The journal Veredas do Direito (ISSN 2179-8699) is dedicated to disseminating and fostering high-quality interdisciplinary scientific research, upholding rigorous academic standards and maintaining impartiality with respect to ideological perspectives. It values the internationalization of scholarship and ensures broad Brazilian regional representation among its authors, with a steadfast commitment to building a more just, free, and equal society in harmony with a healthier planet. Its academic excellence is demonstrated by its inclusion in internationally renowned indexing databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, as well as its A1 classification by Qualis-CAPES.
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THE EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON LECTURER PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL RESTRUCTURING
This study aims to analyze the effects of transformational leadership, work environment, and organizational culture on lecturer performance, with organizational restructuring serving as an intervening variable. Lecturer performance is a strategic factor in improving the quality of higher education institutions and is influenced not only by individual competencies but also by leadership dynamics, workplace conditions, and prevailing organizational values. This study employed a quantitative research approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to lecturers as respondents. The data were analyzed using path analysis to examine both the direct and indirect relationships among the research variables. The findings indicate that transformational leadership, work environment, and organizational culture have positive and significant effects on lecturer performance. Furthermore, organizational restructuring was found to function as an effective intervening variable that strengthens the relationships between the independent variables and lecturer performance. These findings suggest that efforts to enhance lecturer performance will be more effective when supported by visionary leadership, a conducive work environment, a strong organizational culture, and organizational restructuring that is adaptive to change. This study is expected to contribute both theoretically and practically to human resource management in higher education institutions.
DIREITOS HUMANOS, CÍRCULO DA HUMANIDADE E INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Este trabalho apresenta a evolução do conceito de “humano” na teoria dos Direitos Humanos frente às transformações impostas pela Era da Inteligência Artificial (IA) e o reflexo dessa ampliação a partir do conceito que Peter Singer definiu como Expansão do Círculo da Humanidade. Inicialmente, é apresentada a construção desse humano como sujeito de direitos a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, social e política. Na sequência, é estabelecida uma relação entre a ampliação do conceito de humano e as novas formas de cidadania que se incorporam às relações de humanos e não humanos, em um cenário em que o indivíduo deixa de ser visto apenas como um ser biológico para tornar-se um organismo informacional, o “inforg”, conforme a proposta de Luciano Floridi. O trabalho propõe que, na era da IA, esse círculo deve ser novamente ampliado para abarcar agências informacionais que representam o humano em um processo de interação reticular. Isso ocorre em uma “infoecologia” que requer a compreensão de que os Direitos Humanos na era digital propõem a superação do antropocentrismo clássico em favor de uma ética da rede, capaz de garantir a agência do sujeito em um ambiente no qual o humano e o algoritmo coabitam de forma indissociável.
ADMINISTRATIVE SOFT LAW IN VIETNAM AND THE EU: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND PREDICTABILITY IN REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
This paper compares administrative soft law systems in Vietnam and the European Union, examining how these non-binding yet influential instruments affect transparency, accountability, and predictability in governance. Administrative soft law—instruments lacking formal legal force but significantly shaping administrative practice—has become essential for modern regulatory systems struggling with complexity and rapid change. Vietnam primarily uses official dispatch (công văn) that exist in legal gray areas outside formal normative document hierarchies, while the EU has developed systematic approaches with explicit recognition in primary law and sophisticated judicial oversight mechanisms. The analysis reveals that Vietnam's hierarchical system creates strong de facto binding effects through administrative culture and democratic centralism principles, whereas EU soft law derives influence from expertise, legitimate expectations, and what scholars term "hybridity" between hard and soft law. Key findings show Vietnam faces transparency challenges due to limited publication requirements and opaque creation processes, while the EU demonstrates stronger accountability through judicial oversight and established review mechanisms. The study proposes comprehensive reforms including centralized publication portals, stakeholder consultation procedures, and clearer legal status frameworks. These recommendations aim to enhance regulatory predictability while preserving flexibility in Vietnam's evolving economic context, particularly relevant for international integration commitments under the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement.
INDIVIDUAL PURCHASING ATTITUDES AND MARKETING DYNAMICS IN THE TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC CARS: THE CASE OF SAMSUN PROVINCE
This study examines how the transition from a fossil fuel-based product architecture to an electric vehicle ecosystem in the automotive industry is reflected in consumer attitudes and purchase intentions through production and marketing strategies. The research is conducted using a survey model based on a quantitative research approach, and the survey technique is used in the data collection process. The sample consists of 388 participants living in Samsun province. The scale includes dimensions of subjective environmental norms, purchase intention, individual purchasing behavior, and attitudes towards environmentally friendly vehicles. Reliability, normality, independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance are used in the analyses. The findings show that the scale reliability levels are high and that participants generally have a high tendency to purchase environmentally friendly vehicles. Significant differences are found according to age, education, and income groups in terms of demographic variables, and significant differences are observed in some sub-dimensions in the gender variable. The results indicate that in the electric vehicle transformation, marketing communication should be designed on a segment basis and the production-supply infrastructure should be structured in a way that is compatible with consumer expectations.
INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS AND LEGAL PATHWAYS TO CAPITAL MOBILIZATION: A STUDY OF VIETNAM'S PRIVATE ENTERPRISE FINANCING FRAMEWORK
The private enterprise (PE) sector plays a key role in job creation and the growth of Vietnam's economy. Despite their strategic importance, PE businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in accessing formal funding, limiting their potential. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Vietnamese legal framework that governs PEs' access to capital. The study focuses on systemic inadequacies across four key areas that constitute major barriers: collateral regulation, credit procedures, information transparency requirements, and dispute resolution mechanisms. By examining specific legal tools and implementing them, the study identifies systemic barriers that affect the effective allocation of capital. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a number of regulatory reforms to promote a more synchronous, transparent, and conducive financial ecosystem. These recommendations aim to unlock capital for PEs, thereby enhancing competitiveness and promoting sustainable economic development in Vietnam.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN VIETNAM
The article focuses on analyzing the legal system governing occupational health and safety in Vietnam's construction industry during the 2021 - 2025 period, with a primary emphasis on the compatibility between legal theory and practical application. By employing document research and normative analysis methodologies, the study evaluates the efficacy of the Law on Occupational Safety and Health 2015 alongside the current system of sub-law documents. The article highlights the fundamental requirements for perfecting labour legislation regarding occupational safety and health. On this basis, the author proposes solutions to refine the law and enhance synchronization between the Law on Occupational Safety and Health and specialized legislations to ensure the optimal protection of workers' rights.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL POR DANOS REPRODUTIVOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA JURÍDICA E SEUS DESAFIOS DE TRANSPOSIÇÃO AO ORDENAMENTO BRASILEIRO
Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise da produção acadêmica existente sobre a responsabilidade civil em ações judiciais envolvendo os chamados casos de wrongful birth, wrongful life e wrongful conception. Para isso, foi conduzida uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática a partir de fontes como o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações CAPES, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Periódicos CAPES, Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex, Jstor, Repositório UFBA e Google acadêmico, incluindo artigos científicos, dissertações, teses, monografias e outras publicações inseridas no campo das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e do Direito. Após critérios de seleção e refinamento, foram examinados 27 textos que oferecem diferentes olhares sobre a responsabilização jurídica decorrente de danos reprodutivos e a possibilidade de aplicação da teoria no panorama brasileiro. Com o fito de organizar a compreensão teórica do fenômeno, os achados foram estruturados em eixos temáticos: os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil nesses casos, os conflitos bioéticos envolvidos, a posição do CFM ao abordar às técnicas de reprodução humana assistida, e os desafios da reparação frente à autonomia reprodutiva. A revisão sistemática indica que as abordagens sobre wrongfuls frequentemente dialogam com categorias como dignidade da pessoa humana, previsibilidade do dano e os limites éticos da atuação médica e jurídica, revelando um campo ainda em expansão e repleto de controvérsias interpretativas.
STUDY ON APPLYING LEAN ACCOUNTING IN MECHANICAL FIRMS
The purpose of the study is to present, analyze and measure the implementation of lean accounting in mechanical firms in Hanoi. The study applies both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The sample size includes 395 survey forms from accountants, department heads, deputy heads, directors and boards of directors of mechanical firms. SPSS statistical software is used with descriptive statistics, analysis of the reliability of scales through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and EFA analysis. The research results show that the implementation of lean accounting in mechanical firms in Hanoi includes 8 scales (observed variables) that are rated at a fairly average level (3.43/5 points). These 8 observed variables are all reliable and qualified for EFA analysis, and EFA exploratory factor analysis is appropriate. There are 8 scales extracted with the eigenvalue criterion greater than 1, with a total cumulative variance of 71.684%. Based on the research results, we propose recommendations to enhance the implementation of lean accounting in mechanical firms in Hanoi.
MITIGATING DRINKING WATER SCARCITY THROUGH ULTRAFILTRATION TECHNOLOGY IN COASTAL SETTLEMENTS OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
This study addresses the critical theme of drinking water scarcity in South Kalimantan's coastal settlements, driven by seawater intrusion that causes high salinity and severe microbial contamination. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated three-stage water treatment system to mitigate this water crisis. The methodology involved implementing a single-flow system comprising Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pre-filtration, Ultraviolet (UV) sterilization, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology. Water quality was systematically assessed across physical, chemical, and biological parameters strictly adhering to the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards (Permenkes No. 2/2023). Samples were analyzed at four specific stages: raw well water, post-FRP filter, post-UV sterilization, and the final RO product. The conclusions demonstrate that the system successfully transformed hazardous brackish water into safe, high-quality potable water. Initial raw water tests showed high TDS (308 mg/L) and extreme microbial pollution (>200 CFU/100 mL). While FRP and UV stages were insufficient individually for total purification, the RO stage acted as the critical final purifier, drastically reducing TDS to 32 mg/L and ensuring absolute sterility (0 CFU/100 mL). This integrated technological intervention reliably prevents severe health risks associated with salinity and waterborne diseases in vulnerable coastal communities.
