EU countries; and 724 local residents aged 18 to 83 who did not hold IDP or refugee status. We used the following empirical methods: Resilience Scale, “Civic Identity” Questionnaire, Questionnaire “Determining the characteristics of community identities and the social cohesion”. Positive correlations between community identities and the subjective assessments of the importance of the values of free will, justice, equality, responsibility, and security were found among IDPs and refugee women. The stronger the civic, European, and professional identities in IDP and refugee women, the more important they rated values such as free will, justice, responsibility, security, and equality. Positive correlations between the community identities and the psychological resilience were found in IDPs and refugee women. High levels of civic identity, European identity, understanding of IDPs, professional identity, psychological resilience, compassion of IDPs, local identity, compassion of refugees and understanding of refugees increased the social cohesion.
GUÍAS TURÍSTICOS Y LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE COMUNICACIÓN INTERNA PARA LA ATENCIÓN DE USUARIOS
El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar las fortalezas y debilidades comunicativas que exhibe el personal que opera como guías turísticos en el Acuario de Veracruz, México; que facilite el disfrute del público que visita en gran número ese recinto turístico. La investigación se trabajó desde lo cualitativo, se aplicó una entrevista estructurada a 12 guías de turismo, integrados por ambos géneros y de diferente tipo de contratación. El instrumento comprendió 32 preguntas que fueron abiertas, cerradas y de opción múltiple lo que permitió identificar las fortalezas y debilidades comunicativas que exhibieron los guías de turistas que laboraron durante el periodo septiembre del 2021 a enero del 2022 tiempo en que se incrementan las visitas por inicio de clases, las escuelas llevan a sus grupos a las visitas guiadas y por vacaciones de diciembre. La técnica nos permitió identificar los problemas de comunicación que surgen en el día a día, ya que es un lugar muy concurrido, se trabaja con diversos sectores de la población, desde infantes, niños, jóvenes, adultos, personas de la tercera edad y personas con alguna discapacidad, que diariamente recorren las diversas galerías de este Acuario, por tanto, los guías demandan capacitación tanto en la atención al público como en los temas que abordan, desde entablar una plática con el visitante y responder a cada uno de sus cuestionamientos con dudas, preguntas e inquietudes que tienen, siempre brindando la mejor calidad para que el visitante al salir tengan la certeza que han obtenido información necesaria de todas y cada una de las especies, además, de conocer acerca del medio ambiente, de los océanos, de cuidar la flora y fauna que nos rodea porque es parte del entorno en que vivimos, pláticas constructivas que aportan a ser mejores ciudadanos en estos tiempos tan difíciles.
PENSAMIENTO Y CONCIENCIA HISTÓRICA EN FORMACIÓN DOCENTE
Este artículo analiza comparativamente el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico y de la conciencia histórica en la formación inicial de futuros profesores de Educación Básica y de Educación Media en Historia, en Chile, a partir de narrativas elaboradas sobre el estallido social de 2019. Desde un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo, se examinan 306 relatos producidos por estudiantes de ambas carreras, con el objetivo de identificar similitudes y diferencias en la complejidad del razonamiento histórico y en las orientaciones narrativas que articulan pasado, presente y futuro. El análisis integra categorías de pensamiento histórico de primer y segundo orden y la tipología de conciencia histórica propuesta por Rüsen. Los resultados muestran un predominio transversal de orientaciones críticas, junto con una presencia significativa de conciencia genética, especialmente en la formación docente de Educación Media en Historia. Asimismo, se identifican diferencias consistentes entre ambas trayectorias formativas, asociadas a los énfasis normativos y disciplinares definidos por los Estándares de la Profesión Docente. El estudio evidencia que la formación inicial docente en historia no se configura de manera homogénea, sino que responde a perfiles profesionales diferenciados, con implicaciones relevantes para la enseñanza del pasado reciente, la formación ciudadana y la comprensión histórica de los conflictos sociales.
WRESTLING COMPETITIONS AND WRESTLING CHAMPION WRESTLERS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES HELD TO HONOR GOD ZEUS
Ancient Greek society organized sports events to honor leaders and heroes. With the development of the belief structure, local events became more comprehensive. There were mythological gods in ancient Greek society that were connected to the belief system. However, festivals were organized only in honor of the great gods. As in civilizations throughout human history, ceremonies and festivals were organized in ancient Greek civilization to honor gods. The most important of the ceremonies organized for Zeus, one of the important gods of ancient Greek society, were the Olympic Games. Although the sports category was few when sports competitions in ancient Greek society began to be organized, new games were added in later periods. The most important of these games were wrestling competitions. Citizens who participated in the Olympic Games made superhuman efforts to honor God Zeus. As the popularity of the Olympic Games, which were initially held locally, increased, people came to compete, especially in wrestling. This study aims to explain the wrestling competitions in the Olympic Games organized in the name of God Zeus in the Ancient Greek and Hellenistic periods and to provide information about the wrestlers who managed to become champions in these competitions.
NARRAR EL CONFLICTO RECIENTE: ARTICULACIONES ENTRE PENSAMIENTO HISTÓRICO Y CONCIENCIA HISTÓRICA EN LA FORMACIÓN INICIAL DEL PROFESORADO
Este estudio analiza la articulación entre los niveles de pensamiento histórico y los tipos de conciencia histórica presentes en narrativas elaboradas por profesorado en formación inicial sobre el estallido social chileno de 2019–2020. Desde un enfoque de análisis de contenido cualitativo con cuantificación descriptiva, se examinan 306 narrativas producidas por estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Básica y de Educación Media en Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales de tres universidades del sur de Chile. El análisis se estructura a partir de dos matrices teóricas: los aprendizajes de primer y segundo orden del pensamiento histórico y la tipología de conciencia histórica propuesta por Rüsen. Los resultados muestran un predominio de niveles intermedios y avanzados de pensamiento histórico, asociados principalmente a formas de conciencia histórica crítica y, en menor medida, genética. No obstante, se identifican tensiones formativas relevantes, ya que el desarrollo de habilidades analíticas avanzadas no garantiza de manera automática una orientación temporal genética capaz de articular pasado, presente y futuro. En conclusión, los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fortalecer mediaciones didácticas explícitas en la formación inicial docente que favorezcan la proyección ética, pedagógica y ciudadana del conocimiento histórico, especialmente en la enseñanza de acontecimientos recientes y socialmente controvertidos.
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR DYSPHAGIA MANAGEMENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST’S FRAMEWORK
Objective: This study aims at assessing the feasibility of the involvement of speech language pathologists in the identification and intervention of dysphagia in ICU patients. This brings the need of making a comparison of the procedures and using of diagnostic instruments like the FEES and VFSS. The goal of the study is to assess the effects of early identification and assessment of aspiration pneumonia, to explore available therapeutic options like NMES and postural adjustments, as well as to determine how integrated interprofessional approach can help to improve the quality of dysphagia management within the ICU population. Methods: The development of Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) was done with the assistance of a development committee and advisory committee. The CPG development group comprised three Neurophysicians, three Otolaryngologists, three Nurses and four Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). It was agreed that all members contributed to the identification of the evidence to be presented and deliberation of the recommendations in response to the Key Questions (KQs) to ensure that the guideline formulated is holistic and evidence based for use in the ICU in managing dysphagia. Then Literature review was done by an extensive search of papers using some of the most popular search databases including; Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Specifically, research with patients in an adult ICU was considered and considered to be meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Early dysphagia screening and evaluation with FEES yields improved patient performance. Electrical Stimulation and postural changes improved the efficacy of the swallow, leading to a highly significant benefit. In addition, the component that implements a multidisciplinary care model enhanced the general well-being of patients admitted in the ICU by doing away with factors such as aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion: This research underscore the importance of speech-language pathologists and interdisciplinary teams in the assessment and managements of dysphagia in ICU. Adoption of more limited diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in the individual patient as a means of patient safety and improved quality of care. Therefore, early intervention and multidisciplinary approach for critically ill patients reduce the time and cost of hospital stay.
BLOQUEIOS ANESTÉSICOS PERIFÉRICOS GUIADOS POR ULTRASSOM NO MANEJO DA DOR EM ATLETAS: IMPLICAÇÕES NA MEDICINA ESPORTIVA
A dor musculoesquelética decorrente de lesões esportivas e procedimentos ortopédicos representa importante fator limitante para a reabilitação e o retorno precoce à atividade física. A anestesia regional guiada por ultrassonografia tem sido incorporada como estratégia analgésica eficaz no contexto da medicina esportiva. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia e segurança dos bloqueios anestésicos periféricos no manejo da dor em atletas submetidos a intervenções ortopédicas. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases PubMed, Scopus e LILACS, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, metanálises e revisões sistemáticas publicados entre 2005 e 2024. Os resultados demonstraram redução significativa dos escores de dor nas primeiras 24–48 horas pós-operatórias, com diminuição média de 1,5 a 3 pontos nas escalas analgésicas, além de redução de 40% a 60% no consumo de opioides. Observou-se ainda menor incidência de eventos adversos e melhor preservação funcional, especialmente com o bloqueio do canal adutor em cirurgias de joelho. Conclui-se que os bloqueios anestésicos periféricos guiados por ultrassom constituem estratégia eficaz, segura e funcionalmente vantajosa no manejo da dor em atletas.
FATORES DE RISCO PARA COMPLICAÇÕES DA DIABETES MELLITUS NA GESTAÇÃO - UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
A diabetes mellitus consiste em uma patologia muito prevalente na sociedade atual, sendo previsto o seu aumento nos anos subsequentes em função da piora dos hábitos de vida da população. Quando ocorre na gestação em mulheres previamente saudáveis, é nomeada como Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) a qual pode trazer diversas complicações para a vida futura da gestante e do feto. Com base nisso, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar as principais complicações, bem como os fatores de risco para cada uma de modo a identificar precocemente a maior incidência naquela mulher e prevenir os fatores de risco. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca na BVS e na PubMed, com as palavras-chaves “Diabetes Complications”; “Risk Factors”; “Pregnancy”. Inclui aqueles com texto completo disponível, bem como dos anos de 2021 e 2022. Exclui revisões da literatura e outros artigos de metodologia com risco de viés. Sendo selecionados 10 artigos para a leitura do texto completo e 5 utilizados na composição dessa revisão. Pode-se evidenciar que a macrossomia fetal, uma das principais complicações e que apresentam maior risco de complicações maternas e fetais, foram identificadas mais proeminente em mulheres com baixo nível de escolaridade, história de DMG em outra gestação, história obstétrica adversa, a qual também foi associada a incidência de Casaria, bem como os hábitos de vida negativos durante a gestação. As complicações a longo prazo foram associadas ao perfil lipídico, bem como a idade materna avança. Portanto, compreender esses fatores de risco é essencial para acompanhar de perto as gestantes com maior índice de complicações e prevenir ou tratar de modo completo.
COMO ENSEÑAR A EVALUAR EN LA FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO
In teacher training processes, the aim is to enhance skills and knowledge to manage the classroom curriculum, considering teaching and assessment methodologies. The inquiry has focused on describing the strategies used by teachers in teaching assessment during initial teacher training. This was supported by a quantitative, descriptive study using a Likert-type scale, whit confirmatory factor analysis for validation and Cronbach´s alpha for reliability. Inferential analysis was also applied, highlighting that teaching how to teach and assess in initial teacher education is conditioned by the work carried out in the classroom.
IN SEARCH OF AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE WESTERN-CENTERED WORLD ORDER: NECMETTIN ERBAKAN’S FOREIGN POLICY VISION
This article examines Necmettin Erbakan’s foreign policy vision as a distinctive anti-imperialist and civilizational critique of the Western-centered international order. Departing from conventional realist or pragmatic approaches dominant in Turkish foreign policy analysis, Erbakan conceptualized foreign policy as an ethical and structural struggle against economic dependency, political domination, and cultural subordination. Central to his vision was the construction of alternative networks of cooperation among Muslim-majority and non-Western countries, most notably articulated through initiatives such as the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation. The study situates Erbakan’s foreign policy thought within the broader intellectual traditions of Islamic political thought, Third Worldism, and Global South solidarities, highlighting his emphasis on “just order” and multipolarity. By analyzing parliamentary speeches, policy proposals, and institutional initiatives, the article argues that Erbakan’s approach should not be reduced to ideological rhetoric but understood as an attempt to formulate a coherent counter-hegemonic foreign policy framework. In doing so, the article contributes to rethinking Turkish foreign policy beyond Euro-Atlantic paradigms and offers insights into non-Western alternatives to modern international relations theory.
PALM KERNEL SHELL SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN SUPPORTING NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY: CASE STUDY OF CV.PUTRA MAHODENK IN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT REGENCY
This research analyzes the palm kernel shell supply chain performance at CV. Putra Mahodenk in Kotawaringin Barat Regency to support national energy security. Using a qualitative case study approach with 150 informants from employees, consumers, partners, and communities, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. Analysis employed Porter's Value Chain framework and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). Results show that the company has competitive advantages in inbound logistics (0.38), service (0.39), infrastructure (0.39), and procurement (0.39), supported by push forklift technology innovation as the first in Indonesia. However, weaknesses exist in promotion (0.17) and HR management (0.19). GSCM implementation remains partial, particularly at win order, pre-delivery support, and delivery stages. The total activity value of 22.97 indicates fairly good overall performance with some areas requiring strategic improvement. Recommendations include digital marketing transformation, productivity-based HR development, and transition to environmentally friendly operations.
