NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS E ABORDAGENS CLINICAS NO TRATAMENTO DO MELANOMA CUTANEO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.8007Keywords:
Melanoma Cutâneo, Imunoterapia, Terapias-Alvo, Resistência Terapêutica, OncologiaAbstract
O melanoma cutâneo é a forma mais agressiva de câncer de pele, apresentando alta letalidade devido ao seu potencial metastático. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão narrativa que analisa as novas perspectivas terapêuticas, com foco em imunoterapia, terapias-alvo e abordagens emergentes como a terapia celular adotiva (TILs). A literatura demonstra que a introdução de inibidores de checkpoint imunológico e inibidores de BRAF/MEK transformou o prognóstico da doença avançada, elevando significativamente as taxas de sobrevida global. Entretanto, a heterogeneidade de resposta e o desenvolvimento de resistência terapêutica, especialmente em tumores com mutações NRAS, permanecem como desafios críticos. Fatores do hospedeiro, como o microbioma intestinal influenciado pela dieta, também emergem como moduladores da eficácia terapêutica. Conclui-se que, embora o manejo do melanoma tenha evoluído para uma medicina de precisão, a identificação de novos biomarcadores e a prevenção primária continuam essenciais para o controle da mortalidade.
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