SOVEREIGNTY AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE CONFLICT OF LAWS
This research investigates whether globalization weakens states’ sovereignty, or reframes the channels that its uses within the conflict of laws. It is doctrinal and theoretical in nature and follows the analysis of the scholarship and authority materials adopted in the text to illustrate the role of sovereignty in fundamental conflict of law domains such as jurisdiction, applicable law, objective connecting factors, public policy, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. This work argues that globalization does not extinguish sovereignty. It disrupts pure territorial assumptions and imposes a need for sovereignty to proceed better under coordinated, targeted, and context-sensitive conditions. The rise of digital commerce, transnational private normativity, cross-border transactions, and the adoption of technical standards do not eliminate the role of the state in any conflict of laws event. Instead, it changes the circumstances in which states allocate authority, admit foreign law, and cooperate with foreign courts. therefore, this work argues that the core task of current conflict of laws is not to abandon sovereignty, but to reformulate doctrinal methodologies and strategies so that they respond to transnational private relations without compromising legal certainty, public policy, and the state’s continuing normative role.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE: A DIFFERENTIATED EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH TO GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES IN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Graduate attributes have become a critical indicator of higher education quality, particularly in teacher education programs where graduates’ competencies directly influence the future of schooling. However, a persistent challenge in pre-service teacher education is the gap between theoretical knowledge and professional practice. This study aims to bridge this gap through the development and evaluation of a Differentiated Experiential Learning (DEL) model designed to strengthen classroom management competence and graduate attributes among pre-service teachers. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach guided by the ADDIE framework, this study integrated qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through interviews, observations, document analysis, and pre-test–post-test measures involving pre-service teachers enrolled in a Classroom Management course. The DEL model integrates Kolb’s experiential learning cycle with Tomlinson’s differentiated instruction principles, enabling learning pathways adapted to students’ readiness levels. The findings indicate that the DEL model significantly improved pre-service teachers’ classroom management competence, with substantial learning gains observed across low-, moderate-, and high-readiness groups. Moreover, the reduction in score dispersion suggests that the model promotes more equitable learning outcomes. Qualitative results further reveal positive impacts on key graduate attributes, including reflective thinking, collaboration, professional autonomy, and contextual sensitivity. Pre-service teachers demonstrated greater confidence and ability to apply theoretical concepts in authentic teaching scenarios. In conclusion, the DEL model is empirically valid, practical, and effective in bridging theory and practice in pre-service teacher education. By integrating differentiated instruction with experiential learning, the model supports both professional competence and holistic graduate attribute development. This study contributes to teacher education scholarship by offering a pedagogically robust framework for preparing adaptive and professionally competent future teachers.
PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN PUBLIC HEALTH LAW: AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW OF SIMULATION, GAMIFICATION, AND LEGAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
In order to better reflect contemporary professional practice, this study examines how public health law education has changed from its traditional reliance on case-based instruction to experiential, simulation-based, and multidisciplinary approaches. The Langdellian paradigm enhances analytical thinking, but it does not adequately prepare lawyers to handle complex problems like pandemics, cross-sector coordination, regulatory governance, and health disparities. The study is based on the constructivist and situated learning theories and demonstrates that the use of serious games, simulations, tabletop, legal epidemiology tools, and virtual reality enhances judgment, ethical awareness, teamwork, and systems thinking. Students are exposed to limitations, authority structures, and uncertainties that are often absent from typical classroom environments through experiential learning. The paper addresses risks like trivialization, design bias, unequal access, and digital divides in order to ensure that graduates are capable, moral, and practically successful in promoting universal health and professional responsibility across various legal and public health systems, both now and in the future. Additionally, it promotes equity-centered implementation, rigorous assessment, and carefully designed curricula.
SIMULATION EXPLORATION OF THE IMPACT OF InGaAsP MQW AND DBR PARAMETERS DESIGN FOR ENHANCEMENT VCSEL EMITTING LASER
The aim of this paper focuses on a numerical model working implemented in Silvaco atlas software that provides keys results to simulate optical-electrical VCSEL device characteristics. The optimization approach used for enhancing VCSEL performance based on different structure design staggered InGaAsP MQW and high index DBR mirror period as well as coupled from each other at an optical telecommunication wavelength. Our finding results reveals firstly that the developed model shows a good agreement with data available in literature, and fully fitted VCSEL model behaviour. Secondly, the uses of staggered InGaAsP MQW design with right composition of indium, design optimized parameters, material properties; improve the capturing probability of injected carriers with a narrower well, which has the effect of increasing the gain and reducing the threshold current with high emission at 1.5μm wavelength. Further, the best choice of material parameter of upper and lower DBR mirror (refractive index, period number) allows an enhancement efficiency of VCSEL device. Optimized VCSEL shows that the absorption rate and the reflectivity have a crucial role for achieving the appropriate wavelength as well as that exhibits higher reflectivity around the central wavelength due to the best index contrast between DBR successive layers and reaching the emission threshold.
LEAN AND AGILE PRODUCTION FOR SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE IN MEDIUM AND LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Manufacturing firms are increasingly pressured to achieve sustainability performance while responding to dynamic and complex business environments. Lean production and agile production have been widely adopted as operational strategies that can potentially enhance sustainability outcomes. However, empirical research examining the combined influence of these production approaches and the role of supply chain collaboration remains limited. This study investigates the relationships between lean production, agile production, and sustainability performance, considering economic, environmental, and social dimensions as distinct constructs. It also examines the moderating role of supply chain collaboration. Data were collected from medium and large manufacturing firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through an online survey, yielding 181 valid responses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed relationships. The results indicate that lean production positively influences economic, environmental, and social sustainability performance, while agile production demonstrates weaker direct effects when both approaches are examined simultaneously. Supply chain collaboration positively moderates the relationship between lean production and economic sustainability but negatively moderates the relationships between agile production and the sustainability dimensions. These findings contribute to the literature on sustainable manufacturing and provide managerial insights into the strategic use of lean and agile production in enhancing sustainability performance.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF DIGITAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AMONG UNIVERSITY LECTURERS: EVIDENCE FROM SCOPUS AND AI‑ENABLED BIBLIOMETRICS
This study investigates how universities can strategically enhance lecturers’ digital skills by integrating a curated Scopus database with an AI-powered Bibliometrix workflow. Analyzing publications from 2016 to 2026, the research maps 751 documents from 524 sources, showing a yearly growth rate of 6.49 percent, an average article age of 3.34 years, and 16.81 citations per document. Collaboration patterns include an average of 3.19 authors per paper and 22.24 percent international co-authorship. Science-mapping uncovers a triadic structure connecting classroom practice, organizational enablers, and system-level change. Co-word networks and thematic maps reveal a cluster focused on pedagogy and platforms centered on teaching, students, and e-learning, alongside a core capability driven by digital competence and transformation. A contextual cluster, grounded in higher education, reflects regional signals pertinent to Vietnam. Factorial analysis positions these themes along axes distinguishing institutional capabilities from classroom implementation, while highlighting bridging roles for leadership, knowledge management, and artificial intelligence. The study suggests a strategic pathway: invest in pedagogy-led upskilling where impact is greatest, institutionalize gains through leadership development and knowledge routines, and oversee progress with lightweight bibliometric dashboards that align incentives, funding, and evidence. These findings transform fragmented efforts into a coherent capability framework, offering a practical portfolio for universities aiming for sustainable, responsible, and measurable growth in lecturers’ digital competence.
TOOLS FOR HUMANIZING ARMED CONFLICTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
By examining their philosophical and legal underpinnings and evaluating the function of international legal norms and institutions in reducing the humanitarian effects of armed conflicts, this study investigates the instruments for humanizing armed conflicts within the framework of international law. Along with the function of international organizations and international criminal justice, the study focuses on international humanitarian law and international human rights law as the main tools for humanization. It also provides a critical evaluation of these instruments' efficacy and prospects for the future, highlighting the primary obstacles they face in modern armed conflicts.
SEABORNE SURVEILLANCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW OF THE SEA
Challenges to maritime security are a global challenge. Piracy, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, smuggling, maritime terrorism, and environmental crime create instability relations to the high seas and to the governance and use of oceans. Traditional means of surveillance, such as radar, coastal patrol and the Automatic Identification System (AIS) lack the capacity to deal with the transnational and complex modern maritime threats. New developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as machine learning, computer vision, predictive analytics, and autonomous unmanned systems offer a pathway to enhance maritime surveillance and to enforce the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The proposed research will investigate the intersection of technological innovation and global ocean law, as a empirical investigation of the use of applications of AI technology in maritime security surveillance, how they fit within the UNCLOS regime, and the legal, technical and ethical challenges posed by these technologies. The research will examine cases studies drawn from the European Union, United States, Asia-Pacific, Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Guinea, and Arctic, and will comparative analysis across multiple types of governance that range from institutionalized and legal to security, cooperative, and dependency-based. AI facilitates the capacity of states to take action to implement UNCLOS provisions by proactive action, enhanced environmental surveillance, and improved search and rescue. Discussions around accountability, liability, jurisdiction, and algorithmic bias call for the establishment of a global regulatory framework urgently. The research identified key gaps in respect to accountability mechanism, regional variations, and ethics, and corresponds them to the proposal for harmonized legal-tech framework and an AI Accountability Protocol through the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The research makes both theoretical and practical contributions. From the perspective of theoretical contribution, this work adds to the literature by situating AI within a hybrid governance model of law, technology and ethics. From the practical contribution perspective, the work provides concrete recommendations for policymakers and international institutions, including capacity building for states with developing capabilities, data standardization, explainable AI models, and surveillance coalitions. Incorporating the technical capacity with the ability to be enforced in law demonstrated that AI can be a fit foundational building block for 21st century maritime governance-increasing compliance with international law while making global maritime commons as safer, sustainable and fairer.
TALENT DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON SMART ORGANIZATIONS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN THE IRAQI MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
This study analyzes the relationship between talent development and the building of smart organizations and examines its impact on organizational performance, with an applied focus on the Iraqi Ministry of Communications. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 85 employees, with 78 valid responses analyzed. Statistical techniques, including mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression, were employed using SPSS and AMOS after confirming the reliability and validity of the research instrument. The findings indicate that the Ministry demonstrates a commitment to human resource development through training and professional development initiatives; however, there remains a need to expand the focus toward future-oriented skills and to enhance employee empowerment for more effective leadership roles. The results confirm a statistically significant relationship between talent development and the development of smart organizational capabilities. The study concludes that sustained investment in human capital is essential for achieving organizational sustainability and excellence and recommends adopting strategic talent development policies and strengthening analytical and predictive capabilities to enable the Ministry to anticipate environmental and technological changes and enhance its transformation into a smart and resilient organization.
THE IMPACT OF AMERICAN LEGISLATION ON GERMAN IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR POSITION DURING WORLD WAR I
This research was conducted to study the economic and social role of German immigrants. It focused on their contributions to the development of agriculture by transferring their European expertise in grain cultivation and dairy production, which led to improved yields in several Midwestern states. It also highlighted the role played by German craftsmen in small and medium-sized industries, as they contributed to the establishment of workshops and factories and the development of new techniques in brewing, leather, and woodworking. The chapter emphasized the factors that made German immigrants an active element in the American economy, including their professional discipline, diverse skills, and strong community cohesion.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL SIMULATIONS IN PHYSICS TEACHING ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION
Physics Educators using Digital Simulation Tools in Physics Education. This study examines the impact of physics simulations on first year undergraduate students academic performance and motivation to learn. A quasi-experimental design was used with an experimental group (i.e. digital simulations in physics coursework) and genetic control (i.e. traditional instruction). Conceptual understanding and problem-solving performance in some domain of physics was measured through pre- and post-intervention tests; and in some studies motivation and attitudes of students in regard to moving from conceptual learning into problem solving were measured through surveys and interviews. Results showed that the experimental group had a significant improvement in their mean post-test scores and traditional approaches gave lower scores in physics post test, with the experimental group obtaining significantly higher mean scores than the control group, and there was also a significant difference towards students’ enthusiasm and interest compared to a traditional approach in learning physics. Further qualitative feedback uncovered that simulations were effective in providing concrete illustrations of abstract phenomena, making students more enthusiastic about the subject, and enhancing their confidence in solving physics problems. The results in this study highlight that interactive simulations can hold promise for both learning and motivational outcomes in the context of physics education. The implications of accompanied curriculum design and teacher training are discussed, and proposed directions for future studies, including the utilization of virtual reality, and the long-lasting effects of simulation-based learning on students' retention of physics principles are suggested.
THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
The research aimed to evaluate the impact of governance mechanisms (board size, meetings, and ownership concentration) on financial performance (return on assets and return on equity), as well as to demonstrate the impact of institutional factors (laws and regulations) on the relationship between governance mechanisms and the financial performance of UAE companies. It was applied to a sample of 7 industrial companies listed on the UAE stock market. Therefore, data were collected from the annual reports of these companies for the period from 2016 to 2024. After conducting the analysis and testing the hypotheses using statistical programs (PLS, Path Analysis, SPSS), the results showed that board meetings and ownership concentration had a direct positive impact on financial performance indicators (ROA, ROE), while board size did not prove to have a positive impact on performance. The results also indicated that institutional factors represented by laws and regulations have a positive mediating role in explaining the relationship between governance mechanisms and the financial performance of UAE companies, which indicates the companies' commitment to the laws and regulations in force in the country.
AGRICULTURE&INDUSTRY IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
This research focuses on the economic aspect of the Spanish kingdoms, which is of great importance to these kingdoms, as it is considered one of the most important aspects for evaluating the kingdoms existing in northern Spain. Therefore, we find that their kings and statesmen were focusing on this aspect, in order to build it on a prosperous and developed foundation based on agriculture, industry, exchange, and trade relations with neighboring countries and other countries. These relations and trade exchange reflect the level of economic prosperity that prevailed in the kingdoms of northern Spain.
REFORMA TRIBUTÁRIA BRASILEIRA: DILEMA ECONÔMICO ENTRE LIBERALISMO E INTERVENCIONISMO ESTATAL
Este artigo analisou a Reforma Tributária promovida pela Emenda Constitucional (EC) nº 132/2023 e regulamentada pela Lei Complementar 214/2025 sob o ponto de vista das correntes fundamentais da Teoria Econômica. O objetivo foi de avaliar quais foram as influências do liberalismo e do intervencionismo sobre as principais modificações implementadas pelo novo sistema tributário brasileiro. Os estudos indicaram que a Reforma Tributária apresenta pontos de forte característica intervencionista, com a criação do Comite Gestor do IBS, que centralizará parte da competência tributária de estados e municípios, com impactos significativos na autonomia destes entes, adotando, no entanto, mecanismos do liberalismo econômico, como a simplificação tributária com a criação do IVA dual, o princípio da neutralidade e a redução da extrafiscalidade como instrumento promocional.
Rita de Cássia Penkal Bernardino de Souza
IMPACTS OF CHINESE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE ON PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC GROWTH (2013-2023)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often regarded as a primary catalyst for global economic integration. FDI and trade are likely seen as crucial determinants of economic development in emerging nations such as Pakistan. This article aims to examine the impact of Chinese FDI and trade on Pakistan's economic development from 2013 to 2023. The research employs time series data from 2013 to 2023. And the secondary sources are employed utilizing qualitative approaches to track the outcomes. The findings of the research indicate that Chinese FDI and Trade have a favourable influence on the economic development of Pakistan. Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade in Pakistan have substantially contributed to economic development by infusing capital, introducing advanced technologies, enhancing productivity, generating employment, and augmenting export potential, thereby promoting overall economic growth, particularly in sectors such as energy, telecommunications, and construction; however, attracting and effectively utilizing FDI continues to face challenges for the country due to issues such as political instability, terrorism and regulatory obstacles.
INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTIONS TO PRACTICAL FUNDAMENTALS
This research examines the preliminary foundations of practical principles in the science of Islamic legal theory (Usul al-Fiqh). These principles play a central role when the jurist faces the absence of a definitive or reliable textual proof that can determine the legal ruling. The study aims to clarify the theoretical framework of practical principles and explain their role in determining the practical duty of the legally responsible person when uncertainty exists regarding a legal ruling. The research analyzes the historical development of practical principles within the Imami legal tradition. It traces their emergence in early works of legal theory and follows their development until they reached a mature methodological form in the writings of later Usuli scholars. The study also discusses the distinction between practical principles (al-usul al-ʿamaliyyah) and legal indicators (al-amārāt), focusing on their evidentiary nature and their different roles in legal deduction. In addition, the research explains the difference between rational principles and textual principles, particularly in relation to the source of their authority and the scope of their application. The study further addresses the main practical principles used in Islamic jurisprudence, including the principle of presumption of innocence (al-bara’ah), the principle of precaution (al-ihtiyāt), the principle of choice (al-takhyīr), and the principle of continuity (al-istishāb). It clarifies the conditions under which each principle operates and the contexts in which jurists apply them. The research relies on classical and contemporary Usuli sources to provide an analytical discussion that highlights the theoretical foundations of these principles and their importance in shaping the methodology of legal deduction in Islamic jurisprudence.
GERMAN UNIT AND ITS IMPACT ON DETERMINING THE NATURE OF IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1871 – 1882
The study demonstrated the importance of the topic through the human, economic, and social strength it represented, which provided American society with the opportunity to invest the migrants’ expertise in agriculture, industry, and trade. It focused on examining migration routes and the ways German immigrants moved to the United States, clarifying the journey from the moment of departure from European ports until arrival at major American centers. It explained the mechanisms of operation of maritime transport companies and their role in organizing voyages and setting prices. The study also explored the difficult conditions that accompanied the migrants’ transatlantic passage, including health risks, shortages of supplies, and overcrowding on ships. Furthermore, it concentrated on analyzing the governmental procedures that accompanied the immigrants’ entry into American ports, particularly the legislation aimed at regulating the movement of newcomers, registering them, and monitoring their situations.
THE ROLE OF DEVELOPING LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRAQI COMMERCIAL PORTS (AN APPLIED STUDY ON UMM QASR PORT)
This study aims to examine and analyze the role of developing logistics activities in improving the performance of Iraq’s commercial ports, to design a framework that clarifies the impact of physical distribution elements—such as transportation and storage—on enhancing the performance of Iraq’s (maritime) commercial ports. The application focuses on Umm Qasr Port. The study arrives at several key findings, most notably the existence of a statistically significant relationship between transportation and logistics distribution and the improvement of port performance in terms of the number of vessels, waiting time, cargo throughput, and number of containers. It also highlights the presence of a modern logistics zone at Umm Qasr Port and proposes a set of recommendations, including the establishment of an independent administrative unit specialized in logistics management to oversee transportation and storage activities, as well as greater attention to the port’s maritime access channel to enhance the performance of Iraq’s commercial ports. Furthermore, the study recommends applying the proposed model, which contributes to improving the efficiency of Iraq’s commercial ports.
AI-ENABLED ESG INTELLIGENCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF NLP AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FRAMEWORKS FOR AUTOMATED SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING (2020–2025)
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting is undergoing a fundamental transition from voluntary narrative disclosure to standardised, mandatory, and audit-ready reporting, driven by the convergence of multiple international and regional regulatory frameworks. This shift has generated substantial demand for AI-enabled ESG intelligence systems capable of processing heterogeneous data sources and producing decision-relevant, traceable, and assurance-ready outputs. However, ESG data remains characterised by significant structural fragmentation, definitional inconsistency across rating methodologies, and the absence of standardised taxonomy mappings conditions that create material barriers to supervised learning approaches reliant on consistent ground-truth labelling [9, 12]. This paper presents a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of AI-based ESG reporting automation research for the period January 2020 to February 2025, encompassing 19 studies selected from 412 records initially retrieved across Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, SSRN, and Google Scholar. The review is structured across four functional stages: (i) data acquisition and harmonisation; (ii) NLP-based extraction and classification of ESG statements across environmental, social, and governance disclosure pillars; (iii) predictive analytics for forward-looking risk and disclosure gap forecasting; and (iv) governance, assurance readiness, and reporting design. The regulatory analysis encompasses the EU Taxonomy, CSRD/ESRS, ISSB IFRS S1/S2, and the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) ESG Disclosure Guidelines (2023). Domain-adapted transformer models have demonstrated consistent performance improvements in ESG text classification and entity extraction benchmarks, with F1 score gains of 5–15 percentage points over general-purpose language model baselines [14, 16]. Notwithstanding these advances, ensemble and temporal models demonstrate superior performance for ESG risk prediction tasks, particularly when integrating structured ESG metrics with textual sentiment features. Systemic challenges persist, including the absence of verified ground-truth ESG labels, regulatory domain shift, and limited supply chain reporting data. The synthesis produces a deployable seven-step methodological blueprint validated against ESRS, ISSB, CSRD, and Saudi CMA design constraints, with direct applicability to Saudi Vision 2030 sustainability governance, the Public Investment Fund (PIF) portfolio reporting agenda, and Tadawul-listed entity disclosure obligations.
STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING AORTIC HEMORRHAGE IN EXSANGUINATING ABDOMINAL TRAUMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW COMPARING REBOA VERSUS RESUSCITATIVE THORACOTOMY FOR VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS, TRANSFUSION REQUIREMENTS AND RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION (ROSC)
Background: bad abdominal hemorrhage with the need for aortic occlusion is a big problem in trauma care. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) with aortic cross-clamping are the two main methods of controlling hemorrhage immediately, but evidence checking these two methods is conflicting. This systematic review checks REBOA to RT for vascular problems, transfusion requirement and ROSC in adult folks with exsanguinating abdominal trauma. Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we searched the literature in the databases: MEdlne, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science from January 2000 to December 2024. Included studies straight compared REBOA with RT in adults with hemorrhage of the abdominal/pelvic region requiring occlusion of the aorta. Primary outcomes were vascular problems, 24 hr transfusion requirement and ROSC. Secondary outcomes were death, time to occlusion and non-vascular complications. Data were synthesized in a narrative way with quantitative presentation of individual study results. Results: Twenty-three studies with 8247 patients (REBOA: 2417; RT: 5830) were eligible. Vascular complication chances with REBOA were 4.2-19.2% among studies compared to 1.1-8.3% among studies with RT. Access site artery injury was found in 4.0% of REBOA patients compared to 1.1% with RT. Distal Limb Ischemia that Required fix occurred in 3.0% of REBOA patients compared with 1.3% with RT. Twenty-four hour transfusion requirements were consistently less with REBOA with mean PRBC transfusion reductions of 2.4 - 4.2 units across studies. ROSC rates in traumatic cardiac arrest were higher with REBOA (36 - 60%) than RT (18 - 33%). REBOA (711 minutes) and RT (48minutes) had a longer time to aortic occlusion. Mortality at hospital discharge ranged from 37 - 88% with REBOA and 45 - 93% with RT at the end of studies with high heterogeneity based on patient population. Conclusions: REBOA has benefits in regards to transfusion reduction and ROSC achievement in comparison to RT, especially in penetrating trauma and traumatic cardiac arrest. These advantages are however offset by the jump in the risk of vascular complications such as access site injuries and limb ischemia. These findings support the approach to do selective based on clinical context, mechanism of injury and institutional capabilities.