FAMILY UPBRINGING PRACTICES OF NOMADIC MONGOLIANS: TRADITION AND MODERNITY
This study examines the ways in which traditional family upbringing practices of nomadic Mongolians have been preserved and transformed in contemporary society, drawing on empirical data collected from parents. It focuses on the interplay between educational values rooted in nomadic culture and modern parenting practices adopted by today’s families. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating historical and logical analysis of traditional family upbringing with a quantitative survey of contemporary parenting styles. The empirical component involved 850 parents and utilized a standardized questionnaire based on the parenting style framework proposed by Baumrind and further developed by Maccoby and Martin, which classifies parenting into four types: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. Parenting style is conceptualized as parents’ general attitudes, emotional orientations, and habitual behaviors in interactions with their children (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). The findings reveal both continuity and change in nomadic Mongolian family upbringing, demonstrating the coexistence of enduring traditional values and modern parenting approaches. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural adaptation in family upbringing within a rapidly changing social context.
SMART UNIVERSITIES: GLOBAL TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION 4.0
The integration of artificial intelligence into higher education has driven the consolidation of the smart university paradigm within the framework of Education 4.0, promoting the digital transformation of university ecosystems. However, despite the accelerated growth of scientific output in this field, existing research exhibits marked thematic fragmentation and uneven regional distribution. The objective of this study was to analyze global research trends on artificial intelligence and Education 4.0 in the context of smart universities using a bibliometric approach. To this end, a descriptive and exploratory bibliometric analysis was conducted on peer-reviewed scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database during the period 2020–2025, following the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The data were processed using the Bibliometrix (R) and VOSviewer tools, considering indicators of scientific productivity, impact, and keyword co-occurrence. The results show sustained growth in publications, high author dispersion, and a geographical concentration of production, primarily led by countries in Asia and the Middle East. Artificial intelligence is consolidating its position as a driving force, closely linked to Education 4.0, engineering training, and emerging technologies such as blockchain and educational chatbots, reflecting a transition toward more integrated and intelligent university ecosystems. In conclusion, the findings confirm that research on smart universities is in a phase of expansion and thematic diversification, highlighting the need to strengthen integrative theoretical frameworks and foster greater participation from underrepresented regions, particularly Latin America, to guide digital transformation strategies in higher education.
CULTURAL HERITAGE OF MOUNT RUDNIK AND TOURISM
Objectives: This study highlights the rich cultural‑historical heritage of Mount Rudnik and examines how it can strengthen Central Serbia’s tourism offer. Theoretical Framework: Drawing on cultural‑tourism theory, heritage valorisation and destination branding, the work situates Rudnik within contemporary debates on mountain destinations in post‑transition economies. Method: We employed a descriptive‑analytical method combining desk research, field surveys and analysis of official tourism statistics between 2000 and 2022. Results & Discussion: Rudnik contains dozens of archaeological sites, medieval fortifications, sacral monuments and vernacular structures. Visitor numbers peaked in 2008 but remain seasonal, signalling unexploited capacity and a need for product diversification. Implications: Findings guide local authorities and tourism organisations in prioritising conservation, interpretation and event programming to extend stays and balance seasonality. Originality/Value: The paper systematises dispersed Serbian‑language evidence, providing the first English baseline for further research and destination planning.
CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH: A MODEL FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ACTIVE, REFLECTIVE AND COLLABORATIVE TEACHERS
This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the level of activity, reflectivity, and collaboration of teachers in continuous professional development based on Participatory Action Research (PAR); evaluate the impact of the PAR model on the quality of learning in schools; and identify the challenges and solutions faced by teachers in its implementation. A qualitative research method with a thematic analysis approach was used to explore the experiences of six teachers, one head teacher, one supervisor, and one external facilitator. The results showed that teacher activity was influenced by the relevance of training, structural support, and intrinsic motivation. Teachers' reflectivity is generally still individual and sporadic, while collaboration occurs more informally. The application of the PTP model has been proven to increase professional awareness, encourage evidence-based learning, and strengthen peer collaboration through reflective forums and professional learning communities. The main challenges include time constraints, administrative burdens, and a lack of institutional support. Strategic solutions include providing dedicated time for reflection, simplifying administrative tasks, practice-based training, and transformational leadership by school principals.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THAI TOURISTS’ SATISFACTION WITH SDG ADVENTURE DESTINATIONS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF NAKHON NAYOK PROVINCE, THAILAND
This study aims to examine the factors influencing Thai tourists’ satisfaction with sustainable development goal (SDG)–oriented adventure tourism destinations, using Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand, as a qualitative case study. By integrating tourist, government, and private-sector perspectives, the study seeks to advance understanding of how sustainability-oriented destination management shapes adventure tourism satisfaction. A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 30 Thai tourists, complemented by key informant interviews with representatives from government agencies (Department of Tourism and Sports and the Tourism Authority of Thailand) and private-sector adventure tourism entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed thematically, with triangulation across stakeholder groups to enhance trustworthiness and analytical depth. The findings indicate that tourist satisfaction is influenced by a combination of experiential quality, safety management, accessibility, and perceptions of environmental responsibility. Government stakeholders emphasize policy frameworks, destination planning, and SDG alignment, while private-sector operators focus on operational practices and service delivery. Satisfaction emerges most strongly when strategic sustainability objectives are effectively translated into on-site experiences through stakeholder collaboration. This study extends adventure tourism satisfaction literature by demonstrating how multi-stakeholder alignment mediates the relationship between sustainability policy and tourist satisfaction. It contributes to SDG-oriented tourism research by empirically linking institutional governance and operational practices to experiential outcomes. The findings suggest that closer coordination between government agencies and private operators is essential to enhance sustainable adventure tourism experiences. Translating SDG principles into actionable guidelines and capacity-building initiatives can strengthen tourist satisfaction and long-term destination sustainability. This study offers one of the few qualitative, multi-stakeholder examinations of SDG-oriented adventure tourism satisfaction in Thailand, providing nuanced insights into how sustainability is co-produced through governance and service delivery at the destination level.
AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ADOPTION IN ALBANIA: EVIDENCE FROM EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Agricultural production in transition economies is increasingly exposed to climate-related risks, while the adoption of agricultural insurance remains limited despite its potential to enhance farm resilience and income stability. This study examines the key determinants of agricultural insurance adoption in Albania, a climate-vulnerable transition economy characterized by fragmented farm structures and evolving institutional frameworks. The main objective of the study is to identify the economic, institutional, and behavioral factors influencing farmers’ insurance decisions. The analysis is based on primary survey data collected from farmers across multiple regions of Albania and employs a binary logistic regression model to assess the impact of education, institutional trust, premium subsidization, climatic risk exposure, and behavioral perceptions on insurance adoption. The results reveal a significant gap between farmers’ willingness to insure and actual insurance uptake. While education and exposure to climatic risk increase awareness and willingness to adopt insurance, institutional trust emerges as the most decisive factor determining actual adoption. Premium subsidization positively influences insurance demand, although its effectiveness depends strongly on trust in insurance providers. Overall, the findings indicate that low insurance penetration reflects rational decision-making under institutional and economic constraints rather than a lack of information. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated policy interventions combining financial education, trust-building measures, and stable subsidy schemes to strengthen agricultural resilience in transition economies.
GAS FLARING IN NIGERIA’S OIL SECTOR: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES WITHIN EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
Gas flaring remains one of the most persistent environmental and socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria’s oil industry. Despite decades of regulatory efforts, the practice continues to release large volumes of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming, air pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Communities located near flare sites face severe health risks such as respiratory illnesses, skin problems, and increased mortality rates. The constant exposure to intense heat and light also disrupts agricultural productivity and damages farmlands, leading to food insecurity and loss of livelihoods. Economically, gas flaring represents a significant waste of valuable natural resources that could be harnessed for domestic energy generation and industrial development. The Nigerian economy consequently loses substantial revenue while local populations bear the burden of environmental degradation and poverty. This paper examines the environmental and socioeconomic implications of gas flaring in Nigeria, highlighting the inefficiencies in regulatory enforcement, corporate negligence, and lack of sustainable energy policies. It also explores alternative strategies for gas utilization, community engagement, and cleaner production practices aimed at achieving environmental sustainability and social well-being in the oil-producing regions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE UNIT 81 OF KOPASSUS SOLDIERS
This study aims to analyze the implementation of situational leadership in Unit 81 Kopassus and examine its impact on personnel performance and operational effectiveness. The research employs a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore leadership practices based on the lived experiences of commanders and personnel within a high-risk military environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The informants were selected using purposive sampling based on rank, operational experience, and direct involvement in tactical missions. Data were analyzed using phenomenological procedures, including data reduction, coding, thematic categorization, and validation through triangulation and member checking to ensure credibility. The findings reveal that commanders adaptively apply four leadership styles consisting of telling (S1), selling (S2), participating (S3), and delegating (S4) depending on personnel readiness and situational demands. The telling style is dominant in high-risk operations requiring rapid and precise decision-making; selling is applied during training and coaching processes to strengthen competence and motivation; participating is used in tactical decision-making to enhance cohesion and collective responsibility, while delegating is implemented for highly mature personnel to promote autonomy and leadership development. The situational application of these styles positively influences discipline, coordination, trust, and overall performance. The study concludes that leadership flexibility is a critical factor in maintaining operational readiness in high-risk organizations. Although limited to a single unit and qualitative scope, this research contributes theoretically by reinforcing situational leadership theory in military contexts and practically by providing insights for adaptive leadership development in strategic security institutions.
DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENTS AS A CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TOOL: MALAYSIA’S REGULATORY AND ETHICAL PREPAREDNESS
This article analyses corporate readiness in Malaysia to implement Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs), as practised in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Canada, and Singapore. It highlights the essential elements of DPA, including judicial oversight, public-interest imperatives, and corporate compliance frameworks, thereby fostering ethical accountability. The readiness of Malaysia’s top five publicly listed companies across diverse sectors is measured against compliance with the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 (MACC Act), Adequate Procedures (AP), and ISO 37001:2016 Anti-Bribery Management Systems (ABMS). The deliberate focus on large corporations reflects their heightened exposure to liability risks and the expectation that they maintain more stringent compliance standards. The findings indicate that substantial anti-corruption efforts have been undertaken, particularly through ABMS certification; however, ethical vulnerabilities persist in specific sectors, notably logistics and transportation. Overall, the study suggests that Malaysia possesses the institutional and corporate capacity to adopt DPAs, provided that such mechanisms are tailored to the country’s legal, economic, and cultural context and are supported by effective judicial oversight and comprehensive compliance infrastructures. This research contributes to policy and corporate discourse by offering a framework for strengthening ethical governance and accountability by integrating comparative DPA models with corporate compliance assessments.
ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIC COCONUT SUGAR SUPPLY CHAIN IN BOJONGSARI DISTRICT, PURBALINGGA REGENCY, INDONESIA
The supply chain plays an important role in the marketing of agricultural products. This study aims to identify the supply chain of organic coconut sugar artisans and analyze the tasks and functions of marketing in the organic coconut sugar supply chain in the Bojongsari District area. The research was carried out using a survey method. The determination of the research location was carried out by purposive sampling in Bumisari Village and Pekalongan Village because there are 3,831 productive coconut trees managed by nearly 500 organic coconut sugar artisans. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling of 15 organic coconut sugar artisans in Bumisari Village and 15 artisans were selected because they were fostered by KUB Central Agro Lestari in Pekalongan Village with 15 respondents, so that there were a total of 30 respondents. Sampling of supply chain institutions is carried out using snowball sampling. The data collected in the research is in the form of primary and secondary data through interview, observation and documentation techniques with research techniques in the form of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results of the study show that in Bojongsari District there are 3 patterns of marketing channels. Marketing pattern 1, organic coconut sugar artisans sell their products through KUB Central Agro Lestari before finally being marketed to wholesalers. The selling price from artisans to KUB Central Agro Lestari is IDR 17,000/kg, while KUB Central Agro Lestari resells to wholesalers at a price of IDR 19,066/kg. The marketing pattern 2 is that the selling price of craftsmen to collectors is IDR 16,500/kg, which is then sold to KUB Central Agro Lestari for IDR 19,500/kg, then sold to wholesalers at IDR 34,264/kg. In marketing pattern 3, the distribution flow of organic coconut sugar starts from coconut sugar artisans who sell their products to collectors at a price of IDR 15,000/kg, then sold to retail traders at a price of IDR 16,125/kg. From retailers, organic coconut sugar is sold directly to end consumers at a price of IDR 17,067/kg.
PANAMA CLUSTERING MODEL FOR DISASTER PREPARATION AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN LATIN AMERICA
The January 2010 Haiti earthquake was a gamechanger in the humanitarian assistance management mechanisms. This event boosted a massive response of international collaboration, but limited capacity for organizing humanitarian aid collapsed the effective delivery of this cooperation. Faced by this case and the growing number of disasters, the Government of Panama proposed the establishment of the Regional Logistics Center for Humanitarian Assistance (CLRAH). The purpose of this study is to describe the operational structure, activation mechanisms, and impact of CLRAH as a clustering model of shared-use facilities driven by the country’s logistics capacity that promotes strategic alliances for an effective and timely response of humanitarian aid in Latin America. This study adopted an exploratory descriptive approach. Through the CLRAH, Panama has fostered a humanitarian ecosystem with a defined number of facilities supporting humanitarian logistics. IFRC, UNHRD, SINAPROC, and strategic partners strengthen this clustering model by centralizing common activities, sharing best practices, supporting each other’s operations, and taking advantage of economies of scale through their organic operating synergies. The pandemic and recent natural events have demonstrated the effectiveness of CLRAH, but new challenges question the need for expansion and more capacity.
