MANEJO TERAPÊUTICO DA LESÃO MEDULAR TRAUMÁTICA: INTERVENÇÕES CLÍNICAS E OPERATÓRIAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v23.7420Keywords:
Descompressão Medular, Lesão Medular Traumática, Reabilitação, Tratamento, Traumatismos da Medula EspinalAbstract
A lesão medular traumática exige decisões terapêuticas sequenciais, desde a estabilização inicial até a reabilitação prolongada, pois déficits neurológicos e complicações clínicas podem comprometer a sobrevida e a funcionalidade. Objetivou-se analisar as intervenções clínicas e operatórias empregadas no manejo dessa condição e suas repercussões sobre estabilização, recuperação funcional e prevenção de complicações. Realizou-se revisão integrativa de registros provenientes da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com triagem efetuada em 6 de julho de 2026. Dos 1.073 registros identificados, 16 estudos compuseram a síntese principal. Os achados apontaram que a prevenção de hipotensão, a descompressão e a estabilização vertebral devem ser individualizadas conforme instabilidade, gravidade neurológica e contexto clínico. A evidência sobre o benefício neurológico do tempo cirúrgico permanece heterogênea. Infecção urinária, lesão por pressão, pneumonia, disfunções urinárias, dor neuropática e alterações respiratórias exigem prevenção sistemática e intervenção multiprofissional. Estratégias de reabilitação respiratória e funcional demonstraram benefícios, embora a qualidade metodológica e a disponibilidade dos serviços ainda limitem a generalização. Conclui-se que o manejo efetivo deve ser integrado, precoce, individualizado e contínuo.
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