González Mercado Zeus Edrian Daniel Alfonso
IMPUTAÇÃO PENAL DA PESSOA JURÍDICA E TEORIA DO DELITO: LIMITES E DIFICULDADES DOGMÁTICAS
O presente artigo analisa as dificuldades e os limites dogmáticos da imputação penal da pessoa jurídica no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, com foco na tensão estabelecida entre os modelos contemporâneos de responsabilização coletiva e as categorias tradicionais da teoria do delito. Estruturada historicamente sobre uma concepção antropocêntrica, a dogmática penal clássica, especialmente a teoria finalista da ação, pressupõe a existência de consciência, vontade e autodeterminação, atributos inerentes apenas à pessoa natural. A pesquisa investiga como a ausência de um animus próprio e de uma vontade psíquica no ente coletivo desafia os pressupostos ontológicos de conduta, tipicidade e culpabilidade. Discute-se o modelo de imputação por defeito de organização como alternativa para enfrentar a macrocriminalidade econômica e ambiental, evidenciando, contudo, os riscos de esvaziamento das garantias penais e a aproximação perigosa com a responsabilidade penal objetiva. Conclui-se que a responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica no Brasil configura uma opção político-criminal voltada à tutela de bens jurídicos difusos que, embora constitucionalmente prevista, exige rigorosa cautela teórica para não comprometer os fundamentos garantistas do Estado Democrático de Direito.
CITOMORFOLOGÍA HEMATOLÓGICA COMO HERRAMIENTA DIAGNÓSTICA EN LA LEUCEMIA VIRAL FELINA
Las leucemias son enfermedades clonales con alteración genética en la médula ósea o en el tejido linfoide periférico. En felinos, la leucemia viral es una enfermedad infecciosa común causada por el Virus de la Leucemia Felina (ViLeF). En humanos, la leucemia/linfoma de células T asociada con el virus linfotrópico de células T humano tipo 1 (VLTH-1). La hematología es muy relevante en la identificación de estas enfermedades, especialmente a través de los cambios observados en las células sanguíneas. Dado que tanto el ViLeF como el VLTH-1 son retrovirus, creemos que las alteraciones celulares en humanos podrían ser cruciales para comprender la fisiopatología y el estado de la enfermedad en felinos. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar anomalías citomorfológicas sanguíneas para la detección temprana del ViLeF. Una revisión de la literatura de alteraciones sanguíneas en humanos con linfoma asociado a HTLV-1 se comparó con alteraciones sanguíneas en 150 felinos. De los cuales 120 mostraron sombras de Gumprecht, 55 linfocitosis, 85 linfocitos reactivos, 110 linfocitos atípicos y 45 blastos indiferenciados. Por lo tanto, las alteraciones en la morfología de las células sanguíneas en infecciones causadas por retrovirus tienen tropismo por la línea linfoide; estas alteraciones podrían ser un indicador temprano de ViLeF.
DERECHOS HUMANOS: VOCACIÓN DE SERVICIO PARA EL CUIDADO EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
Introducción: los derechos humanos son un conjunto de prerrogativas sustentadas en la dignidad humana, permiten el desarrollo integral de las personas, están presentes en los individuos. La vocación de servicio para el cuidado, según la Filosofía de Enfermería, es el bien otorgado a otro, genera sensaciones y emociones que orientan al profesional en su ejercicio y desarrollo de las competencias para la promoción de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los derechos humanos y la vocación de servicio para el cuidado en estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en 270 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la región Orizaba-Córdoba de la Universidad Veracruzana. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron el cuestionario “¿Qué son los derechos humanos?” y el instrumento “Vocación de servicio para el cuidado humano en estudiantes de enfermería”. Resultados: Predominaron las mujeres (74.8%). El grupo mayoritario tenía entre 21 y 23 años (47.7%) y el 60.7% había cursado alguna materia clínica o comunitaria. El 41.4% presentó alta vocación de servicio para el cuidado. Además, el 85.5% afirmó conocer los derechos humanos y el 63% refirió conocer a alguien cuyos derechos se habían vulnerado. Conclusiones: A mayor número de semestres, se observó una vocación de servicio más elevada (rs=270, p<0.05). Una mayor inclinación hacia el cuidado de la salud se relacionó con mayor vocación (rs=270, p<0.01). La autoeficacia también mostró relación significativa con esta (rs=270, p<0.01). Se recomienda desarrollar intervenciones orientadas a fortalecer estos aspectos.
EVALUATING ICT INTEGRATION IN SME OPERATIONS DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC ERA IN SELECTED SMES IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
The COVID‑19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions to business environments globally, compelling small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt innovative strategies to sustain operations. This study evaluates the extent and impact of ICT integration within selected SMEs in the Western Cape, South Africa, during the pandemic era. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected to investigate how digital tools, platforms, and technologies influenced business performance, operational agility, customer service delivery, and innovation. The findings reveal that ICT adoption played a critical role in enabling SMEs to maintain continuity under lockdown restrictions, enhance workflow efficiency, and respond swiftly to changes in customer behaviour and market conditions. Digital solutions, such as online communication platforms, e‑payment systems, social media, CRM systems, and remote‑work tools, improved service responsiveness while fostering innovation in business processes. Despite these benefits, the study also highlights persistent challenges, including limited digital readiness, inadequate ICT infrastructure, and uneven levels of digital skills across SMEs. The research concludes that ICT integration significantly strengthened SME resilience during the pandemic and underscores the need for sustained digital investment, capacity building, and supportive policy interventions to enhance SME competitiveness in an increasingly digital economy.
A PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL NA PRÁTICA: AVALIAÇÃO DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE FORMAÇÃO DO SGDCA E SEUS IMPACTOS NO SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA
O estudo analisa a implementação da Política Nacional de Formação Continuada do Sistema de Garantia dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, instituída pela Resolução nº 244/2024, à luz da doutrina da proteção integral prevista no art. 227 da Constituição Federal. O objetivo consiste em avaliar se a política pode ser compreendida como instrumento de fortalecimento da capacidade institucional do sistema de justiça e da rede de proteção, considerando a evolução dos indicadores de violência infantojuvenil no Brasil. Adota-se metodologia de pesquisa documental e análise de dados secundários extraídos do DATASUS e do CNJ, no período de 2018 a 2025. Conclui-se que o aumento das notificações, aliado à redução de internações e óbitos e à melhora dos indicadores judiciais, indica fortalecimento institucional, tendo a formação continuada papel estruturante na proteção integral.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AND RESILIENCE OF AGROECOLOGICAL YIELDS: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICE STABILITY AND FOOD SECURITY
Agricultural production systems increasingly face ecological instability driven by biodiversity loss, landscape simplification, and climate variability. While a growing body of research has examined the role of ecosystem services in supporting agricultural productivity, most studies have focused on average yield performance rather than the temporal stability of production across heterogeneous landscapes. This gap limits the understanding of how spatial landscape structure influences the resilience of agroecosystems and their capacity to sustain food production under environmental uncertainty. The main objective of this study was to synthesize global evidence on how landscape configuration influences the stability of ecosystem services and the resilience of agroecological yields. Methodologically, this study employed an integrative literature review conducted between November 2025 and February 2026 across major scientific databases. An initial set of 216 records was identified and subjected to systematic screening procedures based on explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final analytical corpus of 25 studies addressing interactions between landscape structure, biodiversity, and agricultural productivity. The results indicate that landscape heterogeneity, habitat connectivity, and the presence of semi-natural habitats significantly enhance ecosystem service provision, particularly pollination and biological pest control. These ecological processes contribute not only to increased crop productivity but also to greater yield stability across environmental fluctuations. The findings suggest that agricultural resilience is strongly influenced by the ecological structure of landscapes rather than by input-intensive production strategies alone. In conclusion, designing biodiversity-rich agricultural landscapes emerges as a key strategy for stabilizing ecosystem services and strengthening the resilience of food production systems in the context of global environmental change.
A COMPETENCY MODEL FOR HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 2030: TOWARDS EMBRACING THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Purpose – The ability to identify the skills and competencies required for tomorrow’s industry leaders are essential for companies that hope to remain competitive in hospitality industry. It is significant to determine the future skills and competencies to be more relevant, competitive, and adaptive to the fast-changing environment. Methodology/Design/Approach – This study is descriptive research that utilized the mixed-method of both quantitative and qualitative approach. The participants of the study were groups of stakeholders in the hospitality industry, the academe, and representatives from the government regulating agencies. Findings – The results of the study identified key skills and competencies required in 2030 and the jobs necessary in this period. The new drivers were also identified in the development of skills set for workforce and resiliency on the hospitality industry in 2030. This led to the development of competency model for Hospitality Industry in the Philippines in 2030. Originality of the research – The developed competency model could be the focal point of the hospitality industry itself on their requirements both in the adoption of technology and usage of human resources in 2030 and beyond.
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN SURGICAL CENTERS OF TERTIARY HOSPITALS
Introduction: Surgical environments expose healthcare personnel to multiple occupational hazards that may compromise physical and mental health. These risks include environmental, ergonomic, biological, and psychosocial factors that are often underestimated in daily practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 surgical professionals working in tertiary-level hospitals in Ecuador. A 50-item structured questionnaire was used to evaluate four domains: physical/environmental, ergonomic, chemical–biological, and psychosocial factors. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Results: The most prevalent hazards included exposure to high temperature and humidity (100%), musculoskeletal discomfort (71%), incomplete vaccination (29%), and psychosocial symptoms such as fatigue and stress (71%). Universal adherence to protective equipment use was observed (100%), though periodic health monitoring and ergonomic adaptation remained insufficient. Conclusions: Despite universal compliance with basic biosafety measures, significant gaps persist in ergonomic design, vaccination coverage, and mental health support. Comprehensive preventive programs integrating ergonomic training, environmental control, and psychological support are essential to ensure safer surgical environments.