This article provides an overview of fiscal federalism, exploring its theoretical underpinnings, practical implementations, and contemporary challenges. Fiscal federalism is defined as the financial and administrative relationships within a federal system of government, addressing the distribution of fiscal responsibilities and resources across central, regional, and local levels. The article examines key principles such as decentralization, subsidiarity, and fiscal equivalence, alongside the evolution of fiscal federalism theory through first and second-generation models. Practical implementations are analyzed using indicators like revenue assignment, expenditure responsibilities, intergovernmental transfers, and fiscal autonomy, culminating in the Fiscal Decentralization Index (FDI). The study highlights how these indicators facilitate cross-country comparisons and inform policy development. Contemporary issues such as globalization, economic disparities, asymmetric federalism, and the flypaper effect are discussed, alongside case studies from the United States, Germany, India, Brazil, and Canada, illustrating the diverse approaches to fiscal decentralization. It concludes that while fiscal federalism holds great promise for enhancing government efficiency and responsiveness, its success depends on careful implementation, continuous assessment, and adaptation to local contexts.
LEGAL DISHARMONY IN THE NEW STUDENT ADMISSION SYSTEM (DOMISILI) ON THE FULFILLMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS IN THE NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
This study aims to find out how the Disharmonization of Education Policy on the Fulfillment of the Rights of Prospective Students in the National Education System. The research used is a type of empirical normative legal research, with a statutory approach method. The types and sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials using the technique of collecting legal materials for literature studies. The results obtained in this study are: (1) There is substantive disharmony in the form of restrictions on the right to choose schools guaranteed by law, causing legal uncertainty; (2) Policy implementation reaps complex challenges such as inequality in school capacity and unequal distribution of facilities in each school, thus potentially eroding the principle of substantive justice and creating new inequality of access.
COMPARATIVE TREATISE OF REGULATIONS ON FISHERIES CRIMINAL ACTS IN INDONESIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA
The fisheries sector faces serious challenges in the form of environmentally destructive fishing practices, the use of illegal fishing gear, and overexploitation that threatens the sustainability of fish resources. This study aims to analyze the comparison of regulations and law enforcement against fisheries crimes in Indonesia and the Republic of China in order to identify similarities, differences, and policy implications for strengthening fisheries criminal law in Indonesia. This study uses a socio-legal approach with a comparative method, which views fisheries law as a social practice closely related to state policy, law enforcement mechanisms, and the socio-economic conditions of fishing communities. Analysis of legislation is still carried out as part of legal policy mapping, but is combined with a study of the practice of law enforcement and implementation. Research data was obtained through a review of Indonesian and Chinese fisheries regulations, court decisions related to fisheries crimes, law enforcement reports, as well as statistical data and official publications representing the empirical conditions of fisheries crime handling in both countries. The results of the study show that Indonesia tends to apply a cumulative criminal sanction system in the form of imprisonment and fines, while the Republic of China uses a cumulative-alternative system that provides greater flexibility to judges. Another difference lies in Indonesia's tendency to give special treatment to small-scale fishermen, while the Republic of China has stricter regulations regarding the protection of endangered fish species. This study recommends strengthening species protection regulations in Indonesia and developing differentiated policies for small-scale fishermen to improve the effectiveness of combating fisheries crime.
SERVICE QUALITY AS A DRIVER OF STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT
Private Higher Educational institutions are always struggling to ehnace student satisfaction learning outcomes. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the impact of service quality on student learning outcomes in private higher education institutions in Bahrain. Moreover, it seeks to determine the mediating role of student satisfaction in the relationship between service quality and learning outcomes. Furthermore, it aims to determine the moderating role of student engagement between student satisfaction and student learning outcomes. A quantitative survey approach was employed, utilizing PLS-SEM for data analysis to test the hypotheses. The study used a proportionate sample technique, gathering data from 89 respondents from private higher education institutions in Bahrain. The results reveal a significant influence of service quality on students' learning outcomes, with student satisfaction mediating this relationship. In addition, the findings demonstrated the significant moderating role of student engagement in the relationship between student satisfaction and student learning outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for managers and administrators of higher education institutions, enabling them to develop an effective quality service delivery system to enhance students' academic performance.
A STUDY ON DESTINATION HOSPITALITY: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE
This study assesses the local community’s perceptions of tourism hospitality in Türkiye and examines the predictive capacity of these perceptions on attitudes toward tourism effects. Addressing the cultural, social, and emotional dimensions of hospitality, this research posits that the tourism experience is underpinned not only by economic but also by socio-psychological foundations. This study used a quantitative, correlational survey method, collecting 523 online responses using the “Destination Hospitality” and the “Attitudes towards Tourism Effect” scales. The validity and reliability of both scales were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The resulting fit indices indicated that the models demonstrated an acceptable level of fit within the Turkish sample. The data analysis involved several statistical techniques: descriptive statistics, regression, correlation, t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings indicated that participants generally held moderate-to-high perceptions of destination hospitality and maintained positive attitudes toward tourism. Hospitality, particularly the dimensions of “hospitable behaviors’” and “atmosphere and safety,” was found to significantly predict and enhance positive attitudes toward tourism. Conversely, the influence of the “infrastructure and service facilities” dimension was found to be minimal. Furthermore, demographic analysis revealed that younger, unemployed, and high-income individuals reported higher perceptions of hospitality and held correspondingly more positive attitudes toward tourism. These results underscore that destination hospitality functions as a potent variable in shaping societal attitudes toward tourism.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN BRAZIL, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BULGARIA
Social and digital media have become essential tools for promoting sustainability and the circular economy. They are used in different ways depending on regional conditions. The goal of the article is to compare social media marketing activities for sustainable development promotion in Brazil and the European Union (EU), with a special focus on Bulgaria as a case study. Based on secondary data sources the article examines the impact of digital communication strategies on consumer awareness and adoption of the circular economy. The findings highlight distinct regional approaches to digital sustainability marketing.
THE BRITISH RENAISSANCE IN LITERATURE: HUMANISM, LANGUAGE, AND THE REBIRTH OF EXPRESSION
The British Renaissance is one of the most significant shifts in the history of European intellect and aesthetics, but in terms of both origin and manifestation, it also betrays some significant differences from other Renaissances. Originating in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, it entailed the recovery of classical learning in combination with the theological and political upheavals of the Reformation. This paper will contend that the British Renaissance in literature had instilled in it the concept of language-as-self-fashioning, with such works of the period, ranging from the moral humanism of Thomas More to the rhetorical effusiveness of Shakespeare, entailing not the imitation of European humanist ideals but rather their translation into the language itself, with language becoming the agent of intellectual and spiritual change. This paper traces the convergence of classical rhetorical traditions, Protestant theology, and the formation of British identity in the creation of new literary forms and modes of conscious awareness in representative authors such as More, Sidney, Spenser, Marlowe, and Shakespeare. From historical narrative to linguistic analysis, the discussion builds to a conclusion concerning Shakespeare, the ultimate product of Renaissance humanist experimentation. The British Renaissance, in effect, engendered the creation of a view of literature not just dedicated to imitation (mimesis) but rather to ‘’creative knowledge’’, or the art of describing the complexities of human freedom and moral responsibility.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DOCTRINE RES IPSA LOQUITUR IN WRONG-SIDED ACTION, WRONG PROCEDURE IN SURGERY PATIENTS
Wrong-sided, wrong-procedure surgical procedures are incidents that can occur in hospitals. These incidents can cause harm to patients and result in lawsuits against medical personnel and health workers as part of the surgical team for alleged medical malpractice. In several cases that occurred in Indonesia, the burden of proof of medical malpractice is placed on the patient, which of course can cause injustice for the patient. With this background, the purpose of this study is to determine the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur in wrong-sided, wrong-procedure surgical procedures can be applied in Indonesia in order to provide justice to patients. The approach method used is normative juridical, the research specifications in this study are descriptive analytical. The data collection technique in this study is a literature study and the analysis method in the study uses qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that to prove medical malpractice in wrong-sided, wrong-procedure surgical patients, it is best to apply the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur. This is because, under this doctrine, the burden of proof for medical malpractice rests with the doctor, not the patient, who is unfamiliar with medical knowledge. Applying this doctrine can also provide a sense of justice to patients, as Aristotle stated, who taught that everyone has proportional rights. Doctrine Res Ipsa Loquitur can be enforced through presumptive evidence concluded by the judge.
Supports are not very developed in modern robotics. It is generally accepted that robots (industrial robots) only need to be well-founded and be able to perform their tasks in their reach area. With the development of locomotion robotics, as well as with the development of the space industry, the importance of supports is gaining relevance. Nature here on Earth has shown us that supports (feet) are complex mechanisms of great importance. Revealing the importance and need for the synthesis of supports and grippers is of great importance for the development of mobile, service and space robotics. This material sheds some light on the problems related to the synthesis of support and gripper mechanisms.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AS DIDACTIC INFRASTRUCTURE: A SERIAL MEDIATION MODEL OF STUDENTS’ SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Sustainable development agendas increasingly depend on whether educational institutions can cultivate not only knowledge but also everyday pro-environmental action. Building on ethical leadership theory and self-determination theory, this study examines whether ethical leadership climate functions as a form of “didactic infrastructure” that shapes students’ sustainable behaviors through learning-environment conditions and meaning-related psychological mechanisms. Using cross-sectional survey data from higher education students (final analytic sample N = 769 after attention-check screening), we tested a serial mediation model linking ethical leadership climate to sustainable behavior through didactic climate (autonomy-supportive teaching, perceived course value, and belonging/collaboration), basic psychological need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness), and moral motivation (purpose-oriented study motives, prosocial impact orientation, and openness to value diversity). Path analyses with robust standard errors and bootstrap confidence intervals indicated that ethical leadership climate was strongly associated with didactic climate and, in turn, with need satisfaction and moral motivation. Sustainable behavior was significantly predicted by moral motivation, need satisfaction, and didactic climate, while the direct effect of ethical leadership on sustainable behavior diminished once the mediating mechanisms were included, consistent with an indirect-effects explanation. The model accounted for substantial variance in sustainable behavior even after controlling for demographic and background covariates. Findings suggest that sustainable student conduct is not merely an individual preference but an outcome of ethically grounded institutional climates that support autonomy, belonging, and purpose-making within learning environments.
ANTI-BULLYING AMBASSADOR PROGRAM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PALEMBANG TO REALIZE 'ASTA CITA OF THE PRABOWO GIBRAN ADMINISTRATION’
Children's rights are threatened by school bullying, which also affects their mental health and academic success. Existing laws have not been so effective about protecting children from bullying. This is a study of the legal protection of children from the bullying of the "Anti-Bullying Ambassador Selection" program in the City of Palembang using both normative and empirical approaches. The first approach is normative analysis, which reviews the Indonesian legal framework, particularly in Law No. 35 of 2014, on Child Protection. It also examines Permendikbud No. 82 of 2015, which mandate schools to prevent violence and ensure safe learning environments. This empirical study has a survey sample of 385 students from 19 participating program schools. High awareness of bullying is already seen (99.5%), yet a prevalence of verbal (91.4%) and social bullying (53.2%). Students report significant psychological effects but also testify strong trust on peer-led interventions, with 91.7% willing to rely on ambassadors. Additionally, economic-wise, the program could contribute positively to the country. Findings confirm that peer-based initiatives complement existing regulations, institutionalize participation, and align with the Asta Cita vision for a safe and inclusive educational environment.
COLLATERAL CHAOS: HOW INEFFICIENCIES IN MORTGAGE LAW ENFORCEMENT THREATEN THE STABILITY OF INDONESIAN BANKING
Mortgage rights play a crucial role in maintaining banking stability by providing legal protection to creditors through collateral enforcement mechanisms; however, enforcement inefficiencies, inconsistent judicial decisions, and bureaucratic delays hamper their effectiveness in Indonesia. This study examines the systemic risks arising from failed mortgage enforcement by integrating legal analysis and financial risk assessment, offering a novel interdisciplinary perspective. The study hypothesizes that delays and inconsistencies in mortgage enforcement increase financial sector risk, limit credit growth, and weaken banking liquidity. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes relevant laws and regulations, court decisions, and conceptual frameworks, complemented by interviews with legal experts, banking practitioners, and financial regulators. The results indicate that inefficient mortgage enforcement in Indonesia directly impacts banking stability by increasing systemic risk, particularly through delays in credit recovery, legal uncertainty, and increasing non-performing loans (NPLs). Slow collateral execution processes, inconsistent court decisions, and conflicting priorities between creditors weaken the function of mortgages as a risk mitigation instrument, thereby reducing creditor confidence, hampering credit distribution, and squeezing bank liquidity. Compared to countries with more efficient execution mechanisms, this situation makes the Indonesian banking sector more vulnerable to financial instability, necessitating legal and procedural reforms to strengthen legal certainty, expedite collateral execution, and enhance financial system resilience.
