THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS REGULATION NUMBER 41 OF 2012 ON THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT OF STREET VENDORS: A CASE STUDY OF ZONING POLICY IN MEDAN CITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.7982Keywords:
Zoning Policy, Street Vendors, Spatial Justice, Informal Economy, Socioeconomic ComplianceAbstract
The governance of street vendors in rapidly urbanizing Global South cities presents a persistent tension between spatial order and the right to livelihood. This study evaluates the effectiveness of zoning policy in Medan City, Indonesia, not merely as a spatial control instrument but as a tool for informal economic empowerment. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research first conducted a survey of 320 street vendors to quantitatively analysed spatial distribution patterns and compliance levels. This was followed by in-depth interviews to qualitatively explore the socioeconomic rationale behind vendor behaviours. GIS mapping revealed that vendors concentrate in high-mobility economic hubs, with 41.8% operating in prohibited red zones. The binary logistic regression analysis within the PLS-SEM model (R² = .684) identified consumer access as the most significant determinant of compliance (β = .421, p < .001), followed by daily income stability, location security, and sanitation facilities. Qualitative findings confirmed that non-compliance is a rational economic adaptation to poorly planned relocations that disrupt consumer links. The study concludes that zoning policy only becomes effective when it transitions from a repressive spatial instrument to a collaborative empowerment strategy that ensures the economic sustainability of vendor livelihoods. This research contributes a novel integrative framework for evaluating informal sector governance in developing cities.
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