THE NEXUS OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN BRICS COUNTRIES
Entrepreneurship has been greatly acknowledged as an imperative source of innovation, productivity, and long-term economic growth. Nevertheless, the processes that determine how financial growth, technological innovation, and macroeconomic situation can affect entrepreneurial activity are still theoretically complicated and empirically inhomogeneous among the emerging economies. This paper examines the nexus of financial development, technological innovation, economic growth and entrepreneurship among the BRICS economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) between the years 2001 and 2023 and the moderating factor of government support. The study is based on second-generation panel econometric models that consider cross-sectional dependence and country heterogeneity through the use of a macro-panel dataset built out of the internationally-recognized publications, such as the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Development Indicators (WDI), and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). In particular, Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model is used to determine both the short-run and long-term associations between the variables. According to the empirical evidence, financial development is a leading factor that encourages entrepreneurial activities through ease of access and limitation of credit available to new enterprises. Another positive impact that economic growth has on entrepreneurship is the creation of market opportunities and the reinforcement of the general business environment. Contrastingly, the direct impact of technological innovation on entrepreneurship does not show a notable impact when viewed separately. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that government support has a strong role of moderation, which enhances the association between technological innovation and entrepreneurial activity. Such results imply that innovation-oriented entrepreneurship does not just rely on the technological capacity, but also the existence of conducive institutional systems and proper governance mechanisms. The research paper adds value to the literature on entrepreneurship and development in that, it provides emphasis on integrated policy frameworks that would simultaneously enhance financial development, ecosystem of innovation as well as the institutional quality in the effort of supporting the growth of entrepreneurship in emerging economies.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO PODER JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO, DESAFIOS ÉTICOS E JURÍDICOS NA TOMADA DE DECISÕES AUTOMATIZADAS
O avanço das tecnologias digitais tem promovido transformações significativas na administração pública e, de modo particular, no funcionamento do Poder Judiciário. Nesse contexto, a incorporação de sistemas baseados em inteligência artificial passou a integrar estratégias de modernização institucional voltadas ao aprimoramento da gestão processual e à melhoria da eficiência da prestação jurisdicional. Diante desse cenário, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios éticos e jurídicos relacionados à utilização da inteligência artificial no Poder Judiciário brasileiro, especialmente no que se refere à tomada de decisões automatizadas. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada como revisão de literatura, com análise de estudos científicos recentes que abordam a aplicação da inteligência artificial no campo jurídico, os riscos associados à automação decisória e as perspectivas regulatórias para o uso dessas tecnologias no sistema judicial. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a inteligência artificial possui potencial para contribuir com a organização de grandes volumes de dados processuais, a automação de tarefas administrativas e a racionalização da gestão judicial. Entretanto, a literatura também evidencia que a utilização dessas ferramentas exige mecanismos adequados de governança tecnológica, transparência algorítmica e supervisão humana, a fim de evitar riscos relacionados à reprodução de vieses automatizados e à ausência de explicabilidade nas decisões assistidas por tecnologia. Conclui-se que a implementação da inteligência artificial no Poder Judiciário brasileiro pode representar avanço relevante para a modernização institucional, desde que sua utilização esteja alinhada aos princípios do devido processo legal, da fundamentação das decisões judiciais e da proteção dos direitos fundamentais.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BATCH PROCESSING APPLICATION WITH ZERO-DOWNTIME DEPLOYMENT
In today’s era of rapidly advancing software and information technologies, many operational processes involve repetitive tasks, requiring employees to routinely spend time completing them. Such situations significantly reduce work efficiency and lead to wasted time. This study aims to increase operational efficiency and enable employees to focus on more strategic and creative tasks. To this end, a batch processing system has been developed that is easy to use, automates routine operational and software processes, and provides uninterrupted service. This system is built on an architecture of admin and agent modules to coordinate and manage workloads. Angular and TypeScript have been used for front-end, while Python, FastAPI, SQLAlchemy, and PostgreSQL technologies have been used for back-end. Development and packaging tools such as Jenkins and Docker have been utilized. Sonarqube integration has been preferred for static code analysis. A hybrid transition architecture combining "Graceful Shutdown" and "Missed Job Recovery" approaches has been designed for uninterrupted service delivery and data security. With the developed system, processes have been made more effective and efficient through the automation of planned workflows. In this way, employees have been able to focus their time and energy on high value-added tasks, thus significantly increasing workforce productivity.
COMMODITY EFFICIENCY OF THE FOOD–PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Globalisation affects not only national states but also their trade flows. The aim of this article is to assess the efficiency of the Slovak agri-food trade in 2006-2015 in the context of globalisation. The article assesses the efficiency of selected food-processing industry commodities. The efficiency of commodities is measured by the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) and the Grubel-Lloyd Index. The article was elaborated based on the data from the databases of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and data from Zelené správy (Green Report) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic. The commodities are sorted according to the HS4 items of the unified system of customs tariffs, with a focus on agri-food commodities. 0001-2400. Efficiency is understood as the ability of the economy to produce goods and services that succeed in international trade, thereby guaranteeing an increase in real income for the population when they rationally use the production factors and fulfil other social and environmental aims. It is a country's ability to combine comparative advantages/ disadvantages with current market and government imperfections in international trade.
LETRAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO E JUSTIÇA EDUCACIONAL: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS DESIGUALDADES DE ACESSO, USO E APROPRIAÇÃO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Nas últimas décadas, a crescente incorporação de tecnologias digitais nos sistemas educacionais tem sido apresentada como um elemento capaz de ampliar oportunidades de aprendizagem, inovação pedagógica e democratização do conhecimento. Entretanto, diferentes estudos têm evidenciado que a presença dessas tecnologias nas escolas não ocorre de forma homogênea, sendo atravessada por profundas desigualdades sociais, econômicas e territoriais. Em muitos contextos, limitações de infraestrutura, acesso restrito a dispositivos e conectividade precária acabam produzindo novas formas de exclusão educacional, mesmo em cenários de expansão das políticas de digitalização do ensino. Nesse cenário, o presente artigo tem como objeto de análise o letramento tecnológico no contexto escolar, compreendido não apenas como acesso a dispositivos digitais, mas também como a capacidade de utilizá-los de forma crítica, significativa e socialmente situada nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. A investigação parte da seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: de que maneira as desigualdades de acesso, uso e apropriação das tecnologias digitais no ambiente escolar influenciam os processos de letramento tecnológico e impactam a promoção da justiça educacional? Teoricamente, fizemos uso dos trabalhos de Bacich, Tanzi Neto e Trevisani (2015), Bacich e Moran (2018), Bates (2019), Castells (2003; 2010a; 2010b; 2015), Floridi (2013; 2014; 2019), Gabriel (2017), Giroux (2004; 2005a; 2005b; 2006; 2011; 2025), Laurillard (1993; 2012), Livingstone e Blum-Ross (2020), Livingstone e Sefton-Green (2016), Moran (2014), Lévy (1998; 1999), Resnick (2017), Selwyn (2011; 2012; 2014; 2019; 2022), Warschauer (2003), Warschauer e Kern (2000), Williamson (2017), entre outros. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativa (Minayo, 2007), descritiva e bibliográfica (Gil, 2008) e com o viés analítico compreensivo (Weber, 1949). Os principais achados da pesquisa evidenciam que as desigualdades digitais, para além do acesso, manifestam-se nas dimensões de uso e apropriação, condicionando as possibilidades de aprendizagem e participação dos estudantes. Verificou-se que a ausência de mediação pedagógica crítica e de condições materiais adequadas tende a reproduzir práticas tradicionais e ampliar assimetrias educacionais. Constatou-se, ainda, que a promoção da justiça educacional no contexto digital depende de uma abordagem integrada que articule políticas públicas, formação docente e práticas pedagógicas emancipadoras.
THE IMPACT OF DİGİTAL ACCOUNTİNG APPLİCATİONS ON FRAUD DETECTİON AND AUDİT EFFECTİVENESS: EVİDENCE FROM ACCOUNTİNG PROFESSİONALS
With the rapid digitalization in the accounting profession in recent years, it has become easier to provide financial statement users with more transparent and reliable information. At this point, the opinions and attitudes of professionals, who are at the center of the e-application monitoring and compliance process, regarding the applications and their impact on auditing are important. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of digitalization in the accounting profession on errors and fraud encountered in accounting audits from the perspective of professionals. To this end, a survey was conducted with 198 professionals working in the province of Sakarya. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 program. The analyses revealed that professionals held a positive view regarding the impact of e-applications on auditing; they believed that the applications facilitated the control and auditing of transactions and increased the reliability of accounting information. Professionals agree that e-applications prevent fraudulent financial reporting by increasing transparency in financial statements, reduce unregistered activities, and contribute to accurate taxpayer declarations. Therefore, there is a strong belief that these applications have a preventive effect on the use of false and misleading documents and help prevent tax losses and evasion.
COGNITIVE LOAD MANAGEMENT AS INFLUENCED BY PERCEIVED TASK COMPLEXITY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN JIANGXI PROVINCE, CHINA
This study aims to investigate the impact of perceived task complexity on cognitive load among university students in Jiangxi Province, China, and the mediating role of metacognitive strategies therein. Employing a questionnaire survey methodology, the research targeted university students in Jiangxi Province. Data collection utilised the Perceived Task Complexity Scale, Metacognitive Strategies Scale, and Cognitive Load Scale, resulting in 735 valid responses. Research findings indicate that significant differences exist between male and female university students in terms of perceived task complexity, metacognitive strategies, and cognitive load. Significant differences exist among university students of different years in their perception of task complexity, whilst no significant differences are found in cognitive load or metacognitive strategies. Perceived task complexity exerts a significant positive influence on cognitive load; perceived task complexity exerts a significant negative influence on metacognitive strategies; metacognitive strategies exert a significant negative influence on cognitive load; metacognitive strategies partially mediate the relationship between perceived task complexity and cognitive load. The research findings provide richer empirical evidence for elucidating the cognitive regulation mechanisms among university students, and offer a reference basis for optimising teaching task design and learning support strategies within higher education institutions.
RESEARCH ON HO CHI MINH'S THOUGHT ON CULTURE AND DEVELOPING CULTURAL TOURISM IN VIETNAM
Ho Chi Minh was honored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a national liberation hero of Vietnam and a world cultural figure. This honor is based on Ho Chi Minh's many outstanding contributions to the Vietnamese nation and to progressive humanity worldwide. In Vietnam today, the political line is determined on the foundation of Ho Chi Minh's thought. And in each specific field, Ho Chi Minh's thought also plays a guiding role for state agencies and organizations in developing strategies and action plans to implement the task of managing social development. This study analyzes Ho Chi Minh's thought on culture, focusing on the content of his ideas on developing cultural resources for Vietnamese localities to apply in developing cultural tourism and promoting socio-economic development. The author constructed a theoretical framework and surveyed the opinions of 240 managers from 150 cultural and tourism organizations operating in three locations across three regions of Vietnam: Hai Phong City (Northern), Hue City (Central), and Can Tho City (Southern). Based on these survey results, the author draws empirical conclusions and policy implications for the development of cultural resources and cultural tourism in Vietnam.