DIGITAL POLICING OF THE DIRECTORATE OF CYBER CRIME (DITTIPIDSIBER) BARESKRIM POLRI IN HANDLING ONLINE GAMBLING AFTER THE NEW PENAL CODE
This research aims to analyze the digital policing of the Directorate of Cyber Crime (Dittipidsiber) Bareskrim Polri in the handling of online gambling after the new Criminal Code. The focus of this research covers the development of rampant online gambling in Indonesia, the regulation of online gambling in the new Criminal Code, and the policing of the Dittipidsiber Bareskrim Polri regarding the handling of online gambling after the new Criminal Code. The paradigm of this research is the paradigm of constructivism. The research approach used by the author is a qualitative research approach. The method used by the researcher is a descriptive method of analysis. The results of the research show that 1) Online gambling is one form of law violation that needs to be eradicated. Driving factors can come from the individual himself or from the environment. Perception of the game, economic factors, and legal awareness are internal factors that encourage players to gamble online. Meanwhile, environmental factors and technological development are external factors driving online gambling; 2) in this online gambling arrangement, a mistake was found, namely the diction of "permission" in the Criminal Code. The regulation of online gambling in the Information Technology and Electronic Law is appropriate in it; 3) The policing of the Dittipidsiber Bareskrim Polri regarding the handling of online gambling has basically been implemented through preemptive, preventive, and repressive strategies. Dittipidsiber Bareskrim Polri in handling online gambling has also implemented communication, coordination and collaboration, both in the internal and external scope, although Dittipidsiber Bareskrim Polri still tends to put forward repressive strategies. After the New Criminal Code, effective law enforcement against online gambling requires a synergy between smart regulation, the use of technology, strong international cooperation, sustainable prevention efforts, and active support from the community.
EXAMINING THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROJECT AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
The authors argue that project management lacks a single unified theory, and that projects operate in open systems where outcomes depend heavily on context. Despite this, research practice often adopts methodologies that implicitly assume closed systems and linear causality. The paper contends that the search for general cause–effect patterns tends to marginalize the particular features that shape outcomes, while exclusive focus on the particular prevents the development of shared patterns and normative recommendations. The article reviews paradigms and epistemological foundations in the field and then audits recent journal publications to examine whether researchers state and apply methodology coherently.
MULTI-CRITERION ANALYSIS OF SAFETY PRINCIPLES FOR OPERATING HYDRAULIC PLATFORMS IN THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
Hydraulic lifting platforms enable firefighters and rescue workers to respond effectively and safely in difficult conditions. Machinery must comply with safety requirements, and protective measures must be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards and risks. Operators of this equipment must undergo training to be able to use this type of firefighting equipment correctly and effectively, with regard to their own safety and the safety of the people being rescued.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
This study explores the historical and sociological foundations of the information society through an interdisciplinary framework combining the sociology of knowledge, philosophy of science, and the history of computing. Building on Edgar Morin’s seven essential forms of knowledge, the study argues that contemporary education must shift from mere information transmission to cultivating epistemic awareness, rational knowledge production, Earth identity, ethical responsibility, and the capacity to confront uncertainty. The first section examines the philosophical foundations of the sociology of knowledge through Karl Mannheim’s theory of existential determination, as well as the Enlightenment’s rational ideal and its critique by the Frankfurt School. Habermas’s reconstruction of rationality through knowledge-constitutive interests is presented as a critical pathway for emancipatory knowledge. The second section analyzes scientific production as a sociological process via Kuhn’s paradigm theory, Bourdieu’s field analysis, and Burke’s social history of knowledge. The third section outlines the historical evolution of computation from mechanical devices to modern digital infrastructures, emphasizing sociotechnical transformation. Finally, the integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare is evaluated through ethical and regulatory challenges such as algorithmic bias, transparency, accountability, and privacy. The study concludes that the ultimate test of the information society is not knowledge production itself, but the ability to remain human through ethical and critical engagement with knowledge.
ANOTHER LOOK AT THE EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON REAL SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA
This study examines the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on real sector productivity in Nigeria, focusing on the agricultural and industrial sectors over the period 1991–2024. The study is motivated by persistent exchange rate instability and inconclusive empirical evidence on its implications for sectoral productivity. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) techniques to capture both dynamic and asymmetric relationships between exchange rate movements and sectoral productivity, following unit root and bounds tests for cointegration. The results reveal stable long-run relationships between exchange rate movements and sectoral productivity. Exchange rate depreciation has a positive and significant long-run effect on agricultural and industrial productivity, with asymmetric effects more pronounced in the industrial sector. Short-run exchange rate effects are largely insignificant, reflecting adjustment costs and delayed investment responses. The study concludes that exchange rate fluctuations influence real sector productivity mainly through long-run and asymmetric channels. It therefore recommends prioritising exchange rate stability and policy consistency, alongside sector-specific measures to strengthen domestic productive capacity and reduce import dependence for sustainable productivity growth in Nigeria.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON FRAUD DETECTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR: A STUDY OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA
This paper attempts to evaluate how the elements of internal control systems affect fraud detection in the Central Bank of Nigeria. It also assessed the moderating role of emotional intelligence on such influence. The research was based on the COSO framework coupled with a quantitative approach and survey strategy. A structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was adopted. The study received 401 valid responses, which were used for multiple regression and mediation analyses. The research identifies Risk Assessment and Information and Communication, elements of the COSO framework, as well as Emotional Intelligence, to significantly promote fraud detection. Similarly, the three sub-factors of Control Environment, Control Activities, and Monitoring Activities do not have any significant effect on fraud detection. The effects of both Risk Assessment and Information and Communication were also found to be moderated by emotional intelligence and not just a direct predictor. These results highlight the consequences of integrating behavioural competencies with formal control structures to enhance the capability of detecting fraud in the organisation. The study concludes that a combined focus on procedural safeguards and emotional awareness offers a more effective approach to combating fraud, with implications for training, internal system design, and institutional policy reform in high-risk financial institutions.
MODERATING IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND OIL PRICE CHANGES ON INFLATION IN NIGERIA: AN ARDL APPROACH
This study explores the moderating effect of government spending and oil price changes on inflation in Nigeria from 1986 to 2024, using annual data. Inflation is measured by the Consumer Price Index, while the main explanatory variables include the official exchange rate, broad money supply, oil price, real interest rate, and an interaction term between government expenditure and oil price. An ARDL estimation technique was used and the ADF Unit root tests confirm that all variables are non-stationary at levels but stationary at first difference, suggesting they are integrated of order one. The bounds test reveals a long-run relationship among the variables. In the long run, the interaction term has a positive and significant effect on inflation (coefficient = 0.7906), indicating that rising oil prices and government spending together increase inflation. Oil price alone reduces inflation in the long run (-0.5096), while the exchange rate is positively related to inflation (0.3437), and the real interest rate negatively impacts inflation (-0.0325). In the short run, oil price increases reduce inflation, but higher government spending during oil booms reverses this effect. The error correction term suggests that 33% of deviations from equilibrium are corrected annually.
THE QUALITY OF UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
In the context of international integration and digital transformation in higher education, the demand for high-quality accounting bachelor's degree training is becoming increasingly urgent. This requires higher education institutions to improve their training programs to ensure graduates meet labor market demands and enhance competitiveness. This article analyzes, evaluates, and measures the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training in higher education institutions. The research sample consists of final-year students and alumni of higher education institutions majoring in accounting. We use a quantitative research method with the support of SPSS statistical software. The results show that the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training reaches a level of 3.044 on a 5-point Likert scale, reflecting a fairly average assessment of training quality by students. This indicates that students have a certain level of satisfaction but still desire improvement, especially in practical skills—a core element for the accounting profession. Overall, the quality of training has reached an acceptable level, but it is not truly outstanding in the context of increasingly high professional demands. This result is also consistent with the previous study's observation that the quality of university training in general and accounting in particular needs significant improvement in practical skills, application, and engagement with businesses (Jackling & De Lange, 2009). Based on the research results, we propose several recommendations for higher education institutions to improve the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training.
INFLUENCING FACTORS THE QUALITY OF UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The purpose of this study was to conduct an investigation of the factors affecting the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training in higher education institutions (CLDT), including the capacity of higher education institutions (CSGD), learners (NH), and employers (NTD). We use qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods. With the samples of 265 third-year and fourth-year accounting students and alumni of the accounting program at the University of Labour and Social Affairs, Vietnam, the results of this research show factors affecting the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training in higher education institutions (CLDT): capacity of higher education institutions (CSGD), but learners (NH) and employers (NTD) do not affect the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training in higher education institutions (CLDT). Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to enhance the quality of accounting bachelor's degree training in higher education institutions (CLDT) through the capacity of higher education institutions (CSGD). This study is also a useful reference for universities and accountant human resource researchers.
DO MODELO PREVIDENCIÁRIO AO DIREITO UNIVERSAL: A EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DO SUS E O FORTALECIMENTO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Considerando a trajetória histórica da organização da saúde no Brasil, marcada pela segmentação do modelo previdenciário e pela exclusão de amplos contingentes populacionais do acesso à assistência, o presente estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de compreender a transição para o direito universal instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Objetiva-se analisar a evolução histórica do sistema de saúde brasileiro, destacando a passagem do modelo contributivo para a universalização do acesso e examinando seus impactos no fortalecimento das políticas públicas. Para tanto, procede-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza histórico-analítica, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e documental, com análise de marcos normativos e produções científicas sobre a Reforma Sanitária e a consolidação do SUS. Desse modo, observa-se que a institucionalização do SUS representou ruptura estrutural com a lógica excludente anterior, ampliando a cobertura assistencial, fortalecendo a descentralização e instituindo mecanismos de participação social, ainda que persistam desafios relacionados ao financiamento e às desigualdades regionais. Conclui-se que a universalização da saúde constitui uma das mais relevantes conquistas democráticas brasileiras, cuja sustentabilidade depende de compromisso político contínuo e aprimoramento institucional permanente.
Kelly Cristina Encide de Vasconcelos Donadai
Isabel Cristina Amaral de Sousa Rosso Nelson
Andreia Karla de Carvalho Barbosa Cavalcante
SUSTAINABLE GOVERNANCE OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: EVOLUTION AND POLICY TRENDS OF LANDSCAPE GENE CONSERVATION IN CHINA (2003–2025)
Objective: From the perspective of sustainable governance, this study explores the evolutionary trajectory of "landscape gene" research in China to understand how policy frameworks and legal instruments shape the preservation of traditional settlements.Methods: Utilizing bibliometric tool CiteSpace , a quantitative analysis was conducted on literature from the CNKI database (2003–2025), focusing on the intersection of heritage conservation, environmental law, and digital governance.Results: The research reveals that landscape gene studies in China have evolved through three logical dimensions: theoretical ontology construction, multi-scale empirical verification, and methodological innovation driven by strategic policy responses. Since 2017, the field has entered a phase of intensive growth, shifting from qualitative descriptions to digital and intelligent integration.Conclusion: The evolution of landscape gene research is deeply intertwined with China’s national strategies, such as "Rural Revitalization" and the "Protection of Traditional Villages," reflecting a transition from spontaneous academic interest to a policy-led governance model. To enhance the sustainable development of cultural landscapes, future research must further integrate legal-spatial frameworks with digital technology, ensuring that heritage conservation is supported by robust institutional mechanisms and internationalized theoretical standards.
PRÁCTICAS DE ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR EN EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el conocimiento y aplicación de la Economía Circular en el marco del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 12 Producción y consumo responsable en las empresas turísticas en Los Cabos, Baja California Sur. Se diseñó una encuesta con un enfoque mixto para 56 empresas del sector. Los hallazgos encontraron un grado de integración medio en la EC y en el ODS 12. Los programas de mitigación de la contaminación del ambiente y de reducción del uso de envases en los productos, identifican oportunidades. El cumplimiento de la circularidad en el destino, se presenta como elemento necesario y sustentable, y competitivo, para la práctica del turismo sostenible.
THE RULES OF SEEKING PERMISSION IN SURAH AN-NUR A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE RULINGS OF THE QUR’AN BY AL-JASSAS (D. 370 AH) AND AL-JAMI’ LI-AHKAM AL-QUR’AN BY AL-QURTUBI (D. 671 AH)
This research aims to demonstrate the rulings on seeking permission mentioned in Surah An-Nur, through a comparative study between the interpretations of Al-Jassas's "Ahkam Al-Qur'an" and Al-Qurtubi's "Al-Jami' li-Ahkam Al-Qur'an." The study clarifies the points of agreement and disagreement between the opinions of each of the two imams regarding the rulings on seeking permission, and presents the views of jurists andATheir guidance, with a focus on the linguistic and technical concept of seeking permission, and an explanation of the wisdom behind its legitimacy, and its ruling.
TRANSFORMACIÓN DE CURVATURA EN PROYECCIONES ORTOGONALES: UN ANÁLISIS VISUAL Y GEOMÉTRICO DE CURVAS ESPACIALES
La geometría diferencial clásica nos ofrece herramientas poderosas, como la curvatura y la torsión, para comprender las curvas en el espacio. Sin embargo, visualizar intuitivamente cómo se “retuerce” una curva tridimensional sigue siendo un desafío pedagógico y analítico. Este artículo propone una metodología novedosa para abordar este problema: la construcción de una nueva curva generada a partir de las curvaturas de las proyecciones ortogonales de la curva original. Mediante el uso del programa de cálculo simbólico computacional Maple, analizamos dos casos de estudio: la hélice circular y el nudo tórico. Los resultados revelan que esta transformación actúa como una “huella digital” geométrica, capaz de simplificar la visualización de la torsión (como en el caso de la hélice, donde la transformada resulta ser plana) o de evidenciar la complejidad topológica en curvas anudadas. Esta técnica ofrece una nueva perspectiva para la clasificación y el análisis visual de curvas en el espacio euclidiano tridimensional (R^3).
O IMPULSIONAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS PEDIÁTRICO NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UMA ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA
O diabetes mellitus é uma síndrome de comprometimento do metabolismo dos carboidratos, das gorduras e das proteínas, causada pela ausência de secreção de insulina ou por redução da sensibilidade dos tecidos à insulina. Nota-se que o número de crianças e adolescentes que apresentam (DM2) cresce cada vez mais na atualidade e em 2020, um fato singular vem como princípio de uma grande mudança na rotina dos mesmos: a pandemia da COVID-19 (sigla em inglês para coronavirus disease 2019), doença provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 (sigla em inglês para severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). O presente trabalho busca elucidar a conexão entre o impulsionamento do DM2 infantil com o período de pandemia da COVID-19, correlacionando possíveis fatores predisponentes. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa da literatura de abordagem qualitativa. O impulsionamento dos casos de DM2 em crianças e adolescentes tem sido uma realidade das últimas décadas, contudo, sua ascensão mediante a pandemia da COVID-19 ainda carece de estudos mais aprofundados. A abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica do DM2 em crianças e adolescentes ainda se mostra como um desafio a ser enfrentado e são necessários novos estudos práticos para viabilizar a criação de diretrizes para o seguimento da doença nesse público.
THE ORIGINS OF CRITICISMS ON CALIPH ʿUTHMAN B. ʿAFFAN’S POLICY OF APPOINTING GOVERNORS AND HIS GENEROSITY TOWARDS HIS OWN RELATIVES
This study examines the accusations directed against the third caliph, ʿUthman b. ʿAffan, alleging that he appointed his relatives to governorships on the basis of kinship rather than merit. The criticisms also claim that he granted substantial financial assistance to his relatives and disregarded the advice given to him in opposition to these practices. The research explores the origins of these allegations and emphasizes that they largely stem from Shiʿi groups and are therefore biased. Our analysis shows that ʿUthman observed balance and merit in his appointments, and that the financial assistance he provided to his relatives came from his personal wealth, with no relation to the state treasury. The article concludes that these criticisms were shaped by the politico-religious environment that emerged after ʿUthman’s rule, and that they continue to serve as arguments for various oppositional movements today.
ROLE OF CENTRALIZED BMS IN ENHANCING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN SMART MALLS AND HOTELS
As cyber-physical service systems, comfort, safety, customer experience, cost, and the requirement that all are provided simultaneously-thus requiring a smart solution-are thus the fundamental properties of smart malls and hotels. BAS, or Building Automation System, with Building Energy Management Systems being a special case with emphasis on energy, have thus evolved from mere supervisory control to data acquisition, supervisory control, analytics, and, most importantly, a governing model. This systematic study will aggregate all available evidence from 2020 to 2025 on the benefits of Centralized Building Management System as a model for improving operation efficiency in Smart malls and hotels. Our study synthesized all relevant evidence in five key areas described by the individual authors, including energy and carbon, fault detection/diagnostics - maintenance productivity, indoor environmental quality, enterprise integration, cybersecurity, and assurance, by adopting PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Coherently in all ascertained evidence, there seems to be a coherent trend that the key to improved operational efficiency is totally encapsulated in the phrase "analytics to action" since even as there is "interoperable connectivity of all devices allowing high-fidelity visibility," there is room for a "continuous commissioning based on FDD/AFDD, occupancy-based control, and optimization, which must translate into 'governed actions' through CMMS/PMS with measurement & verification." Lately, studies have found Building Energy Management Systems with the aid of digital twin technology to be efficient, as well as Analytic Function Detection Diagnosis with the aid of agent/ontology technology to improve interpretable diagnosis reports, although there are gaps in evidence, with some authors citing the benefits seen by others by virtual modeling or simulation. We present our reference architecture as well as our KPIs, with a matching research requirement that will focus on credible study designs, as well as the use of semantic modeling as well as security by design, by utilizing protocol extension technologies like BACnet SC.
LITERATURE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN BUKET UZUNER’S NATURE TETRALOGY: AN ECOCRITICAL ANALYSIS
This study examines Buket Uzuner’s novels, Su (Water), Toprak (Earth), Hava (Air), and Ateş (Fire), which are fictionalised under the title, ‘Uyumsuz Defne Kaman’ın Maceraları (The Adventures of Incompatible Defne Kaman)’, within the framework of sustainability and ecocriticism. The manuscript aims to demonstrate that the four novels do not simply use the environmental crisis as a background element; rather, they transform it into a field of conflict and debate with ethical, political, and pedagogical dimensions. The study employs a combination of text-centred close reading, thematic content analysis, and critical discourse analysis within the qualitative research paradigm. Themes related to sustainability were identified under the headings of water management, energy regimes, ecological justice, cultural heritage, migration, and risk society. These themes were systematically coded throughout the four novels and evaluated through inter-novel comparison. The findings show that the tetralogy operates on three fundamental levels. First, the text establishes narrative strategies that treat nature as a value domain and an active entity, thereby critically questioning the anthropocentric perspective. Second, the tetralogy connects ecofeminist sensibility with intergenerational transmission, cultural memory, and everyday life practices, thus creating a functional ground for ethical learning and awareness. Third, the novels explicitly articulate the political and economic determinants of environmental problems by employing institutional critique and dystopian or ironic narrative elements. The study also exhibits that the portrayal of sustainability in the novel enables readers to internalize environmental issues beyond the level of knowledge, through their emotional involvement and ethical awareness.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE STANDING CORPS INSTITUTION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU LAW AND OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
The creation of the Standing Corps under the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) marks a significant development in the European Union’s efforts to strengthen the management of its external borders. As the first uniformed and permanent corps under EU authority, this institution reflects the Union’s growing capacity to act collectively in the fields of migration, security, and law enforcement. This paper investigates the contribution of the Standing Corps to the practical implementation of EU law and the safeguarding of fundamental rights. It explores how the Corps operates at the intersection between national and supranational governance, enforcing EU border and migration policies while being bound by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and international legal standards. Through an examination of legal frameworks, institutional reports, and recent operational data, the study assesses the Corps’ role in ensuring compliance with principles such as proportionality, non-discrimination, and non-refoulement. Furthermore, the paper discusses the mechanisms of accountability and oversight that accompany the deployment of Standing Corps officers, focusing on training, monitoring, and complaint-handling systems. These mechanisms aim to balance the operational needs of effective border control with the ethical and legal imperatives of human rights protection. The analysis concludes that the Standing Corps represents both an operational innovation and a normative test for the European Union. Its success depends not only on efficiency and coordination but also on maintaining transparency, democratic legitimacy, and a firm commitment to fundamental rights as cornerstones of EU action (Korontzis, 2022, c).
PLA/PBAT/ENR TERNARY BLENDS: HEAT DISTORTION TEMPERATURE, OXYGEN TRANSMISSION RATE AND WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION RATE
The aim of this research was to study the heat distortion temperature, oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate of PLA/PBAT/ENR ternary blends. Climate change, pollution, and depletion of natural resources are pressing global environmental issues. As the urgency of these issues increases, the need for sustainable alternatives becomes more apparent. Hence, the biodegradable plastics still have a limitation, i.e. high cost. This research studied methods of lowering the cost of biodegradable plastic and of improving its properties by using epoxidized natural rubber as another polymer of polymer blends. Then, ternary blends of poly (lactic acid), epoxidized natural rubber and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) were investigated and prepared by using twin-screw extruder, followed by use of a blown film extruder to fabricate biodegradable films. The proportion of ENR in the ternary blends was fixed at 10 wt%, with the remainder being PLA and PBAT. Moreover, the heat distortion temperature, oxygen gas transmission rate, and water vapor transmission rate were investigated.
CUSTOMARY LAW OF KYRGYZSTAN AND THE SPECIFICS OF THE FORMATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS (AGE DIFFERENTIATION OF PARTICIPANTS AND PROTECTION OF RIGHTS)
The insufficient study of customary law in theoretical jurisprudence, criminal law, and criminal procedure, its inadequate consideration in the development of modern democratic society, modern criminal procedure law, and other factors not only complicate the regulation of social relations but also give rise to conflicting views. The issues of age differentiation of legal participants and the formation of a human rights function are examined.
ANTIFUNGAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONARIUM AND ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM AGAINST CITRUS FRUITS PESTS AND DISEASES
Of all the insect pests threatening fruit tree cultivation, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is considered one of the most damaging species, particularly for citrus and peach trees in Mediterranean countries.The main objective of this work is to evaluate the antifungal and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) and Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae) against the pests of orange, Citrus sinensis,namely the insect Ceratitis capitata and the pathogenic fungi that accompany it.The essential oils of the two plants used were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Their antifungal activity was tested by radial culture and their insecticidal activity by fumigation.All essential oils exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp1, Penicillium sp, and Fusarium sp2 at the highest concentration (5 µL/mlair). Achillea millefolium essential oil induced 100% mortality after 24 hours of exposure in adult Ceratitis capitata pests. However, for Chrysanthemum coronarium essential oil, larvae were the most affected stage, reaching approximately 35% mortality at the dose (5 µL/ml air).These essential oils could be used as antifungal and fumigant agents against Ceratitis capitata by increasing the dose.
USO DE SMARTPHONE EM ADULTOS E JOVENS: CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE IDADE, TEMPO DE TELA E DEPENDÊNCIA- SPAI BR
O presente artigo analisa a dependência de smartphones entre jovens universitários sob a perspectiva do direito à desconexão e da sustentabilidade humana no contexto do Antropoceno. A pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa e transversal, avaliou 281 adultos com idade média de 24,2 anos, utilizando o questionário SPAI-BR para aferir a dependência digital, correlacionando-a com tempo de tela, perfil epidemiológico e condições de saúde autorrelatadas. Os resultados demonstram que 76,5% dos participantes apresentam dependência do smartphone, com tempo médio de uso diário de 6,12 horas. Constatou-se correlação inversa entre idade e escore de dependência (p<0,001) e correlação positiva entre horas de uso e dependência (p=0,010). Jovens do sexo feminino, solteiros e com autopercepção negativa de saúde apresentaram maiores índices de dependência. Conclui-se que a universalização do acesso à internet, embora concretize direitos fundamentais à informação e à comunicação, produziu externalidades negativas não antecipadas pelo ordenamento jurídico. O direito à desconexão emerge, assim, como nova categoria de direito fundamental na sociedade digital, exigindo respostas interdisciplinares que articulem Direito, Saúde Coletiva e políticas públicas de sustentabilidade humana.
OS MECANISMOS DE INDUÇÃO AO CUMPRIMENTO DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL À LUZ DA TEORIA LIBERAL DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
Na literatura, há uma carência de pesquisa acadêmica, teórica e empírica, sobre o cumprimento estatal das decisões dos regimes jurídicos internacionais. Especificamente, são poucos os trabalhos, a partir das teorias das relações internacionais, não obstante tratar-se de relevante tema de investigação. Entretanto, os mecanismos de indução ao cumprimento do direito internacional somente podem ser compreendidos em toda a sua plenitude mediante ferramentas metodológicas interdisciplinares, que combinem trabalhos empíricos com a revisão da literatura das teorias das relações internacionais, apesar das dificuldades de se estudar vários campos de pesquisa ao mesmo tempo. Diante disso, buscou-se analisar o fenômeno do cumprimento do direito internacional, a partir dos argumentos centrais do paradigma liberal das relações internacionais. Constatou-se que, para o liberalismo, não é possível entender de maneira separada as políticas que ocorrem dentro e fora de um Estado democrático, assim, instituições, grupos e práticas sociais nacionais e transnacionais influenciam-se reciprocamente e produzem consideráveis desdobramentos para a cooperação internacional, com destaque para o cumprimento do direito internacional.
MARX E ECOLOGIA: UMA CRITÍCA AO CAPITALISMO VERDE
O presente trabalho analisa o capitalismo verde, ou seja, a face ecológica do capital, que é a tentativa de conciliar o desenvolvimento sustentável com a obtenção de lucro. Ademais, constata-se a impossibilidade do capitalismo de cessar as crises ambientais, não obstante a criação de projetos sustentáveis. Para tanto, a partir do método dedutivo, investiga-se na literatura pertinente a relação do pensamento marxista com a ecologia e, também, a (in)coerência do capitalismo verde com as crises ambientais. Desse modo, mediante uma abordagem marxista sobre a exploração da natureza, o estudo evidencia que a perpetuação dos interesses da burguesia, por meio da alienação, mascara os problemas ambientais, inerentes à lógica do acúmulo de capital, numa tentativa de coadunar princípios de livre mercado com uma exploração sustentável da natureza. Diante disso, chega-se à conclusão de que o capitalismo verde não é capaz de solucionar as crises ambientais, pois resta clara a contradição entre exploração sustentável e sistema capitalista.
VEDAÇÃO À PROTEÇÃO DEFICIENTE NO ESTATUTO DO DESARMAMENTO
O presente artigo analisa a política de desarmamento brasileira sob a ótica da vedação à proteção deficiente, princípio decorrente da eficácia objetiva dos direitos fundamentais. Parte-se da premissa de que o Estado não apenas deve abster-se de violar direitos fundamentais, mas também possui dever positivo de proteção. A partir dessa perspectiva, investiga-se se políticas excessivamente restritivas ao acesso a armas de fogo podem configurar proteção insuficiente ao direito à vida, à liberdade e à autodefesa. O estudo examina o Estatuto do Desarmamento (Lei nº 10.826/2003), o referendo de 2005 e a dimensão constitucional da autodefesa como expressão da dignidade da pessoa humana e da liberdade individual. Utiliza-se metodologia dogmático-jurídica, com análise da legislação, da doutrina constitucional contemporânea e da jurisprudência pertinente. Conclui-se que o controle constitucional das políticas de desarmamento deve observar o equilíbrio entre a proibição de excesso e a vedação à proteção deficiente, admitindo-se modelo de flexibilização regulada que preserve a segurança pública sem esvaziar a dimensão defensiva dos direitos fundamentais.