PINTURAS RUPESTRES E PROBLEMAS DE DEGRADAÇÃO DO SÍTIO ARQUEOLÓGICO PEDRA DOS ÍNDIOS I
O sítio arqueológico Pedra dos Índios I está localizado nas proximidades do açude Caldeirão, área rural do município de Piripiri, no norte do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Consiste de um arco horizontal de arenito ruiniforme contendo pinturas rupestres dispostas no teto, concentradas em uma das laterais. Encontrou-se um total de 49 pinturas rupestres vermelhas, entre as quais círculos concêntricos, aglomerados de dígitos ou pontos, impressões de mãos e algumas figuras abstratas geometrizadas, além de manchas de tinta sem contorno definido. Diversos problemas de degradação atingem diretamente o arco rochoso e estão danificando as pinturas rupestres. Há tanto problemas de origem natural quanto causados por ações antrópicas. O trabalho de campo ainda abrangeu o levantamento da flora, fauna e prospecção no entorno do sítio arqueológico, tendo sindo encontrado outro bloco rochoso com pinturas localizado nas proximidades. Resíduos de parafina da queima de velas sugerem que o local seja utilizado como ponto de peregrinação.
MANAGEMENT AND INTERVENTION METHODS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE SUNNAH OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD
In modern times, economic prosperity, rapid technological advancement, and significant gains in human rights and freedoms have created new opportunities, while simultaneously introducing transformations in the traditional family structure and in individual lifestyles. The expansion of communication networks and the remarkable proliferation of means for accessing information and meeting contemporary needs have profoundly influenced human relationships. In comparison with earlier periods marked by more limited opportunities, individuals have become less dependent on one another; in place of the nuclear family and culturally grounded values, an individualistic mode of life—centered on self-fulfillment and the pursuit of maximum pleasure—has increasingly gained prominence. This adopted lifestyle has not only reshaped the consumption patterns of younger generations, but has also contributed to declining marriage rates, rising divorce rates, and the normalization of behaviors such as alcohol and substance abuse, which often culminate in depression and loneliness. Lives that end in murder, suicide, or various forms of tragedy have gradually emerged as a strategic threat to families, children, society, and even the state itself. The economic and psychological difficulties that many individuals experience—at least at certain stages of their lives—have evolved into issues that affect social life and public health at large. Consequently, institutions such as dietitians, family therapists, life coaches, and mental health treatment centers—once either absent or marginal within society—have become increasingly active and institutionalized. At the same time, the magnitude of these problems has reached a level that necessitates strategic interventions on the part of individuals, families, and the state. In the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals facing such challenges, medical approaches are frequently employed—partly as a result of prevailing educational paradigms—while religious and spiritual values remain insufficiently integrated into these processes. This article offers a series of observations and evaluations concerning the Prophet Muhammad’s guidance and pedagogical method in addressing social, familial, and psychological problems.
POLICY GAPS AND SOCIAL WORK RESPONSES TO OLDER ADULT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN VIETNAM
Population ageing is transforming labour markets and social policy systems in many countries, including Vietnam. As employment opportunities decline with age, entrepreneurship has increasingly emerged as an alternative pathway for older adults to maintain economic participation and financial independence. However, existing policy frameworks often fail to adequately address the specific needs of older entrepreneurs. This study examines policy gaps in supporting older adult entrepreneurship in Vietnam. Using secondary data analysis and a survey of 405 older adults, the study explores entrepreneurial motivations and access to entrepreneurship support policies. The findings show that older entrepreneurship is driven by both financial necessity and personal fulfillment, yet access to entrepreneurship support programs remains uneven. Existing financing mechanisms and training initiatives are often not designed specifically for older entrepreneurs, creating structural barriers to business development. The study highlights the need for more inclusive entrepreneurship policies and emphasizes the role of social work in connecting older entrepreneurs with financial resources, training opportunities, and community support networks.
COMPETENCIA DIGITAL DOCENTE Y SOSTENIBILIDAD EDUCATIVA
La transformación digital de la educación superior ha incrementado la necesidad de fortalecer las competencias digitales del profesorado como condición para garantizar procesos educativos sostenibles en entornos virtuales. En este contexto, el presente estudio analiza la relación entre la competencia digital docente y la sostenibilidad educativa en la educación superior. El objetivo de la investigación fue examinar el efecto predictivo de las dimensiones de la competencia digital docente, basadas en el marco DigCompEdu propuesto por Christine Redecker y Yves Punie, sobre la calidad de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en línea. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo mediante un diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó un modelo de regresión múltiple que permitió evaluar la influencia de las distintas dimensiones de la competencia digital docente en el aprendizaje virtual. Los resultados evidencian que las competencias pedagógicas digitales del profesorado constituyen un factor significativo para explicar la calidad del aprendizaje en línea y contribuyen al desarrollo de modelos educativos sostenibles en la educación superior. En conclusión, el fortalecimiento de la competencia digital docente emerge como un elemento clave para la innovación pedagógica y la sostenibilidad educativa en contextos universitarios digitalizados.
PROTECTION OF ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ON THE INDIGENOUS FORESTS OF THE YEI TRIBE FROM EXPLOITATION
Papua has the largest forest cover in Indonesia, home to a wide variety of plants and animals as well as a source of livelihood for indigenous peoples. These forests are threatened with exploitation or even destruction due to the ecological impact of degradation and deforestation under the pretext of food estates. However, the Yei tribe in South Papua, as the indigenous community directly affected, firmly rejects this agenda on their customary forests. The focus of this research is to explore the ecological knowledge of the Yei indigenous community in protecting their customary forests. This research is socio-legal research using an ethnographic study approach. The results show that the Yei indigenous community is highly dependent on their forest. Apart from being a symbol of identity and animistic/spiritual connection between humans, nature, and ancestors, the customary forest is also a source of livelihood, which they represent as mama. This ecological knowledge is also considered to contain a cosmological cycle and sustainable management of customary forests from generation to generation. Today, the Yei community has begun to stage traditional demonstrations to reject the government’s food estate programme, which threatens the ecology of their customary forests, because if the forests disappear, their identity will also disappear. Moreover, state policy should be directed towards protecting their customary forests in accordance with the mandate of the constitution, the special autonomy system of government, the promotion of culture, the regulation of communal intellectual property and customary law, and not the other way around.
LA INNOVACIÓN Y LA SOCIOECOLOGÍA EN EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL EN EL SIGLO XXI
En la ciencia económica y en estudios centrados en los problemas de distribución, el desarrollo regional depende fundamentalmente de procesos de mercado que evidencian la visión de los agentes para asegurar su pervivencia en entornos cambiantes. Para lograrlo, el enfoque economicista persuade la importancia del desarrollo de las organizaciones desde la innovación como medio de mejora y, a partir de la búsqueda de atención a las necesidades. Mientras que un criterio de estudio al progreso de organizaciones y contextos es la socioecología como categoría de análisis un referente útil a la comprensión de los resultados esperados dadas las interacciones entre sistemas sociales y ecológicos. Esta contribución, revisa el impacto de la innovación en las organizaciones en el contexto de los espacios regionales mediante un enfoque cualitativo al analizar estructuras teóricas conceptualizadas. El estudio es de tipo exploratorio, analítico y correlacional, dado que se ubicaron artículos, tesis y libros; para referir los hallazgos relacionados. Se propone estudiar el papel de la innovación para fortalecer la importancia de la socioecología y superar el discurso del idealismo social difundido desde la omisión de las interacciones entre las construcciones sociales vigentes del siglo XXI, como es la empresa, su entorno y su vocación natural.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RECORDING TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN LEGITIMIZING THE COMMUNAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE MAPPURONDO MAMASA INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
On the website of the Direktorat Jenderal (Dirjen) Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum Republik Indonesia, Mamasa Regency only contributes one type of traditional knowledge to West Sulawesi Province. Does Mamasa really have little traditional knowledge, or perhaps there is a lot of knowledge but it has not been thoroughly discovered, which ultimately weakens the recording of knowledge? This study applies an ethnographic approach also using an interdisciplinary approach in law, commonly referred to as socio-legal research. The location of this study is in Penatangan Village, Buntu Malangka Subdistrict, Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province. This article argues the importance of documenting traditional knowledge for indigenous peoples. Documentation enables preventive measures against the erasure of indigenous peoples' traditional knowledge, as well as recognition and the rights of indigenous peoples preservation, leading to the acknowledged ownership of their traditional knowledge. The documentation of traditional knowledge enables the Mappurondo Indigenous People in Mamasa to take three strategic steps which are coordinating and requesting collaborative support from the Mamasa Regency Government, involving researchers and other stakeholders while upholding the FPIC principle, and submitting the documentation results to the Dirjen Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum Republik Indonesia.
PLANO CLIMA NO CONSTITUCIONALISMO MULTINÍVEL: ADAPTAÇÃO E INCLUSÃO DOS MAIS VULNERÁVEIS
Considerando a projeção normativa da proteção da integridade climática no constitucionalismo multinível, como sistema que se articula em diferentes níveis de normatividade, instâncias de proteção e de tomada de decisão, destacando-se o Acordo de Paris, e o modelo de democracia socioambiental que dele deflui, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de elaboração do Plano Clima - Adaptação (instrumento da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima), a fim de verificar seus limites e potencialidades para a participação dos grupos vulneráveis. A metodologia utilizada parte da perspectiva metodológica do estudo do direito como política constitucional e aplica o método dedutivo à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com ênfase para a legislação (nacional e internacional) e análise de dados que constam na Plataforma Brasil Participativo. Em conclusão, observa-se que o processo de elaboração do Plano Clima reconhece e busca viabilizar a participação social, porém, a Estratégia Nacional de Adaptação não aponta claramente quem são os grupos mais vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas, e a maioria dos espaços participativos para construção do Plano Clima não identificam quem são os sujeitos participantes. Enfatiza-se, portanto, a necessidade de criar estratégias para aprimorar o processo participativo, mirando à implementação de uma efetiva política climática, justa e participada.