CURRÍCULO, DIDÁCTICA Y EVALUACIÓN EN LA PROPUESTA DE DISEÑO CURRICULAR PARA LA EDUCACIÓN MEDIA TÉCNICA PROFESIONAL
El abordaje se realiza mediante la revisión de autores, iniciando con los conceptos de currículo, en segundo lugar, didáctica y en tercer momento la evaluación, comparado a la vez la información presentada en la propuesta curricular para la educación media técnica profesional. La propuesta curricular de la educación media técnica profesional, presenta la relación de los elementos de competencia, contenidos, expectativas de logro y sugerencias de evaluación, no se indica una sugerencia de abordaje metodológico especifico por modulo, taller y asignatura, el enfoque permite una nueva conceptualización de currículo, una conceptualización de didáctica que permitirá el diseño y desarrollo de la propuesta curricular, y así definir las diferentes estrategias de evaluación de los aprendizajes que se ajuste al enfoque curricular elegido. Se define un modelo curricular para el diseño del currículo, la didáctica y la evaluación, solamente se definen a nivel de concepto, sin establecer la relación que tiene el diseño curricular con la didáctica y la evaluación, en la puesta en práctica del currículo, la misma se plantea de forma independiente.
ENHANCİNG PERSON-ORGANİZATİON FİT THROUGH WORKPLACE SPİRİTUALİTY
Workplace spirituality is a concept that expresses spiritual needs and values of employees at work. On the other hand, person-organization fit refers to the harmony between the employee's individual values and the organizational culture and goals. In this study, the relationship between workplace spirituality and person-organization fit was examined. When creating the research model of this study, it is thought that employees' giving importance to moral values at work contributes to their greater commitment to the organization and their motivation for their work. Therefore, it is suggested that there can be a positive relationship between workplace spirituality, person-organization fit and job security. Hence, in this study we will discuss both of these concepts; workplace spirituality and person-organization fit and we will reveal the findings of our field study regarding our research model. Findings of the research showed that practices related to spiritual values in the workplace can increase person-organization fit and job securit.
APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROYECTOS PARA LA COMPETENCIA ESTADÍSTICA
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia del aprendizaje basado en proyectos en la competencia estadística en estudiantes universitarios, considerando las dimensiones de alfabetización estadística y razonamiento estadístico, sustentada en el enfoque constructivista, la teoría del procesamiento de la información y las orientaciones del informe GAISE de la American Statistical Association. Esta indagación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque de investigación cuantitativa, diseño preexperimental longitudinal; y alcance explicativo. Se trabajó con un solo grupo n=30 al que se aplicó una preprueba y una posprueba mediante un instrumento validado de 20 ítems. El análisis de datos, realizado con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, incluyó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas. Los resultados evidenciaron mejoras significativas en la competencia estadística, luego de la intervención del ABP el 67% se encontraron en el nivel de excelente, este resultado incluye las dimensiones de alfabetización estadística y razonamiento estadístico. Estos hallazgos confirman que el ABP constituye una estrategia pedagógica efectiva para fortalecer la capacidad de comprender conceptos, interpretar y analizar datos, así como también argumentar en base a datos para la toma de decisiones con evidencia numérica.
ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW IN GREENHOUSE CUCUMBERS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN MONGOLIA
Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production in Mongolia, causing significant yield losses and increased management costs. The present study aimed to identify the causal agent of cucumber powdery mildew using morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Cucumber leaf samples exhibiting typical powdery mildew symptoms were collected from greenhouse production systems in five climatically distinct regions of Mongolia. Morphological examination revealed abundant mycelia and conidiophores bearing chains of ovoid to ellipsoid–ovoid conidia. Fibrosin bodies were consistently observed within conidia from all samples, indicating characteristics typical of Podosphaera xanthii. Molecular identification was performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with universal and species-specific primers. PCR results confirmed the presence of powdery mildew fungi, and species-specific amplification identified P. xanthii as the predominant pathogen in three of the five sampled regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences, conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method, demonstrated that the Mongolian isolates clustered within the Podosphaera xanthii clade together with reference sequences retrieved from GenBank. DNA sequences of representative isolates were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession numbers MW939431, MW939432, and MW939433. This study provides the first comprehensive morphological and molecular characterization of cucumber powdery mildew pathogens in Mongolia and confirms Podosphaera xanthii as the primary causal agent under greenhouse conditions. The findings contribute valuable baseline information for the development of effective disease management strategies and future epidemiological studies.
GOVERNANÇA DE PESSOAS, ESG E INTEGRIDADE ESTATAL
A incorporação dos princípios ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) à governança pública tem ampliado o debate sobre os mecanismos institucionais necessários para assegurar sustentabilidade organizacional, integridade administrativa e geração de valor público. Este artigo analisa a governança de pessoas como dimensão estruturante da agenda ESG no setor público, propondo um modelo conceitual que integra governança de pessoas, integridade institucional e sustentabilidade organizacional como capacidades estratégicas do Estado contemporâneo. O estudo adota abordagem qualitativa de natureza teórico-analítica, baseada em revisão sistematizada da literatura internacional sobre governança pública, ESG e gestão estratégica de pessoas. Os resultados indicam que sistemas de governança de pessoas orientados à integridade, diversidade e accountability fortalecem a confiança pública, reduzem riscos organizacionais e ampliam a capacidade de execução das políticas públicas. O estudo contribui ao demonstrar que a governança de pessoas constitui infraestrutura institucional da sustentabilidade estatal, integrando dimensões frequentemente analisadas de forma fragmentada na literatura.
PREOPERATIVE DELINEATION OF DEEPLY INVASIVE CUTANEOUS TUMORS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF HIGH-PRECISION IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOMES
To achieve oncological control and functional preservation, deep invasion of cutaneous tumours should be properly detected during preoperative diagnosis. New imaging methods of high precision are emerging to enhance depth and margin evaluation in locations where clinical inspection and conventional imaging are insufficient. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic performance and impact on surgical planning, and evidence for oncologic and functional outcomes associated with advanced imaging technologies for preoperative assessment of deep cutaneous invasion. A systematic review was done cross several databases like MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov. Eligible studies were proposals, prospective series, relevant observational studies and trial cohorts with diagnostic accuracy evaluation where high-precision imaging was compared with histopathology/surgery findings. QUADAS-2, ROBINS-I and ROBIS assessed the risk of bias. Twenty-two studies met inclusion. High-resolution MRI correlated the best to histology, and showed measurable reductions in re-excision rates, especially for facial and complex sites. High-frequency ultrasound was able to give accurate real-time estimates of depth but was operator-dependent and not standardised in terms of reporting. Both OCT and RCM are examples of optical methods that can provide cellular-level lateral mapping but suffer from shallow penetration. In their initial trials, photoacoustic and terahertz outperformed X-ray imaging, offering complementary functional contrast and promising thickness estimates. However, these observations have yet to be validated in clinical workflows, and further investigation is warranted in this area. The majority of evidence relates to technical accuracy rather than patient centred outcomes.Using imaging scans can help reduce the incompleteness of the excision procedure in select places. Routine adoption should be targeted and evidence driven. Future experiments involving imaging will include the recurrence of the disease, nerve preservation and cost-effectiveness and standardized performance metrics.
DIGITAL LEARNING TOOLS AND SOCIAL COLLABORATION IN CLASSROOMS: TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IN ENHANCING PEER INTERACTION
The widespread integration of digital learning tools has transformed traditional teaching methods, particularly in primary education, where fostering social development is fundamental. This qualitative exploratory study examines how teachers in private primary schools in Islamabad and Rawalpindi perceive the role of digital tools in enhancing peer interaction and collaborative learning. Grounded in Vygotsky’s Social Constructivist Theory, the research investigates experiences with platforms such as Google Classroom, Seesaw, Microsoft Teams, Jamboard, and Padlet, focusing on their impact on communication, teamwork, and social cognition among young learners. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 purposively selected teachers and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that digital tools facilitate active participation, foster inclusive learning environments, and support the development of core social competencies, including empathy, collective problem-solving, and group decision-making. While teachers acknowledged these benefits, they also noted challenges such as limited device access, unstable internet connectivity, insufficient training, and concerns regarding excessive screen time. The study underscores the critical role of teachers as mediators of digital interaction and calls for structured professional development programs and equitable infrastructural support to optimize technology integration. This study contributes context-specific insights to global research on educational technology by highlighting the unique socio-pedagogical dynamics in Pakistan’s private primary schools. It offers recommendations for policy formulation, teacher training, and curriculum design aimed at strengthening the role of digital tools for collaborative learning. Further research is suggested to explore similar dynamics in public school settings and to directly incorporate student perspectives.
HOW BANKING CAREER PATHS SHAPE TURNOVER INTENTION BEYOND DEMOGRAPHICS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC, PRIVATE, AND TRANSITION EMPLOYEES
This study examines how demographic characteristics influence turnover intention in the banking sector by incorporating career transitions between private and public banking into the analytical framework. The study aims to determine whether demographic variables and institutional career experience jointly shape turnover intention and whether career context moderates these relationships. Data were collected from 426 banking employees and analyzed using regression and moderation techniques. The findings indicate that gender and educational level are not significantly associated with turnover intention, whereas age, marital status, income level, and total banking experience show significant relationships. Turnover intention is highest among employees with exclusive private banking experience, lowest among those with exclusive public banking experience, and intermediate among transition employees (private-to-public movers). The results further demonstrate that banking career type moderates the relationships between significant demographic variables and turnover intention, highlighting the importance of institutional career context. The study extends turnover intention research by integrating demographic influences with institutional career trajectories and provides practical implications for differentiated retention strategies in banking institutions.
NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTOS DE SIGNOS DE ALARMA Y PREVENCIÓN DEL DENGUE EN POBLACIÓN URBANA
Introducción: el dengue es una enfermedad que afecta a diversos grupos etarios, con un comportamiento predecible con amplitud sintomatológica. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de signos de alarma y prevención del dengue en población urbana. Métodos: estudio observacional, cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, en 2,930 viviendas, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en una muestra de 389 viviendas, y confianza del 95%. Se aplicó el instrumento nivel de conocimientos en pobladores sobre dengue, signos de alarma y prevención en un distrito de reciente brote de dengue, apegado a diversos principios éticos. El análisis de datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v27.0, empleando una estadística descriptiva, pruebas de normalidad (Kolmogórov-Smirnov) y correlación (Rho Spearman). Resultados: a partir del análisis estadístico se identificó que la mayoría de la población (52,4 %) presentan un nivel de conocimientos generales de signos de alarma y prevención del dengue bajos. Conclusión: se determinó que el nivel de conocimientos de signos de alarma y prevención del dengue en población urbana de la colonia El Espinal en Orizaba, Veracruz, México, es bajo. Se evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias de educación en salud eficaces, accesibles y dirigidas especialmente a los sectores con menor información sobre el dengue.
FROM LEGAL COMMITMENTS TO EFFECTIVE PROTECTION: A SOCIO-LEGAL REVIEW OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION IN VIETNAM
Child sexual abuse constitutes one of the most serious violations of children’s rights, generating profound and long-lasting consequences for individual well-being and social development. Despite increasing international attention and legal reform efforts, many countries continue to face significant challenges in translating formal legal commitments into effective protection for children. This article adopts a socio-legal and multidisciplinary approach to examine the protection of children from sexual abuse in Vietnam, integrating human rights theory, behavioural psychology, criminology, empirical evidence, and legal analysis. Drawing on international standards, national legislation, official reports, and existing academic research, the article analyses the scale and characteristics of child sexual abuse in Vietnam, the institutional and legal frameworks governing child protection, and the principal obstacles to effective implementation. The findings reveal a persistent gap between formal legal compliance and substantive realisation of children’s rights, manifested in under-reporting, procedural deficiencies, limited child-friendly justice mechanisms, and fragmented institutional coordination. By applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and criminological perspectives, the article explains why punitive legal measures alone have limited preventive impact in contexts where social norms discourage disclosure and institutional responses are perceived as inaccessible or ineffective. The study argues that effective protection of children from sexual abuse requires a shift from a predominantly reactive, criminal-justice-centred model towards a holistic, rights-based, and child-centred protection system that prioritises prevention, child-friendly justice, and long-term recovery. The article contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship on child protection by demonstrating the value of integrating legal analysis with behavioural and social science insights, and by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen the effective realisation of children’s rights in Vietnam and comparable contexts.
IMPACTO DO DELIRIUM PÓS-OPERATÓRIO NO TEMPO DE INTERNAÇÃO E MORTALIDADE HOSPITALAR
O delirium pós-operatório representa uma das complicações neuropsiquiátricas mais graves em ambientes cirúrgicos, associando-se a desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis. O presente estudo investigou, via revisão integrativa, a correlação entre a falência cerebral aguda e indicadores de eficiência hospitalar. As evidências demonstram que a ocorrência de episódios confusionais agudos triplica o risco de mortalidade hospitalar e amplia a permanência no leito em até sete dias. Fatores como a neuroinflamação e a sedação excessiva emergem como gatilhos modificáveis. A análise crítica revela que o ônus econômico e a perda de autonomia funcional pós-alta são consequências diretas da falta de protocolos profiláticos estruturados. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção multidisciplinar são determinantes para mitigar o impacto do delirium na sobrevida e na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde.
INTERFACES BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CRIMINAL INSANITY IN ADULTS ACCUSED OF VIOLENT CRIMES: A SCOPING REVIEW
Objective: To map and analyze evidence on mental health and criminal irresponsibility among adults accused of violent crimes. Methods: Scoping review conducted between January and February 2026 in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidance, with prior protocol registration in the Open Science Framework. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library, complemented by Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and qualitative synthesis. Results and Discussion: Twelve studies were included. Evidence shows higher prevalence of mental disorders among legally involved individuals; however, this does not automatically establish criminal irresponsibility, which requires assessment of cognitive and volitional capacity at the time of the offense. Discrepancies between clinical and forensic diagnoses, cognitive biases, and methodological variability were identified. Emerging trends include structured assessment protocols, bias mitigation strategies, and exploratory use of artificial intelligence tools. Conclusion: A multifactorial, standardized, and legally grounded evaluative framework is essential to strengthen reliability and legitimacy in forensic psychiatric decision-making regarding criminal responsibility.
Vitor Augusto Souto Fernandes dos Santos
DRY NEEDLING WITH INTRAMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IMPROVES UPPER-LIMB IMPAIRMENTS AFTER CHRONIC ISCHEMIC STROKE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Background: Dry needling is increasingly being used to manage post-stroke upper-limb spasticity, but evidence remains limited for protocols that deliver electrical stimulation through dry-needling. Objective: The study determined whether adding dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation to conventional physical therapy improves spasticity and motor outcomes in patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Methods: In this assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial, 64 participants were allocated to DN+ES+CPT or CPT alone for 6 weeks. Spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were upper-limb motor impairment (Fugl–Meyer Assessment Scale), H-reflex latency, and the Hmax/Mmax ratio. Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Results: By week 6, the DN+ES+CPT group achieved greater motor improvement than CPT (FMAS Δ=+8.95 vs +4.60; p=0.002; d=0.73) and reduction in spasticity (MAS Δ=−1.56 vs −0.80; p<0.001; d=−1.63). Although, Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased more in the intervention arm, but between-group differences were not significant (p=0.090). Latency also improved similarly in both groups (between group p=0.581). Conclusion: Adding dry needling with electrical stimulation to CPT produced superior reductions in spasticity and greater motor recovery than CPT alone in chronic ischemic stroke. The combined approach appears feasible and clinically useful.
EQUITABLE LAND OWNERSHIP IN CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITIES
The construction of various public facilities and other infrastructure, requires a considerable amount of land and varies in area depending on the needs of an area, at the same time as the population increases, the less land is available, and because the State does not have land for the purpose of building various public facilities and other infrastructure for the public interest mentioned above, So an effort is needed to procure land for the construction of various public facilities and infrastructure. In the orderly implementation of land procurement, the government regulates land procurement, in Article 18 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles (UUPA), which is further followed up with Law Number 20 of 1961 concerning the Revocation of Rights to Land and Objects on it. Subsequently, the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 15 of 1975 concerning Provisions on Land Acquisition Procedures was issued. According to the legal issues of this research, the type of research that will be used is normative legal research, which is a research that mainly examines positive legal provisions, legal principles, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. Definition Normative legal research is a study that examines both positive legal provisions and legal principles, by systematically explaining legal provisions in a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between legal provisions. The answer that can be stated in this writing is that the legal certainty of customary land which is the object of land acquisition needs to be protected by its rights with a clear legal umbrella by local governments.
THE NEXUS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: TESTING REVERSE CAUSALITY IN BRICS COUNTRIES (2001–2023)
This paper examines the dynamic link between economic growth and entrepreneurship in the BRICS nations during the period 2001-2023, with a special focus on reverse causality from economic growth to entrepreneurship. Although the majority of the literature on the topic has viewed entrepreneurship as the engine of economic growth, relatively less attention has been paid to the fact that economic growth may, in turn, fuel entrepreneurship by unlocking market opportunities, enhancing financial and human capital, and building institutional capacity. This paper uses a balanced macro-panel dataset of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa and applies standard panel models of economic growth and entrepreneurship together with dynamic econometric models that account for heterogeneity, persistence, and cross-sectional dependence. Panel causality tests are employed to determine the nature of causality between economic growth and entrepreneurship. The results of this study offer new evidence on the fact that economic growth has a significant role to play in determining the dynamics of entrepreneurship in emerging economies, although feedback effects are conditional in nature.
JUSTIÇA COGNITIVA E BIOPIRATARIA 2.0: DESAFIOS À SOBERANIA DE COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
A digitalização da informação genética tem redefinido a biopirataria, deslocando-a da coleta física de recursos naturais para a circulação global de dados biológicos, fenômeno que ameaça a soberania de comunidades tradicionais do Nordeste brasileiro. O problema central investigado é em que medida o marco legal brasileiro de acesso ao patrimônio genético, ao priorizar a desburocratização da pesquisa científica, pode institucionalizar uma “biopirataria 2.0”, convertendo saberes tradicionais em dados digitais sem justiça cognitiva e repartição efetiva de benefícios. O objetivo foi analisar criticamente essa dinâmica por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida entre outubro de 2025 e janeiro de 2026, com corpus fechado de referências selecionadas em bases como SciELO, PubMed e Scopus, seguindo etapas metodológicas clássicas de revisão integrativa. Os resultados indicam lacunas no regime ABS diante da Digital Sequence Information, fragilidades na aplicação da legislação brasileira, limitações do SisGen para garantir consentimento comunitário e riscos específicos à etnobotânica da Caatinga. Conclui-se que a proteção efetiva da biodiversidade exige reconhecer a soberania genética, comunitária e epistêmica das comunidades tradicionais, com políticas públicas orientadas à governança participativa, inclusão digital e repartição justa de benefícios.
PATTERNS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS ENTITIES AT THE REGENCY/CITY LEVEL: A LEGAL AND POLICY STUDY IN INDONESIA
Infrastructure development at the district/city levels faces challenges due to fiscal constraints and increasing demand for public services. The Government-Business Cooperation Scheme (KPBU) has emerged as an innovative financing alternative that enables risk-sharing, mobilises private capital, and increases project management efficiency. This article examines the pattern of cooperation between the government and business entities from a legal and policy perspective in Indonesia, by reviewing the evolution of regulations, from the national framework, such as Presidential Regulation No. 38 of 2015, to local government regulations under Law No. 23 of 2014. The analysis highlights aspects of value for money, risk allocation, the certainty of return on investment, and the government's position as a legal subject in public-private contracts. In addition, theoretical implications are discussed through classical and contemporary contract law approaches and a utilitarian perspective in assessing the policy's benefits. The findings show that the success of PPPs in the regions is largely determined by legal certainty, institutional capacity, procurement transparency, and harmonisation of regional development planning. With accountable governance oriented towards the public interest, PPPs have the potential to become a strategic instrument for accelerating sustainable infrastructure development and improving community welfare.
ELABORAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO MULTIPROFISSIONAL PARA PREVENÇÃO E MANEJO DE INFECÇÕES EM ACESSOS VASCULARES PARA HEMODIÁLISE
Objetivo: Descrever o processo de construção de um protocolo assistencial para manejo das infecções relacionadas ao acesso vascular em pacientes em hemodiálise. Método: Estudo metodológico, descritivo, de desenvolvimento de tecnologia assistencial realizado em uma unidade de hemodiálise. A elaboração ocorreu por revisão da literatura científica e análise de diretrizes internacionais, incluindo recomendações da KDOQI, seguida de discussão e consenso entre enfermeiros e médico nefrologista. O protocolo foi estruturado em fluxogramas clínicos, critérios diagnósticos e condutas terapêuticas. Resultados: O documento padroniza a abordagem das infecções em fístula arteriovenosa, prótese vascular e cateter venoso central, contemplando coleta de hemoculturas, antibioticoterapia empírica e dirigida, indicação de retirada de dispositivos e monitoramento clínico. A tecnologia organiza o processo decisório e promove alinhamento da equipe multiprofissional. Conclusão: O protocolo constitui ferramenta aplicável à prática clínica, favorecendo padronização do cuidado, apoio à tomada de decisão e segurança do paciente em hemodiálise.
THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE AWAJÚN INTERCULTURAL GOVERNANCE MODEL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
This study aimed to explore scientific studies published between 2021 and 2024 on the Scopus and Scielo platforms on intercultural governance. To carry out this purpose, 12 articles selected from these databases were reviewed. When analyzing the results, a significant lack of theories related to the topics studied was noted, which seems to be related to the high amount of empirical research on which the articles focused. In addition, three key areas of research were identified: foreign language proficiency, the intercultural context, and the interaction with decentralized public policies and governments in power. Finally, it was concluded that the most relevant articles are mainly found in Scopus, and that intercultural governance emerges as a crucial tool to promote inclusive, equitable development that respects different cultures. For this approach to be truly effective, it is essential that indigenous peoples are not only considered beneficiaries of policies, but active and fundamental participants in the creation of a future that values their rights and meets their needs.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN FORMATIVA. UN CAMINO HACIA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN LA DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA
Este estudio analizó cómo la investigación formativa fortalece las habilidades investigativas en 27 docentes de una universidad ecuatoriana durante el 2025. La problemática se centra en el bajo rendimiento científico del país (1.12% en Latinoamérica) y la escasa integración de pedagogías activas en el aula. Bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño preexperimental, se aplicó un plan de intervención basado en el constructivismo y el “aprender haciendo” mediante quince sesiones de talleres y asesorías. Los resultados comparativos entre el pretest y postest revelaron una mejora significativa: el nivel bajo de habilidades investigativas se redujo del 48.2% al 3.7%, mientras que el nivel alto ascendió del 14.8% al 44.4%. Se concluye que la investigación formativa es una estrategia eficaz para robustecer la cultura científica, optimizar el uso de soporte tecnológico y mejorar el diseño estructural de proyectos académicos, cerrando brechas en la formación docente y promoviendo el pensamiento crítico.
THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES' FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON PUBLIC REVENUES
The main objective of business activity is to generate profit, and this aspect significantly influences a company’s tax liability. Among other responsibilities, a business entity is also obliged to maintain accurate accounting records, which serve as the basis for calculating corporate income tax. In the Slovak Republic, accounting results are presented in the financial statements. These consist of the balance sheet, the profit and loss statement, and the notes, all of which are publicly accessible online in the Register of Financial Statements. Additionally, the financial statements are a mandatory attachment to the corporate income tax return. The aim of the article is to highlight the relationship between companies' financial performance and its impact on the state's tax revenues. For illustration, authors provide an analysis of the profit and loss statement of a specific heavy industry entity, along with a comparison of data for the accounting periods from 2020 to 2023.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE, EFETIVIDADE E IMPACTO DO PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO DO CIDADÃO (PEC/E-SUS APS) NA PRODUÇÃO DE INDICADORES EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS E NA TOMADA DE DECISÃO EM SAÚDE PÚBLICA NO SUS
A informatização da Atenção Primária à Saúde tem se consolidado como estratégia fundamental para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, especialmente no que se refere à qualificação da informação e ao aprimoramento dos processos decisórios. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a qualidade, a efetividade e os impactos do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão na produção de indicadores e na tomada de decisão em saúde pública. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com delineamento descritivo, desenvolvida por meio de revisão bibliográfica fundamentada em artigos científicos, documentos institucionais e normativas ministeriais relacionadas à informatização da Atenção Primária. A análise evidenciou que o uso do prontuário eletrônico favorece a padronização dos dados, amplia a confiabilidade das informações e fortalece a capacidade analítica dos gestores, contribuindo para o planejamento das ações e para a organização do cuidado. Observou-se, contudo, que a efetividade do sistema permanece condicionada à existência de infraestrutura tecnológica adequada, capacitação profissional e governança informacional. Conclui-se que o Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão ocupa posição estratégica na consolidação de práticas sanitárias orientadas por evidências, contribuindo para uma gestão mais integrada e responsiva às necessidades da população.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG FEMALE HEALTHCARE WORKERS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM
This study examines how human resource management practices, work–family conflict, and family support influence organizational commitment among female healthcare workers in public hospitals, considering the mediating roles of work–life balance and job satisfaction and the moderating role of gender stereotypes. Using a mixed-methods design, survey data were collected from 695 female healthcare workers in four public hospitals in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that compensation and benefits, working conditions, and work environment significantly improve work–life balance, while all HRM practice dimensions positively affect job satisfaction. Job satisfaction emerges as the strongest predictor of organizational commitment and serves as a key mediating mechanism. Work–family conflict displays asymmetric effects: work-to-family interference weakens commitment, whereas family-to-work interference strengthens it. Family support enhances work–life balance, and gender stereotypes shape organizational commitment both directly and indirectly by moderating work–family relationships.
EL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN TAREAS CON INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA EXPRESIÓN ORAL DEL INGLÉS EN EL CONTEXTO UNIVERSITARIO ECUATORIANO
El estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar el impacto del aprendizaje basado en tareas asistido con la inteligencia artificial en el desarrollo de la expresión oral en inglés en estudiantes en una universidad pública en Ecuador. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada con un diseño preexperimental, corte longitudinal con una muestra de 28 estudiantes. Para la recolección de datos se empleó un instrumento validado por juicio de expertos y se verificó su confiabilidad con el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados evidenciaron cambios significativos después de la implementación. En el los postest el 53.6% se ubicó en el nivel medio y 39.3% en el nivel alto, el nivel bajo se redujo al 7.1%. lo que refleja una mejora en la expresión oral. Por ello se concluye que la estrategia ayudo a mejorar la pronunciación de las palabras, la fluidez al momento de expresar las ideas, así mismo fortaleció la gramática y sobre todo amplió el vocabulario de las palabras en los participantes.