SECURITY IN EUROPE: EUROPOL, FRONEX AND NATO
Security in Europe is a multidimensional and dynamic field of political and operational action, especially in recent years, as the continent faces multifaceted challenges: terrorism, organized crime, refugee and migration flows, cyber threats (Smith, 2023) and geopolitical tensions. In this context, three key institutions play a crucial role: Europol, Frontex (now European Border and Coast Guard Agency-EBCGA) and NATO (NATO, 2022), (Lanoszka, 2022), (Walt, 2020). Europol (European Police Office) is an important institution of the European Union (EU) in the fight against organized crime (Korontzis, 2013, c) and terrorism. It focuses on the collection, analysis and exchange of information between Member States (MS), facilitating cross-border investigations. Although it has no executive powers, it functions as a hub for cooperation between national authorities, strengthening the collective capacity to respond to criminal networks. EBCGA has been significantly upgraded in recent years, acquiring a strengthened operational role. It is involved in the surveillance and management of the EU's external borders, especially in times of migration crisis. It supports MS with joint operations, technical assistance and personnel. However, its action has provoked reactions, as issues of transparency, accountability and respect for human rights are raised. NATO, although not an EU institution, remains the cornerstone of European collective defense. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 reminded us of the Alliance's crucial role in deterrence and security in the wider region. At the same time, EU-NATO cooperation is being strengthened to address common threats, such as hybrid warfare, disinformation and cyberattacks. In conclusion, security in Europe requires multi-level cooperation, strengthening institutions and adapting to new forms of threats (Biscop, 2021). The challenge lies in finding a balance between effective protection and the safeguarding of fundamental rights and values. The purpose of this brief study is to highlight common points and possibilities for cooperation between these bodies so that security in Europe is strengthened (Sloan, 2019). At the same time, problems will also emerge in such a development, especially after the election of D. Trump in the 2024 elections (Rosen, 2014), (Daalder, Goldgeier, 2021), (Sloan, 2020).
DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS NO SUS FRENTE ÀS INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS EM SAÚDE
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os desafios e avanços das tecnologias digitais em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), identificando fatores que influenciam sua implementação e impactos no atendimento à população. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando a estratégia PICO e conduzida conforme as diretrizes PRISMA, com buscas nas bases SciELO, Scopus, DOAJ e Google Acadêmico, empregando palavras-chave combinadas por operadores booleanos. Foram incluídos artigos em português, brasileiros, gratuitos, completos e publicados entre 2023 e 2024, e excluídas duplicatas, teses, dissertações, resumos e publicações fora do escopo. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do software NVivo, permitindo codificação, categorização e interpretação qualitativa das informações. Os resultados indicaram que tecnologias digitais, como prontuários eletrônicos e telemedicina, contribuem para ampliar o acesso, integrar dados e melhorar a eficiência do SUS, mas seu sucesso depende de infraestrutura adequada, capacitação profissional, governança eficiente, segurança de dados e participação social. Assim, a digitalização do SUS apresenta avanços significativos, porém exige abordagens integradas e políticas públicas estratégicas para superar desigualdades, promover inclusão tecnológica e garantir qualidade e sustentabilidade no cuidado à saúde.
EXPLICABILIDADE COMO CONDIÇÃO DE LEGITIMIDADE ALGORÍTMICA
Este artigo analisa a relação entre sistemas de Machine Learning e o direito à explicação nas decisões automatizadas, com enfoque na proteção dos direitos fundamentais no contexto da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados. Parte-se do problema decorrente da crescente utilização de algoritmos na tomada de decisões que afetam diretamente os indivíduos, muitas vezes caracterizadas por elevado grau de opacidade e dificuldade de compreensão dos critérios utilizados. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em examinar em que medida o direito à explicação pode atuar como mecanismo de transparência e controle jurídico sobre decisões automatizadas. Para alcançar esse objetivo, adotou-se abordagem qualitativa, com utilização do método dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir da análise de literatura especializada em inteligência artificial, proteção de dados e direitos fundamentais. Os resultados indicam que, embora os sistemas de Machine Learning ampliem significativamente a capacidade de análise e processamento de dados, eles também introduzem desafios relevantes relacionados à opacidade algorítmica, à possibilidade de discriminação algorítmica e à limitação da autonomia informativa dos indivíduos. Conclui-se que o direito à explicação constitui instrumento essencial para a promoção da transparência, da responsabilização e da proteção dos direitos fundamentais no uso de sistemas de decisão automatizada.
Gabriel Guerra Miranda Muzeka dos Santos
ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL EN EL ADULTO MAYOR PARA CONTRIBUIR EN EL BIENESTAR Y CALIDAD DE VIDA
Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno global creciente, siendo los adultos mayores un grupo de alta vulnerabilidad. En Ecuador, donde este grupo representa el 10% de la población, es imperativo garantizar una atención integral para mejorar su bienestar y calidad de vida. El presente estudio se enfocó en el asilo Carlos Luis Plaza Dañín para evaluar y proponer estrategias de atención integral. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal con un enfoque de investigación-acción participativa. La muestra estuvo constituida por residentes del Asilo Carlos Luis Plaza Dañín y residentes del Hogar San José. Se aplicaron métodos inductivos y deductivos, y técnicas de recolección de datos como la observación, el registro de historias clínicas y entrevistas. La valoración nutricional se realizó mediante la evaluación antropométrica y el Screening Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), complementado con el análisis de trastornos de la comunicación y funcionalidad, así como estudios de fonoaudiología como MoCA, MECV–V y Test de Boston. Resultados: El diagnóstico nutricional global (MNA) reveló una alta prevalencia de compromiso nutricional, con un alarmante 91.67% de los residentes en estado de Riesgo de Desnutrición (41.67%) o Desnutrición (50.00%). Estos hallazgos se correlacionan con factores de riesgo críticos, incluyendo una alta incidencia de pérdida de peso reciente (69.44%) y una marcada presencia de comorbilidades crónicas, siendo la Hipertensión Arterial (86.11%) la más prevalente, seguida por los problemas articulares y los trastornos neuropsicológicos. Conclusión: La población del asilo presenta una alta vulnerabilidad nutricional y clínica, evidenciando la necesidad urgente de una intervención planificada. Se concluye que la implementación de un modelo de atención integral, que aborde simultáneamente el estado nutricional, la funcionalidad y los factores psicosociales, es fundamental para mitigar los riesgos identificados y promover activamente el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores residentes.
HOW COLLEGE STUDENTS EMPLOYMENT POLICY PROMOTES EMPLOYMENT: A DYNAMIC PANEL QCA ANALYSIS BASED ON CONFIGURATION PERSPECTIVE
The employment of college graduates remains a pressing issue globally, with various policies being implemented to enhance employment outcomes. This study investigates the effectiveness of these policies using a Dynamic Panel Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) based on a configuration perspective. This paper used a qualitative approach and the data gather by using purposive sampling. By analyzing data from Yibin over a decade, we identify the key policy configurations that significantly promote employ-ment among college graduates. This paper findings provide actionable in-sights for policymakers and educational institutions aiming to optimize em-ployment strategies.
GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL, SOBERANIA DIGITAL E GEOPOLÍTICA DA INFORMAÇÃO: O PAPEL DO PAINEL CIENTÍFICO DA ONU NA ARQUITETURA MULTILATERAL DA IA
A consolidação da inteligência artificial como infraestrutura estratégica tem redefinido as dinâmicas de poder no sistema internacional, deslocando a disputa geopolítica para o domínio dos algoritmos, dos dados e das capacidades computacionais. Nesse contexto, observa-se a emergência do nacionalismo algorítmico e da soberania digital como respostas estatais à percepção de riscos associados à governança privada de sistemas de IA, à fragmentação da internet e às assimetrias tecnológicas globais. Paralelamente, a Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas aprovou, por meio da Resolução A/RES/79/325 (2025), a criação do Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence, primeiro órgão científico multilateral dedicado à produção de evidências independentes sobre os impactos, riscos e oportunidades da IA no âmbito do sistema ONU. O presente artigo analisa criticamente o papel desse painel como mecanismo emergente de governança global da inteligência artificial, investigando seu potencial para reduzir lacunas epistemológicas, orientar políticas públicas e mitigar desigualdades entre Norte e Sul Global, bem como seus limites estruturais diante da competição geopolítica, da concentração tecnológica e da ausência de poder regulatório vinculante. Metodologicamente, o estudo adota abordagem qualitativa e teórico-analítica, combinando revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar sobre soberania digital, geopolítica da IA e governança algorítmica com análise institucional do novo arranjo multilateral. Os resultados indicam que o painel representa um avanço institucional relevante ao introduzir uma camada científica independente na arquitetura global de governança da IA, aproximando-se de modelos epistemológicos como o IPCC. Entretanto, sua eficácia depende da capacidade de influenciar processos decisórios multilaterais em um ambiente marcado por nacionalismo tecnológico, disputas entre grandes potências e persistentes assimetrias de capacidade entre países. Conclui-se que o painel pode contribuir para a construção de uma governança global baseada em evidências, mas não substitui a necessidade de mecanismos regulatórios, cooperação tecnológica e pluralismo epistemológico capazes de promover justiça digital e soberania informacional, especialmente para países do Sul Global.
Vania Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Marques Marinho
INTEGRATED MULTIPARAMETRIC MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS
This work presents the design and construction of a multiparametric biomedical signal monitoring system intended for the acquisition, visualization, and analysis of physiological variables. The proposed system integrates three main components: a sensing module, a data acquisition system, and a graphical user interface. The sensing module was designed to acquire electrocardiographic (ECG), phonocardiographic (PCG), respiratory, and body temperature signals using noninvasive sensors and appropriate signal conditioning stages. The acquired signals are digitized through an Arduino Uno–based acquisition system and transmitted to a computer for processing and visualization. A graphical user interface developed in LabVIEW enables real-time monitoring, waveform display, and parameter supervision in a user-friendly environment. The prototype also incorporates electrical isolation and patient safety considerations according to biomedical equipment standards. Experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of reliably acquiring and displaying the physiological signals under study. The developed prototype represents a low-cost and portable alternative for biomedical monitoring applications, particularly in clinical and home-care environments.
CYBER PRESSURE, THE PDVSA INCIDENT, AND THE CAPTURE OF NICOLÁS MADURO: AN OPEN-SOURCE ASSESSMENT
The capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in January 2026 was preceded by a series of non‑kinetic events that reshaped the operational environment in Venezuela. Among these, a cyber incident affecting Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) in December 2025 stands out as a relevant case of cyber pressure applied against critical infrastructure in the theater of operations. This article analyzes the PDVSA cyber incident using open‑source information to assess its characteristics, documented impacts, and strategic relevance as contextual cyber pressure preceding a limited regime intervention. Rather than asserting direct causality between the PDVSA incident and the subsequent capture operation, the article situates the incident within broader discussions on cyber‑enabled coercion, infrastructure vulnerability, and ambiguity in attribution. The study contributes an empirically grounded case analysis to the emerging literature on cyber operations as shaping mechanisms in contemporary conflict.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CAPITAL ON THE SURVIVAL OF STARTUPS IN THE MEKONG DELTA REGION, VIETNAM
Background: in the Mekong Delta, startups continue to face significant challenges in accessing and effectively utilizing financial capital. Despite national efforts to foster an innovation-driven entrepreneurial ecosystem, the Mekong Delta lags behind major economic centers like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Objective: This study explores the factors influencing startup survival in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, based on the inheritance of theory and previous research works from bothdomestic and international contexts, the proposed research model encompasses the following factors: Financial capital, Human Capital, COVID-19 and Startup Survival. Methodology: Using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, the research examines the impact of various types of financial capital—founder equity, debt capital, venture capital, angel capital, family and friends’ funding (FFF), and government support—on startup survival. Result: The findings reveal that founder equity increases the risk of failure, while debt capital, venture capital, and angel capital significantly reduce the risk of failure. Family and friends’ funding also provides protective benefits during early stages, though over-reliance on it can pose risks. Additionally, the moderating role of human capital, including industry experience and education, is crucial in enhancing the effective use of financial resources and improving survival prospects. Conclusion: This study offers valuable insights for managers on optimizing financial capital, leveraging human capital, and building adaptive strategies to improve startup survival, particularly in challenging environments like the Mekong Delta. Unique Contribution: The study further demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated failure risks for startups relying on founder equity, while debt financing provided resilience. Key Recommendation: The results emphasize that while founder equity may increase the risk of failure, debt financing provides a protective effect, especially during crises like COVID-19. The role of human capital, including industry experience and education, further moderates the impact of financial resources on survival.