ASSESSMENT OF COMMON PLACEMENT AND MANNER ERRORS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTICULATION DISORDER
Background: Articulation disorders are common in children and refer to difficulties in producing speech sounds. These disorders often involve placement and manner errors that can impact speech intelligibility. Previous studies have explored these errors in various populations, but the prevalence and types of errors in children aged 3-12 years remain under examined, particularly in non-Western languages. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the common placement and manner errors in children aged 3-12 years diagnosed with articulation disorders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in government and private hospitals and rehabilitation centers. A total of 183 children were included through purposive sampling. Data was collected using an articulation screening tool, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results: The most common placement error was alveolar (38.8%), followed by palatal (24.6%). Fricatives were the most frequent manner error (41.5%), and most errors occurred in the initial position of words (56.8%). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between placement errors and age, and between manner errors and gender. Conclusion: The study identifies key articulation errors in children, with placement errors primarily involving alveolar and palatal sounds, and manner errors predominantly involving fricatives. These findings highlight the need for early intervention and targeted therapy to address these speech challenges.
STRATEGY-BASED INSTRUCTION FOR VOCABULARY LEARNING IN CHINA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
This systematic review focuses on empirical research studies about Vocabulary Learning Strategies-Based Instruction (VLSsBI) conducted in China in the period between 2013 and 2022. Instructional practices show an overwhelming use of metacognitive strategies, but empirical rigor claims only three studies. Most of the studies focus on tertiary level learners and lack methodological divergence as well as cognitive and social-affective approach inclusion. The review analyses a variety of subjects which are restricted in terms of research design, population diversity, and scope of teaching methods. The gaps indicate a lack of holistic explanatory models that could drive the theory, as well as the learners’ developmental stages, strategies, and needs. Aimed at guiding researchers, instructors, and policymakers, the conclusions focus on how to enhance the vocabulary teaching framework within the Chinese EFL context. This review describes the instructional paradigms of VLSsBI and offers insight into the direction needed for more comprehensive study.
HOW CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION SHAPE FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM FREIGHT FORWARDING FIRMS IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Purpose: Based on Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) and Stakeholder Theory (ST), this study examines how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is transformed into firm performance (FP) through organizational mechanisms and capabilities in the context of freight forwarding firms in Ho Chi Minh City. CSR is conceptualized according to stakeholder groups, including: CSR to social and non-social stakeholders (CSRSS), customers (CSRC), employees (CSRE) and government (CSRG). The study simultaneously evaluates the roles of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Absorptive Capacity (AC), Supply Chain Collaboration (SCC) and Innovation Capability (IC) in the value creation mechanism. Methodology: Cross sectional survey data from 603 freight forwarding firms were analyzed using covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and bootstrapping to test for mediating effects. Findings: Multidimensional CSR has a direct positive impact on FP, but only at a moderate level (β ≈ 0.098–0.114), while value is primarily formed through internal transformation mechanisms. CSRE is the strongest antecedent of GHRM (β = 0.357). GHRM is the central link, directly impacting FP (β = 0.157) and promoting IC (β = 0.286). At the same time, AC and SCC primarily enhance FP through IC (AC → IC → FP; SCC → IC → FP). The model achieved a good fit (CMIN/df = 1.898; CFI = 0.951; TLI = 0.944; RMSEA = 0.039) and explained 31.7% of the variance in FP (R² = 0.317). Contributions: This research clarifies CSR as an intangible asset. It shows that CSR creates value when it's integrated through micro-level processes, like GHRM, and dynamic capabilities, such as AC, SCC and IC. The study also provides real-world evidence from the logistics sector in a developing economy.
VISUALIZATION OF GLOBAL RESEARCH TRENDS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES USING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Purpose – The rise of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and web technology has created new opportunities for businesses to engage with customers and expand their offerings. Design/methodology/approach – This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of technology adoption research in SMEs over the last two decades, focusing on performance analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and scientific mapping. Using 195 documents from the Scopus database, the study examines scientific productivity, prolific authors, influential papers, institutions, nations, keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, co-citations, and country collaborations. VOSviewer facilitated performance analysis and thematic clustering. Findings – Highlight 2023 as the most productive year, with Anderson School of Management, the University of New Mexico, and the United Kingdom as key contributors. "Information and Management" emerged as the most influential journal, while "The Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development" was the most productive. The most cited article, "An Integrated Model of Information Systems Adoption in Small Businesses," has 1,135 citations. Five thematic clusters of digital marketing research in SMEs were identified. Research limitations/implications – This study guides researchers on the current state and future directions of technology adoption literature in SMEs and is the first to offer such comprehensive performance analysis and scientific mapping. Originality/value – This study is the first to provide performance analysis and scientific mapping of business innovation literature in SMEs.
THE ROLE OF PEOPLE'S PROCURACY IN PROTECTING CONSTITUTION IN VIETNAM
In the legal system of countries, the constitution is considered the fundamental law, with the highest legal value, expressing the will, power and common values of the people. Therefore, the protection of the constitution has political and legal significance, related to the protection of the political regime, the state regime and people's sovereignty. The protection of the constitution is carried out by both state subjects (state agencies) and people subjects (social organizations, people) through the organization of law enforcement and supervision of law enforcement. This study refers to the state subject - the state agency that directly exercises the right to prosecute and supervise judicial activities to protect the constitution in Vietnam, which is the People's Procuracy. The theoretical framework is built with 02 independent scales/variables: "Practice of prosecution rights" (PR), "Supervision of judicial activities" (JA); and 01 dependent scale/variable "Protecting constitution" (PC). The author surveyed the opinions of 240 leaders and prosecutors of the People's Procuracy of 3 localities in 3 regions of Vietnam, including Thai Nguyen province (North), Quang Ngai province (Central), Tay Ninh province (South). The survey results show that the practice of the right to prosecute is well implemented, but the supervision of judicial activities is assessed at a lower level due to the impact of many reasons. From the conclusion of this study, the author discusses the content of policies to increase and balance the function of prosecution and the function of supervision of judicial activities towards the goal of protecting the Constitution of Vietnam in a sustainable manner.
“A WOMAN’S HAIR IS LONG, BUT HER MIND IS SHORT”: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ON WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL TURKISH SOCIETY
Proverbs are one of the most deeply rooted components of culture and function as fundamental references that embody social value judgements and shape the relationship between the individual and society. This study examines the socio-cultural status of women and the gender perceptions in traditional Turkish society through the proverb “A woman’s hair is long, but her mind is short”. The study addresses historical sources, literary texts, and anthropological theories from an interdisciplinary perspective. In Turkish culture, hair has historically symbolized vital energy, power, and social hierarchy. However, the proverb discussed in this study establishes a metaphorical contrast between the concrete physical feature of “hair” and the abstract intellectual faculty of “mind,” thereby distancing women from the rational and public sphere. This reflects a traditional mindset that defines women as aesthetic “ornaments” and confines them to the private domain. Drawing on Delaney’s concept of the ‘open/closed body’ and Foucault’s approach to ‘power and the body’, the study further analyses how mechanisms of social control have limited women’s physical and spiritual existence. Ultimately, the research concludes that such elements of oral heritage function as powerful discursive tools that naturalise gender roles and legitimise their transmission across generations.
LEARNING ONLINE AND LEARNING AT HOME: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE ON DISTANCE AND AT HOME LEARNING
This qualitative study explored students' perspectives on distance and at-home learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at Isabela State University-Cauayan City Campus in the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 students from four colleges chosen through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed four major themes: outlook of participants on online learning, preference for online or distant learning, benefits of online learning, and problems in online learning. Participants expressed both positive and equivocal outlooks on their online learning experiences. While they appreciated the opportunity to continue their studies during lockdowns, some felt ambivalence due to challenges encountered, such as poor internet connectivity, power outages, inadequate personal resources, pressure to complete requirements, and limited access to technological tools. Despite these issues, participants agreed that online learning was the best instructional method available during the pandemic. Benefits cited included the ability to study outside of school, reduced expenses, ease of access to learning resources, and improved discipline, responsibility, and time management. However, participants generally preferred face-to-face instruction, finding it more convenient for certain aspects of their courses. The study highlights the need for systematic training initiatives to improve technological skills, the development of structured educational materials and e-learning platforms, and consistent communication between teachers and students to address the challenges of online learning during the pandemic.
THE CONCEPT OF “NHÀN” IN LÊ HỮU TRÁC AND ITS HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông – Lê Hữu Trác is recognized not merely as a celebrated physician but also as a major thinker of the 18th century. One of the most notable viewpoints expressing his distinctive philosophy of life is the concept of “nhàn” (leisure/serenity), encompassing notions of “lãn” (laziness/indolence) and “lười” (idleness). Based on an examination of his seminal works, such as Thượng Kinh Ký Sự (Records of the Imperial Capital) and Hải Thượng Y Tông Tâm Lĩnh, this article clarifies that “nhàn” is not merely a tranquil, reclusive lifestyle, but rather a reflective philosophical choice—to abandon fame and power to preserve moral integrity, to nurture the body (dưỡng thân) for the sake of cultivating the mind (dưỡng tâm), and to practice medicine as a humanitarian mission. Utilizing a comprehensive, historically specific approach, combined with textual analysis (phương pháp văn bản học) and analysis–synthesis, this article contributes to a profound elucidation of a philosophical nucleus within the traditional Vietnamese intellectual heritage. In practical terms, Lê Hữu Trác’s concept of “nhàn” serves as an important reminder for modern individuals to slow down, maintain the balance between body and mind (thân – tâm), and return to the core values of character, ethics, and compassion.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF POLICEWOMEN IN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
This study was initiated to conduct so to determine the gender and development (GAD)-related environmental factors influencing the Philippine National Police (PNP) policewomen's performance with a focus on the Pangasinan Police Provincial Office (PPPO). The study was conceptualized into descriptive-correlational research, and purposive sampling of policewomen of varying ranks equaled 78. Data were gathered through a validated structured survey questionnaire, of which the psychological part of the policewomen answered questions regarding their motivation, value orientation, and aspirations, while their immediate supervisors assessed their subordinates' performances based on six points. Data's statistical treatment involved the utilization of Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation, and One-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that policewomen were highly ambitious, value-driven, and highly motivated, and among these, aspirations were the strongest. The workers' behavioral aspect came out to be very satisfactory from the supervisors' perspective overall across all concern areas, and specifically relationships within the workplace, personality of the individual, and area of work were referred to. The relationship came out to confirm the hypothesis that four factors, namely, motivation, values, aspirations, and performance, interconnect. The strongest correlation is determined by aspirations (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). But by ANOVA outcomes, no difference between different groups by the rank with regards to GAD factors and performance was found. Moreover, the results heed the importance of the resourceful and motivational dimensions as key drivers that stimulate women's performance in the workforce while, at the same time, recognizing that systemic obstacles hinder the aspirations of being opportunities of leadership. It proposes institutional transformation that will be having gender-responsive systems of evaluation and promotion among its focus areas, thereby empowering policewomen to achieve their full potential. The outcomes of the study contribute significantly to evidence-based policy-making, including gender mainstreaming into law enforcement.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOUTH AFRICA’S GENOCIDE CASE AGAINST ISRAEL AT THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
The genocide case filed by South Africa against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) stems from concerns over the escalation of violence in Gaza following the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, which allegedly involved serious violations of the Genocide Convention as a jus cogens norm. This study aims to analyze the legal and political significance of the lawsuit, including its implications for Israel's international responsibility and the global response to its military operations. The methods used include a descriptive legal approach to describe the application of international legal norms in practice, as well as a normative approach to assess the legal obligations that should be complied with under the Genocide Convention. The two approaches are combined through case study analysis and comparison with the practices of other countries. The results of the study show that Israel's actions potentially fulfill the elements of genocide and that the ICJ's Provisional Measures have had a major political impact, as evidenced by Israel's increasing international isolation and the suspension of military aid by a number of countries. In conclusion, this case is not only important in upholding international law, but also plays a strategic role in encouraging Israel's compliance with humanitarian law and strengthening global accountability mechanisms.
BEHIND BARS, BEYOND MOTHERHOOD: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY IN DAGUPAN CITY JAIL, PHILIPPINES
The incarceration of women has been rising globally, with a significant proportion being mothers whose detention disrupts both family structures and child development. In the Philippines, high jail congestion and gender-insensitive correctional systems further complicate the maternal experience of incarceration. This study explored the lived experiences of mothers deprived of liberty (MDLs) in Dagupan City Jail, employing a qualitative Husserlian descriptive phenomenological design. Ten mothers were purposively sampled, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using phenomenological reduction and thematic clustering. Three major themes emerged: (1) Separation Anxiety and Emotional Stress, reflecting grief, longing, and psychological struggles due to limited family contact; (2) Family Settings, which highlighted the reliance on kinship networks for childcare and the strain on marital and familial ties; and (3) Government Development Programs, encompassing livelihood projects, parenting workshops, and faith-based initiatives that foster resilience and skill development. Findings reveal that incarceration produces profound emotional and social challenges but also opens opportunities for personal growth through institutional and familial support. The study underscores the necessity for gender-responsive, family-centered, and rehabilitative interventions that safeguard maternal well-being and strengthen child-caregiver arrangements. Policy reforms should ensure that correctional practices align with human rights standards, thereby reducing intergenerational risks of trauma and criminal involvement. This research contributes to the discourse on justice reform and highlights the importance of humanizing correctional management in the Philippine context.