O LEVIATÃ FISCAL: A TRIBUTAÇÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE SUBJUGAÇÃO E A DIGNIDADE HUMANA COMO LIMITE DO PODER DE TRIBUTAR
A tributação é um dos pilares centrais do poder estatal, com impacto direto na estrutura democrática e na garantia dos direitos fundamentais. Este estudo analisou o sistema tributário brasileiro, com foco na relação entre justiça fiscal, dignidade humana e equilíbrio federativo. Utilizando o método dedutivo e análise constitucional, a pesquisa examinou como o modelo atual de arrecadação e redistribuição afeta a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, especialmente os mais vulneráveis. Os resultados indicam que a elevada carga tributária sobre o consumo compromete o acesso a bens essenciais e acentua desigualdades sociais. A estrutura fiscal vigente, marcada pela centralização de competências e pela incidência desproporcional sobre a baixa renda, fragiliza a efetividade das políticas públicas e limita a atuação dos entes federativos. A pesquisa identificou a necessidade de uma tributação progressiva e seletiva, capaz de respeitar a capacidade econômica dos contribuintes e promover justiça distributiva. Conclui-se que a reforma tributária deve ser orientada por princípios constitucionais, com foco na equidade, na proteção da vida e na promoção do bem-estar coletivo. A tributação deve deixar de ser um instrumento de exclusão e passar a atuar como vetor de desenvolvimento sustentável, assegurando que todos os cidadãos vivam com dignidade em todas as fases da existência.
DESAFIOS DO CUIDADO EM SAÚDE MENTAL EM UM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL: PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFISSIONAIS E REFLEXÕES SOBRE O POTENCIAL DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Objetivo: Analisar, a partir das percepções de profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, os desafios do cuidado em saúde mental no cotidiano do serviço e refletir sobre o potencial da inteligência artificial como ferramenta complementar no apoio ao cuidado psicossocial. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado com oito profissionais de um CAPS em Fortaleza, Ceará. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados por análise temática, seguindo os critérios de rigor metodológico propostos para pesquisas qualitativas. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias principais: limitações estruturais e sobrecarga assistencial no serviço; sofrimento psíquico e sentimento de impotência no trabalho em saúde mental; e estratégias de cuidado e apoio entre profissionais. Conclusão: Os achados evidenciam a complexidade do trabalho em saúde mental no SUS e indicam que tecnologias baseadas em inteligência artificial podem atuar como ferramentas complementares no apoio informacional e psicoeducativo, sem substituir o cuidado profissional.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE: A DOUBLE-BLINDED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Background: Cervicogenic headache is a disabling secondary headache disorder associated with cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction, reduced quality of life, and limited long-term comparative evidence for wavelength-specific photobiomodulation strategies. Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of 820-nm near-infrared laser photobiomodulation, 675-nm red-spectrum laser photobiomodulation, and multiwavelength LED-based photobiomodulation, each combined with standardized physiotherapy, in adults with cervicogenic headache. Methods: This single-centre, three-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial enrolled 150 adults with ICHD-3-confirmed cervicogenic headache at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants were randomized equally to 675-nm laser photobiomodulation plus routine physiotherapy, 820-nm laser photobiomodulation plus routine physiotherapy, or multiwavelength LED-based photobiomodulation plus routine physiotherapy. Treatment was delivered three times weekly for 6 weeks. The prespecified co-primary outcomes were change in visual analogue scale pain intensity and headache frequency at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included neck disability, cervical mobility, craniovertebral angle, and health-related quality of life. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results: Of 198 individuals screened, 150 were randomized and 130 completed 6-month follow-up. At 6 weeks, mean VAS pain intensity was 37.8 mm in the 675-nm group, 21.6 mm in the 820-nm group, and 46.2 mm in the multiwavelength group. Adjusted analyses showed significantly greater pain reduction with 820 nm versus 675 nm (adjusted mean difference, -16.2 mm; 95% CI, -21.2 to -11.2) and versus multiwavelength therapy (-24.6 mm; 95% CI, -29.6 to -19.6), with a significant overall group effect (F[2,146] = 48.3; p < 0.001). Mean headache frequency at 6 weeks was 6.4, 3.8, and 8.6 days per 4 weeks, respectively, with significant adjusted differences favoring 820 nm (F[2,146] = 42.1; p < 0.001). Improvements in disability, cervical flexion, craniovertebral angle, and SF-36 physical health scores also favored 820 nm. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: In adults with cervicogenic headache receiving standardized physiotherapy, 820-nm near-infrared photobiomodulation was associated with greater reductions in headache frequency and pain intensity than 675-nm laser photobiomodulation or multiwavelength LED-based photobiomodulation.
ART EMPOWERMENT USING PHOTOGRAPHY AND VITALITY RECONSTRUCTION OF RURAL PUBLIC CULTURAL SPACES——A CASE STUDY OF JIANGSU, ZHEJIANG AND SHANGHAI REGIONS
Against the background of rural revitalization and the "Enriching the Countryside with Literature and Art" policy, rural public cultural spaces face insufficient vitality. Taking Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai as cases, this paper explores how photography art empowers the vitality of these spaces, analyzes their current status and dilemmas, summarizes empowerment mechanisms, and puts forward targeted paths to provide references for related practice and policy implementation.
DESINFORMACIÓN ALGORÍTMICA, JUVENTUD UNIVERSITARIA Y CONFLICTO SOCIOPOLÍTICO EN ECUADOR
La expansión de las plataformas digitales ha alterado fundamentalmente la dinámica de la formación de la opinión pública, especialmente en contextos políticos o sociopolíticos. Este artículo examina los efectos de la desinformación que se ha difundido en TikTok sobre las percepciones de los estudiantes de comunicación en la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi durante las movilizaciones sociales que tuvieron lugar en septiembre y octubre de 2025 en Ecuador. El estudio adoptó un enfoque de método mixto explicativo secuencial en el que se administró una encuesta estructurada a estudiantes universitarios en combinación con entrevistas semiestructuradas para examinar los mecanismos interpretativos. Los hallazgos indicaron que TikTok fue la principal fuente de información para los usuarios durante el conflicto, pero también el mayor canal de exposición a contenido fabricado, incluidos videos descontextualizados y generados por IA. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la frecuencia de exposición en relación con el cambio actitudinal, junto con una disparidad en las prácticas de alfabetización mediática y verificación reclamadas. Incluso cuando más personas son conscientes de la desinformación, sus comportamientos de consumo siguen siendo superficiales, centrados en la manipulación emocional y la polarización. Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica de las consecuencias de la desinformación algorítmica dentro del entorno universitario en América Latina, al tiempo que reitera la necesidad de mejorar los aspectos críticos y de verificación digital de la formación académica.
CSR DISCLOSURE AND FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM’S LISTED FIRMS
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure has become a strategic trend for firms aiming for long-term and sustainable development, particularly among companies listed on the stock market. In Vietnam, empirical studies over the past decade have begun to confirm a positive correlation between CSR disclosure and firm value. This study surveyed 182 investors in Vietnam and employed the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach for data analysis. The findings indicate that economic and social disclosures exert a positive impact on firm value, whereas environmental disclosure does not yet show a significant influence. This reflects a prevalent reality among Vietnamese listed enterprises, where the focus of disclosure remains heavily skewed toward financial and economic factors. The results suggest that Vietnamese listed firms need to enhance the comprehensiveness and balance of their CSR reporting. While an excessive focus on economic elements may yield short-term benefits, achieving sustainable development and long-term firm value appreciation requires expanding the scope of disclosure to environmental and social dimensions, in alignment with global ESG trends.
PROCESSOS DE SUBJETIVAÇÃO DOCENTE: A BUSCA POR UMA PRÁXIS DECOLONIAL
Neste estudo, objetivamos analisar processos de subjetivação em docentes negras/as e sua relação com a construção de uma práxis decolonial no cotidiano escolar, sob o manto da Lei nº 10.639, de 9 de janeiro de 2003. No percurso teórico-metodológico, elegemos a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e documental, articulando conceitos de subjetividade, ativismo político e saberes produzidos pelo Movimento Negro. Na presente investigação, os resultados indicam que a implementação efetiva da Lei nº 10.639/03 reclama para si uma revolução copernicana nos processos de subjetivação docente: ao confrontar as distorções do espelho social e resgatar o seu rosto e a sua ancestralidade, a/o docente negra/o converte o ato de ensinar num exercício de insurgência e reparação histórica. No que-fazer político-pedagógico, a práxis decolonial desvela-se, exatamente, no momento em que docentes negras/as — num ato de valentia, ousadia e teimosia — assumem o protagonismo discursivo-existencial de narrar sua história pessoal, o sentido e o sentido último da vida. Ex-istimos discursivamente, tateando entre as palavras, incontestavelmente! No século XXI, o ato político de educar — cingido em processos autênticos de subjetivação docente — trans-forma a sala de aula num espaço ontológico de [r]ex-istência, de dignidade humana e de esperança.
ACCESS TO COMMUNITY-BASED SOCIAL SERVICES AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN VIETNAM: EVIDENCE FROM HANOI, QUANG NINH, AND YEN BAI
Population ageing has become a major demographic trend in many countries, including Vietnam. As the number of older adults continues to increase, access to community-based social services plays an increasingly important role in supporting their health, well-being, and social participation. This study examines the accessibility of community-based social services among older adults and identifies the barriers that affect service utilization. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 360 older adults aged 60 years and above in three provinces in Vietnam: Hanoi, Quang Ninh, and Yen Bai. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The study examined socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, types of social services accessed, and barriers to service accessibility. The findings show that health care services were the most commonly accessed services among older adults, followed by recreational activities and religious or spiritual services. However, access to other social services such as psychological counseling, legal consultation, and employment support remained relatively limited. Several barriers were identified, including lack of information about services, financial constraints, limited service availability, and mobility limitations. The study highlights the importance of strengthening community-based social service systems to better support the needs of older adults. Policy efforts should focus on improving service availability, enhancing information dissemination, and reducing structural barriers that limit access to services.
SECURITY IN EUROPE: EUROPOL, FRONTEX AND NATO